Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain PDF
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Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain Second Edition Jack Jallo, MD, PhD Professor and Vice Chair for Academic Services Director, Division of Neurotrauma and Critical Care Department of Neurological Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Christopher M. Loftus, MD Professor of Neurosurgery Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 107 illustrations Thieme New York • Stuttgart • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. ExecutiveEditor:TimothyY.Hiscock Importantnote:Medicineisanever-changingscienceundergo- ManagingEditor:SarahLandis ingcontinualdevelopment.Researchandclinicalexperienceare Director,EditorialServices:MaryJoCasey continuallyexpandingourknowledge,inparticularourknowl- AssistantManagingEditor:NikoleY.Connors edgeofpropertreatmentanddrugtherapy.Insofarasthisbook ProductionEditor:NaamahSchwartz mentionsanydosageorapplication,readersmayrestassuredthat InternationalProductionDirector:AndreasSchabert the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to EditorialDirector:SueHodgson ensurethatsuchreferencesareinaccordancewiththestateof InternationalMarketingDirector:FionaHenderson knowledgeatthetimeofproductionofthebook. InternationalSalesDirector:LouisaTurrell Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any DirectorofInstitutionalSales:AdamBernacki guaranteeorresponsibilityonthepartofthepublishersinrespect SeniorVicePresidentandChiefOperatingOfficer:SarahVanderbilt toanydosageinstructionsandformsofapplicationsstatedinthe President:BrianD.Scanlan book.Everyuserisrequestedtoexaminecarefullythemanufac- turers’leafletsaccompanyingeachdrugandtocheck,ifnecessary inconsultationwithaphysicianorspecialist,whetherthedosage LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData schedulesmentionedthereinorthecontraindicationsstatedbythe Names:Jallo,Jack,editor.|Loftus,ChristopherM.,editor. manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present Title: Neurotrauma and critical care of the brain / [edited by] book.Suchexaminationisparticularlyimportantwithdrugsthat JackJallo,ChristopherM.Loftus. areeitherrarelyusedorhavebeennewlyreleasedonthemarket. Description:Secondedition.|NewYork:Thieme,[2018]|Includes Everydosagescheduleoreveryformofapplicationusedisentirely bibliographicalreferencesandindex. attheuser’sownriskandresponsibility.Theauthorsandpublishers Identifiers:LCCN2018008641|ISBN9781626233362(print)|ISBN requesteveryusertoreporttothepublishersanydiscrepanciesor 9781626233409(eISBN) inaccuraciesnoticed.Iferrorsinthisworkarefoundafterpubli- Subjects: | MESH: Brain Injuries, Traumatic–diagnosis | Brain cation,erratawillbepostedatwww.thieme.comontheproduct Injuries,Traumatic–therapy|CriticalCare–methods descriptionpage. Classification:LCCRC387.5|NLMWL354|DDC617.4/81044–dc23 Someoftheproductnames,patents,andregistereddesigns LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018008641 referredtointhisbookareinfactregisteredtrademarksorpro- prietarynameseventhoughspecificreferencetothisfact isnot always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representationbythepublisherthatitisinthepublicdomain. ©2018ThiemeMedicalPublishers,Inc. ThiemePublishersNewYork 333SeventhAvenue,NewYork,NY10001USA +18007823488,[email protected] ThiemePublishersStuttgart Rüdigerstrasse14,70469Stuttgart,Germany +49[0]7118931421,[email protected] ThiemePublishersDelhi A-12,SecondFloor,Sector-2,Noida-201301 UttarPradesh,India +911204556600,[email protected] ThiemePublishersRiodeJaneiro,ThiemePublicaçõesLtda. EdifícioRodolphodePaoli,25ºandar Av.NiloPeçanha,50– Sala2508 RiodeJaneiro20020-906Brasil +55213172-2297/+55213172-1896 Coverdesign:ThiemePublishingGroup TypesettingbyDiTechProcessSolutions PrintedinTheUnitedStatesofAmericaby KingPrintingCompany,Inc. 54321 Thisbook,includingallpartsthereof,islegallyprotectedbycopy- right. