Neuropeptide Technology: Gene Expression and Neuropeptide Receptors PDF
Preview Neuropeptide Technology: Gene Expression and Neuropeptide Receptors
Methods in Neurosciences Edited by P. Michael Conn Department of Pharmacology The University of Iowa College of Medicine Iowa City, Iowa Volume 5 Neuropeptide Technology: Gene Expression and Neuropeptide Receptors ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto Front cover photograph (paperback edition only): Model of gonadotropin-releasing hormone viewed from the perspective of its receptor. Image rendered using Sybyl molecular modeling software (Tripos Associated, St. Louis, MO) on a 4D120GTX workstation (Silicon Graphics, Mountain View, CA) at the University of Iowa Image Analysis Facility. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ COPYRIGHT © 1991 BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. San Diego, California 92101 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX Library of Congress Catalog Number: 1043-9471 ISBN: 0-12-185259-8 (Hardcover) (alk. paper) ISBN: 0-12-185260-1 (Paperback) (alk. paper) PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 91 92 93 94 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors to Volume 5 Article numbers are in parentheses following the names of contributors. Affiliations listed are current. GAIL K. ADLER (4), Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 NAMBI AIYAR (11), Department of Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406 F. A. ANTONI (16), MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, University Department of Pharmacology, Edinburgh, EH8 9J2, Scotland TAMAS BARTFAI (15), Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, University of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden JEAN-CLAUDE BEAUJOUAN, (17), Neuropharmacologie, College de France, INSERM U114, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France KATARINA BEDECS (15), Department of Pharmacology, University of Penn sylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 M. BERSANI (1), Institute of Medical Physiology C, The Pannum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark MARTHA A. BOSCH (6), Department of Physiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201 ALLAN R. BRASIER (7), Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Massa chusetts General Hospital, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 CHRISTINE BUCHARLES (33), Groupe de Recherche en Endocrinologie Mole- culaire, Universite de Rouen, CNRS URA650, 76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France LAURA B. CAMPOLITO (24), Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 JOELLE CHABRY (13), Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 06560 Valbonne, France IX X CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 5 S. E. CHADIO (16), Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, Agricultural University of Athens, IERA odos 75, Athens, 11855 Greece RAYMOND S. L. CHANG (30), Department of New Lead Pharmacology, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 JULIE A. CHOWEN (9), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Univer sity of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 JEAN CHRISTOPHE (18), Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Univer site Libre de Bruxelles, Medical School, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium DONALD K. CLIFTON (9), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uni versity of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 STANLEY T. CROOKE (11), ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California 92008 A. J. CROSS (29), Astra Neuroscience Research Unit, London, WC1N 1PJ, England ERROL B. DE SOUZA (32), E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Medical Products Department, Experimental Station, E400/4352, Wilmington, Dela ware 19880 MONIKA DIETL (17), Neuropharmacologie, College de France, INSERM U114, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France ROGER P. DILTS (31), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Caro lina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27858 S. DION (22), Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas, Medical School, Houston, Texas 77225 ISABELLE DUBUS (2), INSERM Unite 127, Höpital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France J. M. FELIX (10), Institut de Physiologie, Universite Louis Pasteur, F67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France R. FERNANDEZ-DURANGO (28), Diabetes Unit, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Faculty of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain GILBERTO FISONE (15), Department of Pharmacology, University of Penn sylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 STEVEN J. FLUHARTY (12), Department of Pharmacology, School of Veteri nary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 5 XI JACQUES GLOWINSKI (17), Neuropharmacologie, College de France, INSERM U114, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France BRUNO GONZALEZ (33), Groupe de Recherche en Endocrinologie Mole- culaire, Universite de Rouen, CNRS URA 650, 76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France DENIS GOSSEN (18), Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Medical School, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium DIMITRI E. GRIGORIADIS (32), E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Medical Products Department, Experimental Station, E400/4352, Wil mington, Delaware 19880 J. GUTKOWSKA (28), Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Laboratory of the Biochemistry of Hypertension, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada J. J. HOLST (1), Institute of Medical Physiology C, The Pannum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark ROBERT T. JENSEN (27), Digestive Disorders Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 NORMAN W. KASTING (19), Department of Physiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada MARTIN J. KELLY (6), Department of Physiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201 M. A. RAVI KIRON (12), Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, The New York Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021 ELLEN E. LADENHEIM (27), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sci ences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Mary land 21205 TUT LAND (15), Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 ÜLO LANGEL (15), Department of Biochemistry, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia F. M. LAURENT-HUCK (10), Institut de Physiologie, Universite Louis Pas teur, F67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France SUSAN F. LAW (14), Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylva nia School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Xll CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 5 STEPHANIE L. LEE (3), Division of Endocrinology, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 PHILIPPE LEROUX (33), Groupe de Recherche en Endocrinologie Molecu- laire, Universite de Rouen, CNRS URA650 76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan Ce- dex, France VICTOR J. LOTTI (30), Department of New Lead Pharmacology, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 JOHN E. MAGGIO (26), Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 JOSEPH A. MAJZOUB (4), Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospi tal, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 