Neurosecretion and Neuroendocrine Activity: Evolution, Structure and Function

421 Pages·1978·14.71 MB·English

by  Wolfgang Bargmann, Andreas Oksche, Andrey Polenov, Berta Scharrer (auth.), Professor Dr. W. Bargmann, Professor Dr. A. Oksche, Professor Dr. A. L. Polenov, Professor Dr. B. Scharrer (eds.)

Neurosecretion and Neuroendocrine Activity (Ed.by BARGMANN et al.)
Contribution: POLENOV, Evolutionary Basis of the General Principle
of Neuroendocrine Regulation. Interaction of Peptide and Monoamine
Neurohormones in a Dual Control Mechanism
Addendum
Figure legends have had to be included separately, due to postal
difficulties with the U.S.S.R. during production.
Fig. la-f. Different NSC types (genealogical lines) and their interrelations
wi th the 3rd ventricle or its recesses (1) and distribution of the synaptic appa-
ratus of NSC. Note bipolar ependymal (a-c), multipolar neuronal (e, f) type
NSC and transitional (d) form of NSC, and ciliary receptor apparatus (2) on
terminal parts of dendrites making contact with CSF and on surface of NSC
perikarya (p. 16)
Fig. 2. Structure of brain of Amphioxus larva (according to BOEKE, 1908).
1 eye, 2 infundibular organ, 3 ventricle of brain, 4 medullary canal,
5 neuropore (p. 16)
Fig. 3a-f. Various interrelations between axonal terminals and dendrites of
peptidergic (cJ.a:r.k) and monoaminergic (stippled) NSC and capillaries, glan-
dular cells and 3rd ventricle. (a) In median eminence neurosecretory axonal
contacts (1) with capillaries (2) that continue into portal vein (3) from
which capillaries of AP originate (4); (b) axo-adenar indirect simple (1)
and direct synaptoid (2) contacts in proadenohypophysis and mesoadenohypo-
physis of Teleostei; (c) simple axo-adenar contacts with connective tissue
layer (1) and basement membrane (2) and synaptoid contacts (3) in IL;
(d) in PP axo-vasal contact (1) with capillary (2) of general circulation (3)
entered also by capillaries from adrenal medulla (4); (e) dendro-ventricular
contacts (1); (f) axo-ventricular contacts (1). Arrows indicate pathways of
neurohormones: blaak: peptide, stippled: monoamine, double: both neuro-
hormones (p. 17)
Fig. 4. Two tentative stages of evolution of hypothalamo-hypophysial neuro-
secretory complex (b, c), NSC and their synaptic apparatus, and Amphioxus
infundibular organ (a). Note peptidergic "Gomori-positive"(l), "Gomori-
negative"(2), monoaminergic (3), ependymal type NSC and peptidergic "Gomori-
positive" (4), "Gomori-negative" (5), and monoaminergic neuronal type NSC,
axo-vasal contact terminals of NSC with capillaries of ventral meninx (7),
with surface of primitive median eminence (8) and inside of it (9), with
capillaries localized on the border of IL and PP (10) and inside of the
latter (11); simple indirect axo-adenar contacts with cells of IL separated
by connective tissue septum (12) and one basement membrane (13), direct
axo-adenar synaptoid contacts (14); dendro-ventricular (15) and axo-ventri-
cular (16) contacts with cavity of 3rd ventricle and its recesses; capillaries
draining neurosecretory centers (17); residual cavity of hypophysis (18),
AP (19); double arrows (20) show means of communication (dual control) by
peptide and monoamine neurohormones on AP via portal blood flow (p. 18)
Fig. 5. General principle of dual neuroendocrine control of visceral organ func-
tions and possible ways of neuroconductive regulation of functions of neurosecre-
tory and chromaffin cells (neuro-endocrine reflex arc). (1) peptidergic "Gomori-
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978
positive" NSC, (2) peptidergic "Gomori-negative" NSC, (3) monoaminergic NSC,
(4) median eminence with fiber terminals of "Gomori-positive" and "Gomori-
negative" peptidergic and monoaminergic NSC; (5) PP with terminals of peptid-
ergic "Gomori-positive" fiber, (6) terminals of peptidergic and adrenergic
fibers in IL and (7) in tuberal part of AP, (8) main part of AP, (9) double
arrow showing influence of peptide adenohypophysiotropic neurohormones
and monoamines on AP via portal bloodstream. (10) optic chiasm, (11)
exteroceptor (retina), (12) afferent pathway from retina, (13) inter-
neuron of optic pathway in corpora quadrigemina, (14) pathway from optic
center to monoaminergic centers of brain stem, (15) monoaminergic neurons of
brain stem, (16) adrenergic pathways to hypothalamic NSC of various types,
(17) monoaminergic pathways to interneurons of hypothalamus, (18) neurons
of medial hypothalamus (for example, dorsomedial nucleus), (19) neuron of
anterior hypothalamus (for instance, suprachiasmatic nucleus), (20) pathways
to various types of NSC and hypothalamic neurons from suprahypothalamic areas
of brain (for instance from limbic system). (21) neuron of brain stem projec-
ting to vegetative centers of spinal cord, (22) vegetative preganglionic neuron
'of spinal cord, (23) vegetative postganglionic neuron that innervates adrenal
medulla, (24) chromaffin cell, (25) interoceptor, (26) afferent neuron of
spinal ganglion, (27) interneuron of afferent pathway from spinal cord,
(28) pathway of viscerotropic neurohormones fromPP via general circulation -
paraadenohypophysial pathway of peptide neurohormones (black arrow), (29) in-
fluence of tropic hormones of AP (light arrow) on: (30) thyroid gland (TH),
(31) adrenal cortex (ACTH), (32) Langerhans islets (STH) , (33) ovary (FSH,
LH, LTH), (34) entry of catecholamines of suprarenal gland into general cir-
culation (stippled arrow); (35) main vessel of general circulation, (36) in-
fluence of viscerotropic peptide and catecholamine neurohormones on visceral
organs (double arrow), (37) blood vessel, (38) kidney (for example, effect of
ADH), (39) uterus, and (40) different peripheral endocrine glands: solid lines
indicate well known interneuronal pathways, c~oss hatched: hypothetical path-
ways, small arrows show direction of nerve impulse (p. 21)
Fig. 6. Evolution of neuroendocrine reflex and general principle of neuroendo-
crine regulation (modified diagram of E. and B.SCHARRER, 1963). Receptor-
secretory cell (1), receptor cell (2), NSC (3), neurohaemalorgan (4), neurons
of analyzing centers (5). Solid dots: phylogenetically ancient direct pathways
of neurohormonal influence on target-organs (6), light ai~ales: indirect path-
ways of neurohormonal influence via peripheral endocrine glands (7) and en-
ai~aled small dots: indirect pathways of neurohormonal influence via central
endocrine glands (8) (p. 23)
Errata
Page Line Instead of Should read
17 1 (Fig. 3a) (Fig. 3e)
18 13 (Figs. 3d,4b) (Figs. 3c,4b)
19 16 (Figs. lc,f,4c) (Figs. le,f,4c)
22 37 (Konstantinova, 1977; (Konstantinova, 1978;
22 46 of the EP of the AP
23 27 (Fig. 6) (Fig. 5)
24 6 3d,f,4b,c 3e,f,4b,c
24 8 and 32 Konstantinova, 1977) . Konstantinova, 1978) •
24 47 "every day life", "every day life",
at such ... and at such . ..
26 21 Konstantinova, 1977) • Konstantinova, 1978).