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the ISBN978-1-62623-336-2 narrowlimitssetbycopyrightlegislation,withoutthepublisher’s consent,isillegalandliabletoprosecution.Thisappliesinpartic- Alsoavailableasane-book: ular tophotostatreproduction, copying,mimeographing,prepa- eISBN978-1-62623-340-9 rationofmicrofilms,andelectronicdataprocessingandstorage. Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Contents Foreword ........................................................................................ viii Preface............................................................................................ ix Contributors....................................................................................... x PartI: Introduction 1. BrainTraumaandCriticalCare:ABriefHistory................................................. 1 NinoStocchettiandTommasoZoerle 2. TheEpidemiologyofTraumaticBrainInjuryintheUnitedStatesandTheWorld........... 7 VictorG.Coronado,R.SterlingHaring,ThomasLarrew,andVivianaCoronado 3. TheClassificationofTraumaticBrainInjury ................................................... 29 VijayM.RavindraandGregoryW.J.Hawryluk PartII: Science 4. PathophysiologyofTraumaticBrainInjury.................................................... 34 IgnacioJusue-TorresandRossBullock 5. BloodBiomarkers:WhatisNeededintheTraumaticBrainInjuryField?.................... 49 TanyaBogoslovsky,JessicaGill,AndreasJeromin,andRamonDiaz-Arrastia 6. NoninvasiveNeuromonitoringinSevereTraumaticBrainInjury ............................ 60 HuyTran,MarkKrasberg,EdwinM.Nemoto,andHowardYonas 7. MultimodalityMonitoringinNeurocriticalCare .............................................. 68 BhuvaneshGovind,SyedOmarShah,ShoichiShimomato,andJackJallo 8. BrainInjuryImaging............................................................................. 81 VaheM.Zohrabian,PaulAnthonyCedeño,andAdamE.Flanders PartIII: Management 9. PrehospitalCareforPatientswithTraumaticBrainInjury.................................... 99 ColeT.Lewis,KeithAllenKerr,andRyanSeijiKitagawa 10. AssessmentofAcuteLossofConsciousness................................................. 106 T.ForchtDagi 11. GuidelinesApplicationforTraumaticBrainInjury........................................... 124 PeterLeRoux 12. MildBrainInjury ............................................................................... 151 BrianD.Sindelar,VimalPatel,andJulianE.Bailes 13. ModerateTraumaticBrainInjury............................................................. 162 AmritChiluwalandJamieS.Ullman Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), v copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Contents 14. SevereTraumaticBrainInjury................................................................. 170 ShellyD.Timmons 15. WartimePenetratingInjuries................................................................. 185 KyleMueller,RandyS.Bell,DanielFelbaum,JasonE.McGowan,andRoccoA.Armonda 16. GuidelinesfortheSurgicalManagementofTraumaticBrainiInjury ...................... 199 MichaelKarsyandGregoryW.J.Hawryluk 17. ConcomitantInjuriesintheBrain-injuredPatient........................................... 218 KathrynS.Hoes,AnkurR.Patel,VinShenBan,andChristopherJ.Madden 18. PediatricBrainInjury .......................................................................... 233 AndrewVivas,AyshaAlsahlawi,NirShimony,andGeorgeJallo PartIV: CriticalCare 19. NeurologicalCriticalCare ..................................................................... 246 RuchiraJhaandLoriShutter 20. FluidsResuscitationandTraumaticBrainInjury............................................. 262 MatthewVibbertandAktaPatel 21. SedationandAnalgesiainTraumaticBrainInjury........................................... 273 MatthewVibbertandJohnW.Liang 22. MechanicalVentilationandPulmonaryCriticalCare ....................................... 