PATRICK W. MANTYH (20, 26), Molecular Neurobiology Lab, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417 and Department of Psychiatry, Uni versity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 JEAN-MICHEL MARTIN (14), Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvani 19104 JEAN MAZELLA (13), Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 06560 Valbonne, France JAMES MCQUEEN (21), Medical Research Council, Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Gil 6NT, Scotland JEAN-JACQUES MERCADIER (2), INSERM Unite 127, Höpital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France ANASUYA MITRA (12), Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, The New York Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021 TIMOTHY H. MORAN (27), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sci ences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Mary land 21205 PONNAL NAMBI (11), Department of Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406 BARRY R. NAYLOR (6), Department of Physiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201 PIERRE NICOLAS (25), Laboratoire de Bioactivation des Peptide, Institut Jacques Monod, Universite Paris 7, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 5 xiii M. SUE O'DORISIO (24), Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 MICHAEL P. OSBER (23), Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 JOHN M. PAWELEK (23), Department of Dermatology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 FRANCOIS ΡΕΤΠΈΤ (17), Neuropharmacologie, College de France, INSERM U114, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France D. REGOLI (22), Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Quebec, Canada TERRY REISINE (14), Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsyl vania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 STEPHANIE RENS-DOMIANO (14), Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 PATRICK ROBBERECHT (18), Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Uni- versite Libre de Bruxelles, Medical School, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium DAVID RON (7), Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 OLINE K. RÖNNEKLEIV (6), Department of Physiology, Oregon Health Sci ences University, Portland, Oregon 97201 N. ROUISSI (22), Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Quebec, Canada MONIQUE SAFFROY (17), Neuropharmacologie, College de France, INSERM U114, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France YUTAKA SEINO (5), Division of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan PETER F. SEMPLE (21), Medical Research Council, Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Gil 6NT, Scotland KEVIN A. SEVARINO (3), Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06508 P. SLATER (29), Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Man chester, Manchester M13 9PT, England XIV CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 5 RICHARD L. SOFFER (12), Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, The New York Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021 ROBERT A. STEINER (9), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Univer sity of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 MARY E. SUNDAY (8), Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115 MICHAL SVOBODA (18), Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Univer site Libre de Bruxelles, Medical School, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium YVETTE TORRENS (17), Neuropharmacologie, College de France, INSERM U114, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France HUBERT VAUDRY (33), Groupe de Recherche en Endocrinologie Molecu- laire, Universite de Rouen, CNRS URA650, 76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France STEVEN R. VIGNA (20, 26), Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 JEAN-PIERRE VINCENT (13), Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellu- laire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 06560 Valbonne, France GAIL D. WENGER (24), Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 MARSHALL F. WILKINSON (19), Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4NI HIDEKI YANO (5), Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan NICOLE ZSÜRGER (13), Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 06560 Valbonne, France Preface Perhaps no other area in the neurosciences has blossomed to the extent of neuropeptide technology. The new approaches that allow rapid isolation and sequencing and the availability of procedures for the synthesis of neuropep- tides have led to major advances in our understanding of the neuropeptides and of the genes that encode them and their receptors. Every effort has been made to provide representative examples of the useful techniques that have made this area a productive component of the neurosciences. Procedures and the tools of assay useful for the identification, purification, and quantification of neuropeptides and their receptors are presented in Volumes 5 and 6 as is information needed for the synthesis of neuropeptides and for the study of the in vivo enzymes associated with their synthesis and degradation. Because of its relevance to this area of research, a substantial amount of molecular biological methodology has been included. Whenever possible, special techniques and preparations of general appli cability have been described. Methods are presented in a fashion that can easily be adapted to other systems. The authors have provided substantial comparative information and cross-references to facilitate efforts to do so. The goal of these volumes—and of this series—is to provide in one source a view of contemporary techniques significant to a particular branch of the neurosciences, information which will prove invaluable not only to the expe rienced researcher but to the student as well. Although this will, of neces sity, lead to the inclusion of some archival material, the authors have been encouraged to present information that has not yet been published, to com pare (in a way not found in most publications) different approaches to similar problems, and to provide tables that direct the reader, in a systematic fash ion, to earlier literature and as an efficient means to summarize data. Flow diagrams and summary charts will guide the reader through the processes described. The nature of this series permits the presentation of methods in fine detail, revealing the ς'tricks" and shortcuts that frequently do not appear in the literature owing to space limitations. Lengthy operating instructions for common equipment will not be included except in cases of unusual applica tion. I wish to express my appreciation to the staff at Academic Press for their energetic enthusiasm and efficient coordination of production. Appreciation is also expressed to the contributors, particularly for meeting their deadlines for the prompt and timely publication of these volumes. P. MICHAEL CONN XV Methods in Neurosciences Edited by P. Michael Conn Volume 1 Gene Probes Volume 2 Cell Culture Volume 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Microscopy Volume 4 Electrophysiology and Microinjection Volume 5 Neuropeptide Technology: Gene Expression and Neuropeptide Receptors Volume 6 Neuropeptide Technology: Synthesis, Assay, Purification, and Processing (in preparation) Volume 7 Lesions and Transplantation (in preparation) xvn
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