Neurohumoral and Metabolic Aspects of Injury: Proceeding of the IUPS Satellite Symposium held August 3–7, 1971, in Budapest, Hungary PDF
Preview Neurohumoral and Metabolic Aspects of Injury: Proceeding of the IUPS Satellite Symposium held August 3–7, 1971, in Budapest, Hungary
Neurohumoral and Metabolic Aspects of In jury ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: Nathan Back Chairman, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York N. R. Di Luzio Chairman, Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana Alfred Gellhorn University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Bernard Halpern College de France, Director of the Institute 0/ Immuno.Biology, Paris, France Ephraim Katchalski Department of Biophysics, The Weizmann Institute 0/ Science, Rehovoth,lsrael David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Abel Lajtha New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction, Ward's Island, New York Rodolfo Paoletti Institute 0/ Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy. University 0/ Milan, Milan, Italy Volume 1 THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and R. Paoletti· 1967 Volume 2 PHARMACOLOGY OF HORMONAL POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS Edited by N. Back, L. Martini, and R. Paoletti· 1968 Volume 3 (;ERM·FREE BIOLOGY: Experimental and Clinil'al Aspects Edited by E. A. Mirand and N. Back· 1969 Volume 4 DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM Edited by W. L. Holmes, L. A. Carlson, and R. Paoletti· 1969 Volume 5 LYMPHATIC TISSUE AND GERMINAL CENTERS IN IMMUNE RESPONSE Edited by L. Fiore·Donati and M. G. Hanna, Jr .• 1969 Volume 6 RED CELL METABOLISM AND FUNCTION Edited by George J. Brewer· 1970 Volume 7 SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Edited by Martin Blank· 1970 Volume 8 BRADYKININ AND RELATED KININS: Cardiovascular, Biochemical, and Neural Actions Edited by F. Sicuteri, M. Rocha e Silva, and N. Back· 1970 Volume 9 SHOCK: Biochemical, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects Edited by A. Bertelli and N. Back· 1970 Volume 10 THE HUMAN TESTIS Edited by E. Rosemberg and C. A. Paulsen· 1970 Volume II MUSCLE METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE Edited by B. Pernow and B. Saltin • 1971 Volume 12 MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNITY Edited by K. Lindahl.Kiessling, G. AIm, and M. G. Hanna, Jr. • 1971 Volume 13 CHEMISTRY AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Edited by R. Paoletti and A. N. Davison' 1971 Volume 14 MEMBRANE·BOUND ENZYMES Edited by G. Porcellati and F. di Jeso • 1971 Volume 15 THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND IMMUNE PHENOMENA Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and K. Flemming· 1971 Volume 16A THE ARTERY AND THE PROCESS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: Pathogenesis Edited by Stewart Wolf, 1971 Volume 16B THE ARTERY AND THE PROCESS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: .Measurement and Modification Edited by Stewart Woll • 1971 Volume 17 CONTROL OF RENIN SECRETION Edited by Tatiana A. Assaykeen • 1972 Volume 18 THE DYNAMICS OF MERISTEM CELL POPULATIONS Edited by Morton W. Miller and Charles C. Kuehnert. 1972 Volume 19 SPHINGOLIPIDS, SPHINGOLIPIDOSES AND ALLIED DISORDERS Edited by Bruno W. Volk and Stanley M. Aronson. 1972 Volume 20 DRUG ABUSE: Nonmedical Use of Dependence·ProducinJ!; Drugs Edited by Simon Btesh • 1972 Volume 21 V ASOPEPTIDES: Chemistry, Pharmacolol(Y, and Pathophysiology Edited by N. Back and F. Sicuteri • 1972 Volume 22 COMPARATIVE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES Edited by Colin M. Bloor • 1972 Volume 23 THE FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF SHOCK Edited by Lerner B. Hinshaw and Barhara G. Cox. 1972 Volume 24 THE VISUAL SYSTEM: Neurophysiology, Biophysics, and Their Clinical Applications Edited by G. B. Arden - 1972 Volume 25 GLYCOLIPIDS, GLYCOPROTEINS, AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Edited by Vittorio Zambotti, Guido Tettamanti, and Mariagrazia Arrigoni • 1972 Volume 26 PHARMACOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIPID METABOLISM Edited by William L. Holmes, Rodolfo Paoletti, and David Kritchevsky • 1972 Volume 27 DRUGS AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT Edited by M. A. Klingberg, A. Abramovici, and J. Chemke -1973 Volume 28 HEMOGLOBIN AND RED CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Edited by George J. Brewer. 