Neuropsychology and the Law

310 Pages·1991·6.33 MB·English

by  Francis J. Pirozzolo, Janice Funk, Jane Dywan (auth.), Jane Dywan Ph.D., Ronald D. Kaplan Ph.D., Francis J. Pirozzolo (eds.)

SPRINGER SERIES IN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Harry A. Whitaker, Series Editor
Springer Series in Neuropsychology
Harry A. Whitaker, Series Editor
Phonological Processes and Brain Mechanisms
H.A. Whitaker (Ed.)
Contemporary Reviews in Neuropsychology
H.A. Whitaker (Ed.)
Neuropsychological Studies of Nonfocal Brain Damage:
Dementia and Trauma
H.A. Whitaker (Ed.)
Linguistic Analyses of Aphasic Language
W.U. Dressler and J.A. Stark (Eds.)
Synesthesia: A Union of the Senses
R.E. Cytowic
Discourse Ability and Brain Damage: Theoretical and
Empirical Perspectives
Y. Joanette and H.H. Brownell (Eds.)
Morphology, Phonology, and Aphasia
J.-L. Nespoulous and P. Villiard (Eds.)
Cognitive Microgenesis: A Neuropsychological Perspective
R.E. Hanlon (Ed.)
Neuropsychology and the Law
J. Dywan, R.D. Kaplan, and FJ. Pirozzolo (Eds.)
Jane Dywan Ronald D. Kaplan
Francis J. Pirozzolo
Editors
Neuropsychology and
the Law
With 11 Illustrations
Springer-Verlag
New York Berlin Heidelberg London
Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona
Jane Dywan, Ph.D. Ronald D. Kaplan, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology Head, Psychology Services
Brock University McMaster University Medical Center
St. Catharines, Ontario Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals
Canada L2S 3Al and
and Department of Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Health Sciences
Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University
McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton, Ontario Canada L8N 3Z5
Canada L8N 3Z5
Francis J. Pirozzolo
Department of Neurology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, TX 77030, USA
Neuropsychology and the law/Jane Dywan, Ronald D. Kaplan, Francis
Pirozzolo, editors.
p. cm.-(Springer series in neuropsychology)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13:978-1-4612-7798-9 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4612-3106-6
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3106-6
1. Forensic neuropsychology. 2. Clinical neuropsychology.
I. Dywan, Jane. II. Kaplan, Ronald D. III. Pirozzolo, Francis J.
IV. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Head Injuries-diagnosis. 2. Jurisprudence.
3. Neurologic Examination. 4. Neuropsychological Tests. WL 141
N4937]
RA1147.5.N48 1991
614' .1-dc20
DNLMIDLC
for Library of Congress 91-4618
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc., except Chapter 4, © 1989 Swets & Zeitlinger bv,
The Netherlands.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991
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98765 432 1
ISBN -13: 978-1-4612-7798-9
Contents
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Chapter 1 Neuropsychology and Its Applications to the
Legal Forum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FRANCIS J. PIROZZOLO, JANICE FUNK, and JANE DYWAN
Mental Illness Versus Incompetency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Competence Versus Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Scientific Basis of Neuropsychology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Nature of Science and the Needs of the Court. . . . . . . . . 8
The Psychometric Methods of Neuropsychology . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The Neuropsychological Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chapter 2 Minor Head Injury and the
Post-Concussive Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
NILS R. VARNEY and JANET SMITH SHEPHERD
The Importance of Interviewing Collaterals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Some Special Considerations Regarding Assessment
of Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Frontal Lobe Tests .................................... 28
Anosmia and Parosmia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Dichotic Listening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. . . . . . . . . . 33
Psychodiagnostic Assessment ........................... 34
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
End Notes............................................ 36
Chapter 3 Workers' Compensation and Clinical
Neuropsychological Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ANTONIO E. PUENTE and JAMES B. GILLESPIE, JR.
v
vi Contents
Workers' Compensation and Neuropsychological
Information .......................................... 39
Role of Clinical Neuropsychology in Workers'
Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Chapter 4 Assessing the Neuropsychological Abilities of Children
and Adolescents for Personal Injury Litigation. . . . . . . 64
MAUREEN DENNIS
Neuropsychologists and Personal Injury Litigation. . . . . . . . . 65
Existence of Neuropsychological Impairments. . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Consequences of Neuropsychological Impairments. . . . . . . . . 79
Causes of Neuropsychological Impairments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Issues Unique to Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Chapter 5 The Assessment of Competency in the Older Adult. . . 93
JANE DYWAN, GABE J. MALETIA, and
FRANCIS J. PIRozzOLO
Normal Aging ........................................ 95