27 18 neuroendocrine relations neuro-endocrine relations
Neurosecretion
and Neuroendocrine Activity
Evolution, Structure and Function
Proceedings of the
VIIth International Symposium on Neurosecretion
Leningrad, August 15-21, 1976
Edited by
W Bargmann, Kiel; A. Oksche, Giessen;
A. Polenov, Leningrad; B. Scharrer, New York
With 168 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978
Professor Dr. W. BARGMANN
Anatomisches Institut der Universitat
2300 Kiel/FRG
Professor Dr. A. OKSCHE
Zentrum flir Anatomie und Cytobiologie
der Justus Liebig-Universitat
6300 Giessen/FRG
Professor Dr. A. L. POLENOV
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology
and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR
Leningrad/USSR
Professor Dr. B. SCHARRER
Department of Anatomy
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York 10461/USA
ISBN-I3: 978-3-642-66887-6 e-ISBN-I3: 978-3-642-66885-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-66885-2
Library of Congress Cataloging in PublicatIon Data. International Symposium on Neurosecretion, 7th, Lenin-
grad, 1976. Neurosecretion and neuroendocrine actIvity. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Neuroendo-
crinology-Congresses. 2. Neurosecretion-Congresses. 3. Nervous system-Evolution-Congresses. I. Bargmann,
Wolfgang, 1906-. II. Title. QP356.4.I59.1976a. 591.1'88. 78-5861.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1978.
Softcover reprint of tire hardcover 1st edition 1978
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific
statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
Offsetpnnting and bookbinding: Briihlsche Universitatsdruckerei, Lahn-Giessen.
2127/3130-543210
The VIIth International Symposium on Neurosecretion took place in the Conference Hall
of the Academy of Sciences in Leningrad, August 1976, under the direction of Prof
Andrey Polenov (Leningrad). The meeting was held under the auspices of
Scientific Council in the Combined Problems of Physiology of Man and Animals
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry
Pavlov Institute of Physiology
Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute
Zhdanov State University of Leningrad
All-Union Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists
This volume contains the abstracts and speeches given at the meeting, but these are not
printed in the sequence they were actually given. Acknowledgment is made to Dr. Morris
(Oxford), Prof. J. Priedkalns (Adelaide), and Dr. R. Snipes (Giessen) jor editorial review
of the texts. Dr. B. Krisch (Kiel) was responsible for compiling the index. The editors
are grateful to Springer-Verlag (Berlin Heidelberg New York) for their careful conside-
ration in the publishing of this volume.
Contents
Mathias Thomsen 1896-1976. In memoriam
Opening Remarks
A. L • POLENOV ••.•.........................................•. 3
Evolutionary Aspects of Neuroendocrinology
Current Concepts on the Evolution of the Neurosecretory
Neuron
B . SCHARRER •..•........................................•... 9
Evolutionary Basis of the General Principle of Neuroendo-
crine Regulation. Interaction of Peptide and Monoamine
Neurohormones in a Dual Control Mechanism
A.L. POLENOV (With 6 Figures) ...........•.................. 15
Molecular Evolution of Neurohypophyseal Hormones and
Neurophysins
R. ACHER (With 6 Figures) ......•.....•..•.................. 31
Morphofunctional Evolution of the Neurohemal Regions of the
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System
M.A. BELENKY (With 2 Figures) ..............•............... 44
Monoaminergic Structures Within the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal
Complex in the Phylogenesis of Vertebrates
M.S. KONSTANTINOVA (With 1 Figure) ......................... 52
Evolution of the Neurosecretory System in Crustacea
E.E. KULAKOVSKI •........................................... 56
Neurosecretion and Evolution of the Visceral Nervous System
in Insects
V.J.A. NOVAK and I.B. MUSKa (With 4 Figures and 1 Plate) 58
Pattern of Neuroendocrine Cell Complexes (Subunits) in
Hypothalamic Nuclei: Neurobiological and Phylogenetic
Concepts
A. OKSCHE (With 3 Figures) .................•............... 64
Evolution of Peri sympathetic Organs and Insect Phylogeny
A. PROVANSAL and J. P. GRILLOT •....•.......•................ 72
VIII
Ontogenesis of Neurosecretory Systems
Correlation Between Synthesis and Release of CRF D~ing
Stress at Different Periods of Rat Postnatal Ontogenesis
I.A. DRJEVEZKAJA, L.K. KARAULOVA, A.M. KOROVINA,
S.S. MOLDOVANOVA, and O.A. DANILOVA •..•••........••....••• 75
Time of Cell Origin in Mouse Supraoptic Nucleus
N.D. GRACHEVA and O.A. DANILOVA (With 4 Figures) 79
Effect of Extirpation of the Cervical Sympathetic Ganglia
on Development of the Neurosecretory Peptidergic and Parvo-
cellular Nuclei of Rat Hypothalamus During Postnatal
Ontogenesis
L.M. LEPEKHINA •........••.•.............•.•.••.•.......... 85
Hypothalamic Control of the Development of Endocrine
Functions in the Human Fetus
S.E. LEVINA (With 3 Figures) ..........................•... 86
Hypothalamic Control of Glucocorticoid Activity.
