Neurotransmitters and Epilepsy

393 Pages·1987·9.154 MB·English

by  John W. Dailey, Phillip C. Jobe (auth.), Phillip C. Jobe, Hugh E. Laird II (eds.)

Neurotransmitters and Epilepsy
Contemporary Neuroscience
Neurotransmittersand Epilepsy, edited by Phillip C. Jobe and Hugh
E. Laird II, 1987
The Auditory Midbrain, by Lindsay Aitkin, 1985
Neurobiology of the Trace Elements, edited by lvor E. Dreosti and
Richard M. Smith
Volume 1: Trace Element Neurobiology and Deficiencies, 1983
Volume 2: Neurotoxicology and Neuropharmacology, 1983
Neu rotra nsm itters
and Epilepsy
Edited by
Phillip C. Jobe and Hugh E. laird II
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
© Copyright 1987 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Humana Press Inc. in 1987
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987
AII rights of any nature whatsoever reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sytem, or transmit
ted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
microfilming, recording, computer database entry, or networking, or in any
manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicatlon Data
Neurotransmitters and epilepsy.
(Contemporary neuroscience)
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Epilepsy-Pathophysiology. 2. Epilepsy-Animal models. 3. Neuro
transmitters. 1. Jobe, Phillip C. II. laird, Hugh E. III. Series.
[ONlM: 1. Epilepsy-physiopathology. 2. Neuroregulators-physiol
ogy. Wl 385 N4935]
RC372.5.N48 1987 616.8'53071 87-27579
ISBN 978-1-4757-5982-2 ISBN 978-1-59259-462-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-59259-462-7
Preface
The idea for this book has evolved from our desire to present
a conceptual approach to the study of neurotransmitters in epilepsy.
Such an approach requires an understanding of the function of
neurotransmitter systems in various experimental models of epilep
sy. Toward this goal we have included in this book chapters on
neurotransmitter systems in nine different epilepsy models. To com
plete the coverage of this topic, there is a chapter on the role of
selected neurotransmitters in the various types of human epilep
sies. In the final chapter the editors integrated the neurotransmit
ter data from the various epilepsy models into a matrix from which
a better understanding of the function of these neurotransmitters
in modulating epileptogenesis may be obtained.
The information found in this book is not the result of a sym
posium on this topic, but rather a review of available information
on neurotransmitters in each of the experimental models. The evi
dence is presented by knowledgeable researchers using these
models. This approach gives a current, broader, and more thorough
presentation of each of the topics. We therefore feel that this is not
just a glimpse at the subject matter, but a panoramic view of the
topic.
The selection of the experimental models of epilepsy for inclu
sion in this book was determined by the desire of the editors to
give a broad exposure to neurotransmitter information available
from both genetic and nongenetic epilepsy models. Bothofthese
types of experimental models have given important information
regarding neurotransmitter function in modulating the epileptic
state. The types of experimental questions addressed in each model
must be carefully considered, however, so that the model system
most appropriate for the question can be selected.
The goal of the editors is to provide the reader with a source
of information on the roles of neurotransmitter systems in currently
used and biologically diverse epilepsy models. In addition, an at
tempt is made to provide an updated view of those neurotransmitter
systems thought to play a role in the human epileptic state. Finally,
in the last chapter the editors have sought to construct an integrated
V
vi Pre{ace
conceptual framework for viewing the neurotransmitter data ob
tained in the various models. Such a chapter was included to give
the editors an opportunity to express their interpretation of the in
formation presented on the various model systems and to develop
a broader perspective on the role of neurotransmitter systems in
regulating the susceptibility to and severity of the epileptic state.
Phillip C. Jobe
Hugh E. Laird II
Dedication
We are deeply indebted to Drs. Albert L. Picchioni and Lin
coln Chin, our mentors. They ignited our interest in epilepsy
research through their dedication, diligence, integrity, and creativ
ity. Neurotransmitters and Epilepsy is inscribed to these men as a mark
of our respect and affection.
Acknowledgment
The editors would like to thank each of the chapter authors
for their contributions since without their work this book would
not have been possible. We are grateful to Mr. Thomas Lanigan
for giving us the opportunity to edit a book on this topic. In addi
tion, we are deeply indebted to Wendee Higa and Annette Sher
man for their unstinting efforts during the editorial process. The
participation of Ms. Donna Birkhahn in preparing the index is
greatly appreciated. Finally, we thank our wives, Susie and Marilyn,
for their encouragement and understanding during the prepara
tion of this book.
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI
Neurotransmitter Systems and Epilepsy:
An Overview
John W. Dailey and Phillip C. Jobe
1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Epilepsy-Prone Mice: Genetically Determined
Sound-lnduced Seizures
A. G. Chapman and B. S. Meldrum
1. Epilepsy-Prone Mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2. Sound-Induced Seizures in Mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. Genetic Studies: Recombinant Inbred Strains . . . . . . . . 11
4. Biochemical Sturlies: General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1. Glucose Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2. ATPases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3. Thyroid Hormone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.4. Pyridoxine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.5. Metals: Zinc, Magnesium, Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5. Biochemical Studies: Neurotransmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.1. Endogenaus Levels of Excitatory and Inhibitory
Neurotransmitter Amino Acids................. 17
5.2. Inhibitory Amino Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.3. Excitatory Amino Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
ix