Diseases and Disorders ................................ 105
Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Chapter 6 Legal Applications of Electrophysiological
Assessments .................................... 135
DIANA FISHBEIN and ROBERT W. THATCHER
Quantitative Measures of Brain Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Assessment Needs in Litigation Proceedings .............. 139
Further Applications for Electrophysiological Data. . . . . . . . 149
Obstacles and Precautions in the Use of
Electrophysiological Data .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Chapter 7 The Use of Neuroimaging Techniques in Brain Injury 164
RUBEN C. GUR and RAQUEL E. GUR
Techniques ............................ '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Regional Brain Function and Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
A Method for Integrating Behavioral and
Neuroimaging Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Present Limitations and Future Steps .................... 177
Implications for Legal Practices ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Conclusions .......................................... 182
Chapter 8 The Problems of Prognosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
BRYAN D. FANTIEand BRYAN KOLB
Contents vii
Epidemiology of Brain Trauma ......................... 187
The Relevance of the Animal Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Neural Responses to Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Mechanisms Associated with Neurological Recovery. . . . . . . 192
The Problem of Localization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Focal Versus Diffuse Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Variables Affecting Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Situations in which Further Deterioration can be Expected. . 220
Prognostic Strategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Chapter 9 Can Competencies be Retrained? A Critical Appraisal
of Cognitive Rehabilitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
CATHERINE A. MATEER and ALISON MARY WEBER
Cognitive Competency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Cognitive Incompetency and Rehabilitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Contextual Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Evaluating Cognitive Rehabilitation: General Issues ....... 242
Can Cognitive Competencies be Retrained? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Rehabilitation and Psychosocial Problems ................ 252
Overall Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation. . . . . . . . . . 254
Conclusions .......................................... 257
Chapter 10 Developing Legislation and the Concept of Disability 262
RONALD D. KAPLAN
Outdated Concepts and Their Implications: The Case of
No Fault Automobile Insurance in Ontario ............... 262
The Tort System with No Fault Add On in Ontario ........ 262
History of the Debate on Automobile Insurance in Ontario 263
The Disability Assessment Model ....................... 268
From the Rehab Setting to the Neuropsychological/
Legal Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Contributors
MAUREEN DENNIS, PH.D. Department of Psychology, The Hospital for
Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
BRYAN D. FANTIE Neuropsychology Laboratory, Psychology Depart
ment, The American University, Washington, DC 20016, and Laboratory
of Psychology and Psychopathology, National Institute of Mental Health,
Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
DIANA FISHBEIN, PH.D. Department of Criminal Justice, University of
Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201 and Department of Health and Human
Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center,
Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
JANICE L. FUNK, PH.D. The Health Law Program, School of Public
Health, Science Center, University of Texas Health Center, Houston, TX
77030, USA
JAMES B. GILLESPIE, JR., J.D. Licensed Practicing Attorney,
Wilmington, NC 28401, USA
RAQUEL E. GUR, M.D., PH.D. Brain Behavior Laboratory and the
Neuropsychiatry Program, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, P A 19104, USA
RUBEN C. GUR, PH.D. Brain Behavior Laboratory and the
Neuropsychiatry Program, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
BRYAN KOLB Psychology Department, University of Lethbridge,
Lethbridge, Alberta, TlK 3M4, Canada
GABE J. MALETTA, PH.D., M.D. Director, Geriatric Research,
Education and Clinical Center, V.A. Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN,
and Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, UniversitYcof Minnesota
Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
ix
x Contributors
CATHERINE A. MATEER, PH.D. Good Samaritan Hospital, Puyallup, WA
98372, USA
ANTONIO E. PUENTE, PH.D. Department of Psychology, University of
North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
JANET SMITH SHEPHERD, PH.D. Psychology Service, V.A. Medical
Center, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
ROBERT W. THATCHER, PH.D. Research Scientist, Severna Park, MD
21146, USA
NILS R. VARNEY, PH.D. Psychology Service, V.A. Medical Center,
Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
ALISON MARY WEBER, PH.D. Presbyterian Brain Injury Programs,
Presbyterian Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA