Neurosurgery Knowledge Update : A Comprehensive Review PDF
Preview Neurosurgery Knowledge Update : A Comprehensive Review
Neurosurgery Knowledge Update A Comprehensive Review Robert E. Harbaugh, MD, FAANS, FACS, FAHA Director, Institute of the Neurosciences Distinguished Professor and Chair, Department of Neurosurgery Professor, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, Pennsylvania Christopher Shaffrey, MD, FAANS John A. Jane Professor of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia William T. Couldwell, MD, PhD, FAANS Professor and Chairman Department of Neurological Surgery Joseph J. Yager Endowed Chair Professor of Otolaryngology Department of Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Mitchel S. Berger, MD, FACS, FAANS Berthold and Belle N. Guggenhime Professor Chairman, Department of Neurological Surgery Director, Brain Tumor Research Center University of California–San Francisco San Francisco, California 422 illustrations Thieme New York • Stuttgart • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro Executive Editor: Timothy Hiscock Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science Managing Editor: Sarah E. Landis undergoing continual development. Research and clinical Director, Editorial Services: Mary Jo Casey experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in Editorial Assistant: Nikole Connors particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug Production Editor: Kenneth L. Chumbley therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or appli- International Production Director: Andreas Schabert cation, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, Vice President, Editorial and E-Product and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such Development: Vera Spillner references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at International Marketing Director: Fiona Henderson the time of production of the book. International Sales Director: Louisa Turrell Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express Director of Sales, North America: Mike Roseman any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the pub- Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer: lishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of Sarah Vanderbilt applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to President: Brian D. Scanlan examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompany- ing each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage sche- dules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated Neurosurgery knowledge update : a comprehensive review by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in / [edited by] Robert E. Harbaugh, Christopher Shaffrey, Wil- the present book. Such examination is particularly impor- liam T. Couldwell, Mitchel S. Berger. tant with drugs that are either rarely used or have been p. ; cm. newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or ISBN 978-1-62623-036-1 (alk. paper) every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own I. Harbaugh, Robert E., editor. II. Shaffrey, Christopher I., risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request editor. III. Couldwell, William T., editor. IV. Berger, every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or Mitchel S., editor inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after [DNLM: 1. Neurosurgical Procedures—Problems and Exer- publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on cises. WL 18.2] the product description page. RD593 Some of the product names, patents, and registered 617.4′80076—dc23 designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trade- 2015008781 marks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary © 2015 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher Thieme Publishers New York that it is in the public domain. 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany +49 [0]711 8931 421, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio de Janeiro, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Argentina Building 16th floor, Ala A, 228 Praia do Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 22250-040 Brazil +55 21 3736-3631 Cover design: Thieme Publishing Group This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected Typesetting: Prairie Papers by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization Printer: Everbest Printing Co. Ltd. outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation with- out the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecu- Printed in China 5 4 3 2 1 tion. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, trans- ISBN 978-1-62623-036-1 lating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data pro- cessing and storage. Also available as an e-book: eISBN 978-1-62623-037-8 To all neurosurgical patients—past, present, and future. v Contents Continuing Medical Education Credit Information and Objectives xvii Continuing Medical Education Disclosure Information xviii Foreword xxvi Richard G. Ellenbogen and Vincent C. Traynelis Preface xxvii Contributors xxviii I Cerebrovascular Editors: Adnan H. Siddiqui and Bernard R. Bendok A Neurovascular Anatomy (Imaging, Anatomy, and Clinical Correlation) 1 Anterior Circulation Vascular Anatomy and Stroke Syndromes 5 Mandy J. Binning and Erol Veznedaroglu 2 Posterior Circulation Vascular Anatomy and Stroke Syndromes 12 Robert F. James, John J. Delaney, and Lacey B. Martin 3 Cranial Venous Anatomy and Clinical Correlation 20 Aditya S. Pandey, Joseph J. Gemmete, B. Gregory Thompson, and Neeraj Chaudhary 4 Spinal Vascular Anatomy and Clinical Correlation 24 Michael C. Hurley 5 Extracranial Head and Neck Vascular Anatomy and Clinical Correlation 31 Pedro Aguilar-Salinas, Ramon Navarro, Benjamin L. Brown, and Rabih G. Tawk B Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 6 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Workup and Diagnosis 39 Michael Cohen, Pinakin Jethwa, Charles J. Prestigiacomo, and Chirag D. Gandhi 7 Intensive Care Unit Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 44 Carlos A. David 8 Cerebral Vasospasm 49 Andrew J. Ringer 9 Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Indications for Microsurgery 54 Jason A. Ellis and E. Sander Connolly Jr. 10 Ruptured Aneurysms: Indications for Endovascular Treatment 59 vi Christopher Paul Kellner and Sean D. Lavine Contents vii C Unruptured Aneurysm 11 Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Natural History 65 Brian P. Walcott, Christoper J. Stapleton, Ajith J. Thomas, and Christopher S. Ogilvy 12 Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Microsurgical Treatment 71 Kim L. Rickert and H. Hunt Batjer III 13 Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Endovascular Treatment 76 M. Reid Gooch and Alan S. Boulos D Atherosclerotic Disease 14 Asymptomatic Carotid Disease 89 Jonathon Cooke, Scott D. Simon, and Robert E. Harbaugh 15 Symptomatic Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis 94 Paul D. Ackerman and Christopher M. Loftus 16 Extracranial Carotid Stenosis: Stent Indications 99 Adnan H. Siddiqui and Maxim Mokin 17 Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Medical and Interventional Management 103 Pascal Jabbour, Mario Zanaty, Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, and Robert H. Rosenwasser 18 Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Indications for Surgical Revascularization 110 Ziad A. Hage and Fady T. Charbel E Moyamoya 19 Moyamoya Disease in Adults 119 Eric J. Arias and Gregory J. Zipfel 20 Moyamoya Disease in Children 125 Edward R. Smith F Dissections 21 Extracranial Traumatic Dissections 133 Jonathan A. White 22 Extracranial Spontaneous Dissections 137 Babu G. Welch and Darlene King 23 Intracranial Hemorrhagic Dissections 142 Rafael Uribe Cardenas, Gustavo Pradilla, and Daniel L. Barrow G Vascular Malformations 24 Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 149 Issam Awad and Melissa Stamates 25 Natural History of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations 155 Kevin M. Cockroft 26 Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations 161 Najib El Tecle, Rami James N. Aoun, Samer G. Zammar, Youssef J. Hamade, and Bernard R. Bendok 27 Developmental Venous Anomaly 168 Rohan Chitale, Pascal Jabbour, Robert H. Rosenwasser, and Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris viii Contents H Fistulas 28 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula 173 Cain Green, Edward Duckworth, Daniel Hoit, and Adam Arthur 29 Spinal Dural Fistula and Arteriovenous Malformation 177 Sam Safavi-Abbasi and Peter Nakaji 30 Carotid Cavernous Fistulas 187 Min S. Park, Matthew R. Sanborn, Cameron G. McDougall, and Felipe C. Albuquerque 31 Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation (VGAM) 193 Ali Shaibani I Ischemic Stroke 32 Intravenous Revascularization for Acute Stroke 201 Brian L. Hoh 33 Endovascular Revascularization for Acute Stroke 208 Elad I. Levy and Maxim Mokin 34 Decompressive Craniectomy for Malignant MCA Infarct 213 Andrew P. Gard and Daniel L. Surdell 35 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis 218 Raymond Turner 36 Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage: Correction of Coagulopathy 224 Arun Paul Amar 37 Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage 229 Thomas Ostergard and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 38 Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage 235 Zaid A. Hage and Sepideh Amin-Hanjani 39 Intraventricular Hemorrhage 241 Rose Du J Vasculitis 40 Temporal Arteritis 247 Joseph G. Adel 41 Intracranial Vasculitis 251 Lacey B. Martin, Steven C. Nunns, and Robert F. James II Functional Neurosurgery: Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Chronic Pain Editors: Joseph Neimat, Julie G. Pilitsis, and Jason M. Schwalb A Epilepsy 42 Patient Selection for Epilepsy Surgery in Adults 263 Rushna P. Ali, Vibhangini S. Wasade, Ellen L. Air, and Jason M. Schwalb 43 Epilepsy Surgery 269 Akshitkumar M. Mistry and Joseph Neimat
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