Table Of Content

Neurosurgery Case Review: Questions and Answers 2nd Edition Remi Nader, MD, CM, FRCSC, FACS, FAANS Hosam Al-Jehani, MSc, FRCSC Founder and President Assistant Professor and Consultant Texas Center for Neurosciences and Department of Neurosurgery, Interventional International Center for Neuroscience Neuroradiology, and Neurocritical Care Houston, Texas; King Fahd Hospital of the University Adjunct Clinical Professor Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Department of Neurosurgery Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia; University of Texas Medical Branch Director Galveston, Texas Neurosciences service line EP-1 cluster Abdulrahman J. Sabbagh, MBChB, FRCSC Dammam, Saudi Arabia Assistant Professor and Consultant Neurosurgeon, Epilepsy Surgeon, and Jaime Gasco, MD, FAANS, FEBNS Pediatric Neurosurgeon Neurosurgeon Neurosurgery Section; Department of Neurosurgery Assistant Chairman for Research and University Medical Center of El Paso Higher Education El Paso, Texas Department of Surgery College of Medicine; Cristian Gragnaniello, MD, PhD, MSurg, Head of Research and Development MAdvSurg, FICS Clinical Skill and Simulation Center Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery King Abdulaziz University Department of Neurological Surgery Jeddah, Saudi Arabia University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois Samer K. Elbabaa, MD, FAANS, FAAP, FACS Chief of Pediatric Neurosurgery and Director Section Editor (Intracranial Pathology: Leon Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Tumors) Excellence Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar, MD Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children; Neurosurgery Resident Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurological Surgery College of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center University of Central Florida Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Orlando, Florida 760 illustrations Thieme New York • Stuttgart • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing from the publisher continual development. Research and clinical experience are con- tinually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. 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This applies in particular Also available as an e-book: to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing, preparation of eISBN 978-1-62623-199-3 microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. This book is dedicated to... All neurosurgery students and trainees around the world whom we ask that they do their very best to master neurosurgical knowledge and skills to help their patients. -Editors To my wife Irish and my parents Joseph and Eleonore. -Remi Nader Dedicated to my parents, my better half Alaa, our children, and my siblings -Abdulrahman J. Sabbagh To my wife Dina, for her everlasting patience and unwavering support, and to my children Kamal and Natalie, for touching my heart everyday and making it all worthwhile! To all my pediatric neurosurgical patients I have had the honor to serve, for teaching me resilience and making the impossible possible everyday! -Samer K. Elbabaa To my wife Khuloud and my daughters Dana and Jumana for their unconditional support. To my parents Nahla and Maher for instilling in me the principle of endurance. To my neurosurgical residents and fellows, for making every day a learning experience. And finally to my neurosurgical patients, from whom we garner our experience based on mutual trust and respect. -Hosam Al-Jehani To my wife Lina, brother Luis, and parents Vicente and Maria Teresa. To them I owe everything. -Jaime Gasco To my mother Anna and my wife Katie, the steady forces in my life that kept me going when I could have stopped. To my Boss, Sergey, who taught me more than just technical wonders. -Cristian Gragnaniello Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii Section I Intracranial Pathology: Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar Case 1 Vestibular Schwannoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Burak Sade and Joung H. Lee Case 2 Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Rihaf Algain, Mohammed Saeed Bafaqeeh, Remi Nader, and Ali Alwadei Case 3 Sturge–Weber Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Faisal Al-Otaibi and Remi Nader Case 4 Von Hippel–Lindau Disease—Hemangioblastoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Sami Obaid, Ramez Malak, and Robert A. Moumdjian Case 5 Parasagittal Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Nirmeen Zagzoog and Almunder Algird Case 6 Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Mazda K. Turel, Naif M. Alotaibi, and Fred Gentili Case 7 Olfactory Groove Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Lissa Marie Peeling, Stephano Chang, and Stephen J. Hentschel Case 8 Sphenoid Wing Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Abdulmajeed Alahmari, Mahmoud AlYamany, Mohammed Saeed Bafaqeeh, Remi Nader, and Ehtesham Ghani Case 9 Hemangiopericytoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Burak Sade and Joung H. Lee Case 10 Anterior Clinoidal Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Imad N. Kanaan Case 11 Velum Interpositum Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Michel W. Bojanowski and Denis Klironomos Case 12 Pituitary Apoplexy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Michel W. Bojanowski and Denis Klironomos Case 13 Secreting Pituitary Lesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Mohammed Alghamdi, Diana Ghinda, and Fahad AlKherayf Case 14 Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Michael S. Taccone, Hubert Lee, John Woulfe, and Fahad AlKherayf Case 15 Craniopharyngioma: Endoscopic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Daniel M. Prevedello, Amin B. Kassam, André Beer-Furlan, and Ricardo L. Carrau Case 16 Glioma—Surgical Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Mariam Alrashid, Khalid Bajunaid, and Kevin Petrecca vii Contents Case 17 Glioma—Epigenetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Mariam Alrashid, Khalid Bajunaid, and Kevin Petrecca Case 18 Eloquent Cortex Low-Grade Glioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Ahmad I. Lary, Remi Nader, and Rolando Del Maestro Case 19 Brain Metastasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Franz L. Ricklefs and Ennio Antonio Chiocca Case 20 Meningeal Carcinomatosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Ramez Malak and Robert A. Moumdjian Case 21 Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar, Randy L. Jensen, and William T. Couldwell Case 22 Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Burak Sade and Joung H. Lee Case 23 Orbital Tumor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Michel Lacroix Case 24 Multiple Ring-Enhancing Cerebral Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Roberto Rafael Herrera, José Luis Ledesma, Héctor P. Rojas, Kevin Petrecca, Rolando Del Maestro, and Francisco Sanz Case 25 Paraganglioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar and Ossama Al-Mefty Case 26 Colloid Cyst of the Third Ventricle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Ahmed Alaqeel, Albert M. Isaacs, and Mark G. Hamilton Case 27 Central Neurocytoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Turki Elarjani, Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar, Nazer Qureshi, Mohammad Almubaslat, and Abdulrahman J. Sabbagh Case 28 Clival Chordoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar and Gary L. Gallia Case 29 Petrous Apex Tumor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Marc-Elie Nader, Shaan M. Raza, Franco DeMonte, Remi Nader, and Paul W. Gidley Case 30 Intracranial Chondrosarcoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Mohamed A. Labib, Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar, Abdul Haseeb Naeem, Mohammed Saeed Bafaqeeh, and Peter Nakaji Section II Intracranial Pathology: Vascular Neurosurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Case 31 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Nancy McLaughlin and Michel W. Bojanowski Case 32 Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Badih Daou, Pascal M. Jabbour, and Erol Veznedaroglu Case 33 Supratentorial Cavernous Angioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Julius July and Eka Julianta Wahjoepramono Case 34 Brainstem Vascular Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Filippo Gagliardi, Alfio Spina, Michele Bailo, Cristian Gragnaniello, Alberto L. Gallotti, Anthony J. Caputy, and Pietro Mortini Case 35 Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Jason S. Goldberg, Cristian Gragnaniello, Anthony J. Caputy, and Donald C. Shields Case 36 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Vasospasm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Qasim Al Hinai, Claude-Edouard Châtillon, David Sinclair, and Denis Sirhan viii