Table Of Content

|13.10.21-14:34 |13.10.21-14:34 |13.10.21-14:34 Neurosurgical Diseases AnEvidence-BasedApproachtoGuidePractice LeonT.Lai,MBBS,PhD,FRACS AssociateProfessorofNeurologicalSurgery DepartmentofSurgery MonashUniversity; HeadofCerebrovascularSurgeryandSkullBaseNeurosurgeon DepartmentofNeurosurgery MonashHealth Melbourne,Australia CristianGragnaniello,MD,PhD AssistantProfessorofNeurologicalSurgery DepartmentofNeurologicalSurgery UniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratSanAntonio SanAntonio,Texas,USA 149illustrations Thieme NewYork(cid:129)Stuttgart(cid:129)Delhi(cid:129)RiodeJaneiro |13.10.21-14:34 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available Importantnote:Medicineisanever-changingscienceundergoing withthepublisher. continual development. Research and clinical experience are continuallyexpandingourknowledge,inparticularourknowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentionsanydosageorapplication,readersmayrestassuredthat the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledgeatthetimeofproductionofthebook. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guaranteeorresponsibilityonthepartofthepublishersinrespect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary, in consultationwith a physicianor specialist, whether thedosageschedulesmentionedthereinor thecontraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in thepresentbook.Suchexaminationisparticularlyimportantwith drugsthatareeitherrarelyusedorhavebeennewlyreleasedon the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.comontheproductdescriptionpage. Someoftheproductnames,patents,andregistereddesigns referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is notalwaysmadeinthetext.Therefore,theappearanceofaname without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representationbythepublisherthatitisinthepublicdomain. Thiemeaddressespeopleofallgenderidentitiesequally.We encourage our authors to use gender-neutral or gender-equal expressionswhereverthecontextallows. ©2022Thieme.Allrightsreserved. ThiemeMedicalPublishers,Inc. 333SeventhAvenue,18thFloor, NewYork,NY10001,USA +www.thieme.com +18007823488,[email protected] Coverdesign:©Thieme Coverimagesource:Stamp©konstantant/stock.adobe.com, HeadForeground©EricaGuilane-Nachez/stock.adobe.com, Brain©UserAnchetaWisonen.wikipedia, Publicdomain,viaWikimediaCommons, Skull©DiIevaA,LeeJM,CusimanoMD. HandbookofSkullBaseSurgery.1sted.Thieme;2016 TypesettingbyTNQTechnologies,India PrintedinUSAbyKingPrintingCompany,Inc. 54321 This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by ISBN:978-1-68420-051-1 copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s Alsoavailableasane-book: consent,isillegalandliabletoprosecution.Thisappliesinparticular eISBN(PDF):978-1-68420-052-8 tophotostatreproduction,copying,mimeographingorpreparation eISBN(epub):978-1-63853-639-0 ofmicrofilms,andelectronicdataprocessingandstorage. |13.10.21-14:34 Thisbookisdedicatedtoourpatientsandtheirfamilies,whoareourgreatestclinicalteachers. Theyimpartinusthehighsandlowsofneurosurgeryandtheimportanceofhumilityineveryday practice. Toourmentors,whohavepouredsomuchintousandmadeusseehope. LeonT.Lai,MBBS,PhD,FRACS CristianGragnaniello,MD,PhD |13.10.21-14:34 |13.10.21-14:34 Contents Foreword ................................................................................. xv Preface ................................................................................... xvi Acknowledgments ....................................................................... xvii Contributors ............................................................................. xviii 1. NaturalHistoryandManagementOptionsofRecurrentGlioblastoma..................... 1 BenjaminH.M.HunnandKatharineJ.Drummond 1.1 Introduction.............................. 1 1.5 TreatmentOptionsforRecurrent Glioblastoma............................. 4 1.2 SelectedPapersontheNaturalHistoryof RecurrentGlioblastoma ................... 1 1.5.1 RepeatSurgery............................ 5 1.5.2 FurtherRadiotherapy....................... 6 1.3 TheNaturalHistoryofRecurrent 1.5.3 FurtherChemotherapy ..................... 6 Glioblastoma ............................. 2 1.6 Authors’Recommendations............... 6 1.4 SelectedPapersontheTreatmentOutcomes ofRecurrentGlioblastoma................. 4 2. NaturalHistoryandManagementOptionsofUnrupturedBrainArteriovenous Malformation..................................................................................... 8 MichaelKerinMorgan 2.1 Introduction.............................. 8 2.4 TreatmentOptionsforUnrupturedBrain AVM..................................... 12 2.2 SelectedPapersontheNaturalHistoryof UnrupturedbAVM ........................ 8 2.4.1 Embolization.............................. 14 2.4.2 Radiosurgery.............................. 14 2.2.1 ComparingFutureRiskofICHforUnruptured 2.4.3 SurgerywithorwithoutPlannedPreoperative bAVM..................................... 9 Embolization.............................. 15 2.2.2 FactorsthatImpactontheRiskofFirstICH..... 10 2.4.4 ResultsofSurgery.......................... 19 2.2.3 TheExpectedOutcomefrombAVMICH ....... 11 2.4.5 CombinedTreatment....................... 20 2.2.4 UnderstandingtheCauseforICHAssociated 2.4.6 ConclusionRegardingTreatment............. 20 withbAVM................................ 11 2.3 SelectedPapersontheTreatmentOptions forUnrupturedBrainAVM................. 12 3. NaturalHistoryandSurgicalManagementofSpontaneousIntracerebralHemorrhage.. 25 JonathanRychenandDavidBervini 3.1 Introduction.............................. 25 3.4 NaturalHistoryofSpontaneous SupratentorialICH........................ 28 3.2 SelectedPapersontheNaturalHistoryof SpontaneousICHs......................... 25 3.5 NaturalHistoryofSpontaneous InfratentorialICH......................... 29 3.3 NaturalHistoryofSpontaneous ICHs...................................... 26 3.6 SelectedPapersonSurgicalManagementof SpontaneousICHs ........................ 29 vii |13.10.21-14:34 Contents 3.7 SurgicalManagementOptionsfor 3.11 MedicalManagementofSpontaneousICH.. 31 SpontaneousICHs ........................ 29 3.12 Authors’Recommendations................ 32 3.8 SurgicalManagementofSpontaneous SupratentorialICH........................ 30 3.12.1 MedicalManagementofSpontaneous ICH....................................... 32 3.9 SurgicalManagementofSpontaneous 3.12.2 ManagementofSupratentorialHemorrhage.... 32 InfratentorialICH......................... 31 3.12.3 ManagementofInfratentorialHemorrhage..... 32 3.12.4 ManagementofIntraventricularHemorrhage... 32 3.10 SurgicalManagementforSpontaneousICH AssociatedwithIntraventricular Hemorrhage ............................. 31 4. NaturalHistoryandManagementOptionsofPinealCyst .................................... 35 MichaelJ.MulcahyandBehzadEftekhar 4.1 Introduction.............................. 35 4.4 SelectedPapersontheTreatmentOptions forPinealCyst ............................ 37 4.2 SelectedPapersontheNaturalHistoryof PinealCyst............................... 36 4.5 TreatmentOptionsforPinealCysts......... 37 4.3 NaturalHistory........................... 36 4.6 Authors’Recommendations................ 37 5. NaturalHistoryandManagementOptionsofColloidCysts.................................. 40 AntheaH.O’Neill,CristianGragnaniello,andLeonT.Lai 5.1 Introduction.............................. 40 5.5 SelectedPapersontheTreatmentOutcomes ofColloidCysts............................ 42 5.2 SelectedPapersontheNaturalHistoryof ColloidCysts ............................. 40 5.6 TreatmentOptions........................ 42 5.3 NaturalHistoryofColloidCysts............ 40 5.7 Authors’Recommendations................ 43 5.4 PredictingtheRiskofSuddenDeath....... 42 6. NaturalHistoryandManagementOptionsofVestibularSchwannomas.................... 46 JordanJones,AndrewH.Kaye,andAndrewMorokoff 6.1 Introduction.............................. 46 6.5 Treatment ................................ 48 6.2 SelectedPapersonNaturalHistory ........ 46 6.5.1 Microsurgery .............................. 48 6.5.2 StereotacticRadiosurgery.................... 49 6.3 NaturalHistory........................... 47 6.5.3 MicrosurgeryandStereotacticRadiosurgery.... 50 6.5.4 NeurofibromatosisType2.................... 50 6.3.1 RateofGrowth ............................ 47 6.3.2 RiskFactorsforGrowth..................... 47 6.6 Authors’Recommendations................ 50 6.3.3 GrowthinNeurofibromatosisType2Vestibular Schwannomas............................. 48 6.4 SelectedPapersonTreatment............. 48 7. NaturalHistoryandManagementOptionsofAcromegaly................................... 53 MendelCastle-KirszbaumandTonyGoldschlager 7.1 Introduction.............................. 53 7.2 Pathology ................................ 53 viii