281 MitchellD.Jacobs,MichaelBaram,andBharatAwsare 23. NutritionSupportinBrainInjury ............................................................. 300 StephanieDobakandFredRincon 24. CardiovascularComplicationsofTraumaticBrianInjury ................................... 312 NicholasC.Cavarocchi,MustaphaA.Ezzeddine,andAdnanI.Qureshi 25. ParoxysmalSympatheticHyperactivity...................................................... 318 JacquelineUrtechoandRuchiraJha 26. VenousThromboembolismProphylaxisintheNeurocriticalCarePopulation............ 323 TakiGalanisandGenoJ.Merli 27. TraumaticBrainInjuryandInfection ......................................................... 328 DavidSlottje,NormanAjiboye,andM.KamranAthar 28. TargetedTemperatureManagementinAcuteTraumaticBrainInjury .................... 349 JacquelineKraft,AnnaKarpenko,andFredRincon PartV: Outcome 29. NeurorehabilitationafterBrainInjury........................................................ 352 BlessenC.Eapen,XinLi,RebeccaN.Tapia,AjitB.Pai,andDavidX.Cifu 30. PrognosisforTraumaticBrainInjury ........................................................ 371 AndrewJ.GardnerandRossD.Zafonte vi Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Contents PartVI: Socioeconomics 31. Ethics:LifeandDeathChoicesforTraumaticBrainInjury.................................. 387 PaulJ.Ford,BrynS.Esplin,andAbhishekDeshpande 32. CostofTraumaticBrainInjuriesintheUnitedStatesandtheReturnonHelmet Investments .................................................................................... 395 BruceA.Lawrence,JeanA.Orman,TedR.Miller,RebeccaS.Spicer,andDeliaHendrie Index...................................................................................................... 408 Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), vii copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Foreword Thereisnogreaterpleasureforanacademicthantoseehis uation of intracranial hematomas, the growth of trauma student follow in his footsteps and ultimately to surpass centers,neurocriticalcare,andneurorehabilitation,andthe him(Imustadmitsomemixedfeelingsaboutthelatter!).I effectofevidence-basedmanagementguidelines.Itishigh- amthereforedelightedtohavetheprivilegeofwritingthis lyunlikelythatanysingledrugwillexceedthecumulative briefforewordtoabookthatmyformerresidentJackJallo, effect of these diverse interventions. While it remains MD,hasco-editedwithChrisLoftus,MD.Thisbookbrings importanttocontinuethesearchforagentsthatcanmod- togethermanyofthecurrentthoughtleadersinthefieldof ulatethemanybiochemicalcascadesthataresetinmotion traumaticbraininjuryandbydoingsoprovidesuswithan bytraumaticbraininjury,itisimportanttousethemany easy-to-accessandvaluableresource. toolsthatwealreadyhaveavailabletous. Whileitistruethatwedonotyethaveasingleagentthat Thediversedisciplinesthatimpactthecareandoutcome has been proven to improve the outcomefrom traumatic ofthehead-injuredpatientareconciselypresentedinthis braininjury,thereislittledoubtthattheoutcomesfromthis beautiful volume. It will no doubt serve as avery helpful common and often devastating condition have improved starting point for the newcomer to the field, as well as a substantiallyoverthepastthreedecades.Inthe1970sthe convenient source of up-to-date information for the sea- mortalityassociatedwithsevereTBI—eventreatedinsome sonedneuro-traumatologist. ofthebestcenters—wasapproximately50percent.Several current series report mortalities of 30 percent or less. RajK.Narayan,MD Furthermore,thequalityofneurologicrecoveryamongthe ProfessorandChairman survivorsisalsobetter. DepartmentofNeurosurgery Thesedramaticimprovementscanonlybeascribedtoa Director,NorthwellNeuroscienceInstitute combination of factors,including the introduction of seat TheZuckerSchoolofMedicineatHofstra/Northwell belts and air bags, better rescue squads, more effective Manhasset,NewYork monitoringtechnologies,earlierCTscanning,promptevac- viii Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
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