The Adrenal Gland of the Fetal Rat
M.S. MITSKEVICH and O.N. RUMYANTSEVA (With 2 Figures) 91
Morphofunctional Characteristics of the Hypothalamo-
Hypophyseal Neurosecretory System (HHNS) in Round Goby,
Gobius melanostomus Pallas, in Early Ontogenesis
E.B. MOISEYEVA •..•....•..........................•..•.•... 95
Embryonization of Development and Differentiation of the
Neurosecretory System in Insect Embryogenesis
E . N. POLIVANOVA .•..•.••....•....•..•..........•........... 96
Nuclear Volume Changes in Cells of the Nucleus arcuatus (NA)
During Prenatal Development in Man
S. V. VLADIMIROV ....•...........•......•.•..•...•.......... 97
Investigations on the Development of the Hypothalamo-
Hypophyseal Neurosecretory System During Ontogenesis in the
Chick, Gallus gallus L.
H. WAND-KABISCH and H. LUPPA (With 8 Figures) ......•...•.. 98
Regularities in the Development of Nucleus praeopticus (Np)
in Acipenseridae
I. V. YAKOVLEVA and N. A. EFIMOVA •.........•..•............. 101
Structure and Function of Neurosecretory Systems in the
Brain of Vertebrates
Neurosecretion in Vertebrates
G. STERBA •••......••••.•.....•..•••......•.............•.. 107
Fat Ingestion as a Stimulus of Vasopressin (ADH) Release
JU .0. ABELSON .•..•..••............•..••.............•..•.. 109
IX
Comparative Light- and Electron-Microscopic Investigations
of Neurosecretory Cells
A. ABRAHAM and A. STAMMER ••.••••...•...•.•.•..••.•.•••.... 110
Extravascular Spaces in the Pituitary of Teleostei Revealed
by Use of Horseradish Peroxidase
M. ABRAHAM, M. KIESELSTEIN, and S. LISSON-BEGON
(With 7 Figures) •.••.•..•..•..•.••......••••.....••..•..•• 111
Some Neuroendocrine Aspects of Tanycyte Histophysiology
I.G. AKMAYEV, O.V. FIDELINA, A.P. POPOV, and I.F. EGOROVA
(With 3 Figures) .•..•..•...•••..•.•......•..........•..... 114
Adrenergic Regulation of Hypothalamic Neurosecretory
Functions
B. V. ALE SHIN ..•..•...••.•.........••..••....•.........•••. 117
Fine Organization of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum in Neuro-
secretory Axons of Rat Neurohypophysis
G. ALONSO, A. RAMBOURG, and I. ASSENMACHER •........••.••• 122
Effects of Different Salinities on the Neurohypophysis and
Blood Osmolarity in Aeipenser ruthenus L.
YU . V. ALTUFYEV and G. F. METALLOV ...•••..••...•..•....•..•. 123
Effects of Indomethacin on the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal
Neurosecretory System
V.I. ARHIPENKO, L.V. GERBILSKY, L.F. KOS, T.K. TRUDOVA, and
V. K. STOBETSKAYA ...••.•..............••......•........•... 1 24
Functional Morphology of the Peptidergic Hypothalamo-
Hypophyseal Neurosecretory System of Rat in Postnatal Onto-
genesis After Exposure to Aromatic Hydrocarbons
G. Z. BAKHTIZINA ..•.•..••........•..•........•......•...... 125
Pituitary Gonadotropic Activity and Ovarian Function After
Deafferentation of the Mediobasal Hypothalamus (MBH) in the
Rat
V.G. BARANOV, O.N. SAVCHENKO, M.V. PROPP, O.A. DANILOVA,
L.N. MASLOVA, and G.S. STEPANOV ................••......•.. 126
Median Eminence (ME) of Hypophysectomized Rats: Structure
and Ultrastructure ••
M.A. BELENKY and N. BOGDANOVIC-STO~IC ....•..•..........•.. 128
The Supraoptico-Hypophyseal Neurosecretory System, Plasma
Antidiuretic Activity, and Concentrating Ability of Kidneys
in the Desert Rodent Big Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus)
M.A. BELIKOVA, L.N. IVANOVA, N.N. MELIDI, N.I. NASLEDOVA,
and M. N. YURISOVA ••..•...•.....••........•..•..•.•......•. 129
Ultrestructure of the Nucleus arcuatus (NARC) in Normal
and Hypophysectomized Rats
N. BOGDANOVIC-STOSIC, M.A. BELENKY, and A.L. POLENOV .•.... 130
x
Functional Morphology of the Neurohormonal System
in Myocardial Infarction
N • K. BOGDANOVITSCH •••.••.••......•.•.•••••.....•........•. 1 31
The Functional Morphology of the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal
Neurosecretory System (HHNS) After Direct and Reflex
Stimulation of the Hypothalamus in Cats
E.A. BORISOVA and S.I. TEPLOV ..•..•..•..•.•.••••...•.••.•. 132
Ultrastructural Changes in the Hypothalamus and Neurohypo-
physis of Rats After Chronic Morphine Treatment
J.W. BOROWICZ, A. DANIELEWICZ-KOTOWICZ, and B. GAJKOWSKA •. 133
Granulolysis, a Possible Intracellular Regulatory Mechanism
of Neurosecretion in the Hypothalamo-Posthypophyseal System
of the Rat
J .A. BOUDIER and D. PICARD .••.....•..•.•.........••...•... 134
Immunohistochemistry of the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal
System in the Common Spiny Mouse, Acomys cahirinus
M. CASTEL and J. HOCHMAN (With 3 Figures) ...•••..••..•..•• 135
Induced Spawning of Clarias batrachus (Linn) Using Clomid,
and Observations on the Consequential Resulting Histo-
chemical Changes Exhibited by the Nucleus lateralis tuberis
(NLT) , Pituitary Cyanophils, and Caudal Neurosecretory
Neurons
K. CHANDRASEKHAR and C. VISWANATHA RAO ...•........•....... 138
Role of the Preoptic Recess Ependyma in the Formation and
Physiologic Regeneration of the Nucleus praeopticus in
Amphibians
V.K. CHETVERUKHIN (With 5 Figures) ..•........•............ 145
Adrenergic Mechanisms in the Hypothalamic Regulation of
Pituitary Thyrotropic Function
S.I. CHUPRINOVA, G.I. KHARAG, V.V. MAMINA, and B.V. ALESHIN 152
Efferent Projections from the Preoptic Area in the
Hypothalamus
S. DAIKOKU, H. MATSUMURA, and Y. SHINOHARA (With 1 Figure) 153
Classical ("Gomori-positive") Neurosecretory System in the
Rat After Isolation of the Medial Basal Hypothalamus and
Adrenalectomy
O.A. DANILOVA (With 4 Figures) ....•........•.•.........•.. 157
Age- and Sex-Dependent Biotransformation of Androgens in
the Pituitary, Pineal Gland, and Arcuate Nucleus of the
Hypothalamus of Rats
W.G. DEGTIAR, S.A. PAVLINOV, L.A. LOSEVA, and
W. A. I SACHENKOV •......•.....•.......•.......•....•........ 1 62
Experimental Studies of the Dynamics of Herring Bodies.
Ultrastructure of Axon Dilatations Developing at the Site
of Compression or Transection of Neurosecretory Axons in
the Grass Frog Rana pipiens
H.-D. DELLMANN and J.R. CARITHERS (With 3 Figures) •...•... 163