Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics PDF
Preview Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics
Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics ETTORE MAJORANA INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES Series Editor: Antonino Zichichi European Physical Society Geneva, Switzerland (PHYSICAL SCIENCES) Recent volumes in the series: Volume 5 PROBING HADRONS WITH LEPTONS Edited by Giuliano Preparata and Jean-Jacques Aubert Volume 6 ENERGY FOR THE YEAR 2000 Edited by Richard Wilson Volume 7 UNIFICATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE INTERACTIONS Edited by Sergio Ferrara, John Ellis, and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen Volume 8 CURRENT ISSUES IN QUANTUM LOGIC Edited by Enrico G. Beltrametti and Bes C. van Fraassen Volume 9 ENERGY DEMAND AND EFFICIENT USE Edited by Fernando Amman and Richard Wilson Volume 10 INTERACTING BOSE - FERMI SYSTEMS IN NUCLEI Edited by F. lachello Volume 11 THE SOLUTION OF THE INVERSE PROBLEM IN GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION Edited by R. Cassinis Volume 12 NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS Edited by Ettore Fiorini Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics Edited by Ettore Fiorini University of Milan Milan, Italy Plenum Press . New York and London Library of Congress Cataloging in Publ ication Data International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (10th: 1980: Erice, Italy) Neutrino physics and astrophysics. (Ettore Majorana international science series. Physical sciences; v. 12) "Proceedings of Neutrino '80, an I nternational Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, held June 23-28,1980, in Erice, Sicily." Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Neutrino-Congresses. 2. Astrophysics-Congresses. 3. Neutrino astrophysics-Con gresses. I. Fiorini, Ettore. II. Title. III. Title: Neutrino '80. IV. Series. QC793.5.N422157 1980 539.7'215 81-11999 ISBN 978-1-4757-0521-8 ISBN 978-1-4757-0519-5 (eBook) AACR2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-0519-5 Proceedings of Neutrino '80, an International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, held June 23-28, 1980, in Erice, Sicily © 1982 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher PREFACE Neutrino '80 held at the Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture in Erice, was the tenth of a series of International Confer ences on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics. It also marked the fiftieth anniversary of the first mention, by Wolfgang Pauli, of a neutral particle emitted in beta decay. The conference occurred at a very propitious time in neutrino physics: the possibility of a non-zero neutrino mass and of neutrino oscillations has obvious implications of great importance in neutrino astrophysics and cosmology, as well as in the grand unified theories. In order to encourage contacts and discussions among the various experts in different branches of neutrino physics and astrophysics, the conference was based only on plenary sessions, and mainly on review talks. Short communications were accepted only if they bore new and unexpected results which could not be covered in the appro priate review. I would like to thank the participants for their understanding of this often unpopular rule. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the members of the International Advisory Committee, to George Marx, Secretary of the on-going International Neutrino Committee, to the rapporteurs and session chairmen. Thanks are especially due to Antonino Zichichi, Director of the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture, for the warm and generous hospitality extended to us, and to Alberto Gabriele and Pinola Savalli for their untiring efforts to make our stay in Erice as enjoyable as fruitful. I want to thank in addition Enrico Bellotti, Scientific Secretary to the conference and Luciana Brogiato for the excellent job done in the organization of the conference and in the prepara tion of the proceedings. Ettore Fiorini v NEUTRINO '80 International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics held in Erice (Italy), June 23 through 28, 1980. International Advisory Committee: C. BALTAY Irvington - U.S.A. S. BLUDMAN Philadelphia - U.S.A. N. CABIBBO Roma - Italy H. FAISSNER Aachen - Germany E. FIORINI Milano - Italy (Conference Chairman) C. JARLSKOG Bergen - Norway G. MARX Budapest - Hungary D. PERKINS Oxford - United Kingdom H. PIETSCHMANN Wi en - Austria B. PONTE CORVO Moscow - U.S.S.R. L. RADICATI Pisa - Italy F. REINES Irvine - U.S.A. A. ROUSSET Paris - France A. SALAM Trieste - Italy J. STEINBERG Geneva - Switzerland v. TELEGDI ZUrich - Switzerland G.T. ZATZEPIN Moscow - U.S.S.R. A. ZICHICHI Geneva - Switzerland E. BELLOTTI Milano - Italy (Scientific Secretary) Sponsored by: European Physical Society, Italian Physical Society, Istituto Nazio na1e di Fisica Nuc1eare, di Milano. Universit~ vii CONTENTS 50 YEARS OF NEUTRINO PHYSICS The Early Days of Neutrino Physics . . • . . • • 1 R. Peierls Fifty Years of Neutrino Physics: Early Experiments .•.. . . . 11 F. Reines Fifty Years of Neutrino Physics: A Few Episodes 29 B. Pontecorvo NEUTRINO ASTROPHYSICS Low-Energy Neutrinos in Astrophysics . . . . 61 W. Hampel WEAK CHARGED CURRENTS New Particles 81 P. Musset Weak Charged Currents: Hadron Final States. . . . . . . 107 B. Saitta Charged Current Inclusive Interactions . . . . . . . . . 143 F. Eisele WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENTS Weak Neutral Current-Semileptonic Interactions 165 B. Borgia ix x CONTENTS Review on Purely Leptonic Interactions of Weak Neutral Currents .•.• 191 L.W. Mo LOW AND INTERMEDIATE ENERGY INTERACTIONS Parity Violation in Nuclei 219 R.G.H. Robertson Low Energy Neutrino Interactions • . . . 241 H.W. Sobel, F. Reines, and E. Pasierb CONSERVATION LAWS Lepton Conservation 259 F. Boehm Grand Unification of Quarks and Leptons from One of Preons . . . . . . . • . . . • 275 J.C. Pati Baryon Conservation (Experiments) 301 M. Goldhaber Comments on "The Electron Neutrino Mass from 3H_3He S-Decay (+) 14 eV .s;; m- .s;; 46 eV (99% C.L.)" 317 \Ie K.E. Bergkvist WEAK INTERACTIONS IN ELECTRON AND PADRON EXPERIMENTS Electro-Weak Physics in e+e- Interactions 321 M. Chen Beam-Dump Experiments 341 F. Dydak PRESENT AND FUTURE Future Accelerators 361 K. Winter CONTENTS xi New Neutrino Detection Technology: Application of Massive Water Detectors to Accelerator Neutrino Physics . • . . • . 381 L. Sulak Concluding Remarks 399 D.H. Perkins Index 417
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