1972 Volume 29 MICROENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNITY Edited by Branislav D. Jankovic and Katarina Isakovic - 1972 Volume 30 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE THYROID GLAND: Relation to Endemic Cretinism Edited by J. B. Stanbury and R. L. Kroc • 1972 Volume 31 IMMUNITY IN VIRAL AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASES Edited by A. Kohn and M. A. Klingberg. 1973 Volume 32 FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Edited by A. N. Davison, P. Mandel, and I. G. Morgan. 1972 Volume 33 NEUROHUMORAL AND METABOLIC ASPECTS OF INJURY Edited by A. G. B. Kovach, H. B. Stoner, and J. J. Spitzer. 1972 Volume 34 PLATELET FUNCTION AND THROMBOSIS: A Review of Methods Edited by P. M. Mannucci and S. Gorini • 1972 Neurohumoral and Metabolic Aspects of Injury Proceedings of the lUPS Satellite Symposium held August 3· 7, 1971, in Budapest, Hungary Edited by Arisztid G. B. Kovach Experimental Research Department Semmelweis Medical University Budapest, Hungary H. B. Stoner MRC Toxicology Unit Medical Research Council Laboratories Carshalton, Surrey, United Kingdom and John J. Spitzer Department of Physiology and Biophysics Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania <:P PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK.LONDON • 1973 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72·93823 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3230-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3228-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3228-2 © 1973 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1973 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, Harlesden, London NW10 6SE. England All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher PREFACE Under the auspices of the International Union of Physiological Sciences, the Federation of Hungarian Medical Societies and the Hungarian Physiological Society a Symposium was organized on the "Neurohumoral and Metabolic Responses to Injury" in Budapest August 3-7, 1971 as a satellite symposium to the XXV Congress of Physiology. The aim of this multidisciplinary Symposium was to concentrate on the neurohumoral and hormonal aspects of the biological response to trauma including resistance and adaptation to injury. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the changes which occur after injury reflect the disturbance of regulatory processes and control mechanisms concerned with the preservation of homeostatic equilib rium. One of the main aims of the Symposium was to consider the effect of injury on control mechanisms. It was thought advisable to include speakers more closely associated with the study of control mechanisms under normal con ditions in order to ensure cross-fertilisation of ideas between the physiological and pathophysiological fields. Recent progress in biochemistry, physiology biophysics and pharmacology has tended to clarify the chain of events that are produced after different stress conditions such as haemorrhage, trauma, burns, bacterial infections, etc. The Symposium gathered together eminent scientists from the various disciplines all focus ing on the questions of the bodily reaction to injury and the development of the irreversible state. The discussion of the problem of shock in a symposium needs multidisciplinary attendance, but the clarification of the problem needs more basic research on the signficant cellular metabolic reactions to trauma and hypoxia. The Symposium provided an excellent setting for discussions both inside and outside the meeting. These could not be included in the report of the proceedings but it is hoped that they will lead to renewed efforts in research into these often neglected, but clinically important, problems. vii viii PREFACE The organising Committee of the Symposium wish to thank the following who supported it with their donations: International Union of Physiological Sciences The Wellcome Trust, U. K. The Medical Commission on Accident Prevention, U. K. Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Hungary Chinoin Pharmaceutical Works, Hungary Coca Cola Export Corporation, Italy EG YT Pharmacochemical Works, Hungary Gebr. Giulini G.M.B.H., German Federal Republic Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., U. K. Lufthansa, German Federal Republic Medicor, Hungary Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden The method of publication used requires that the typescript, figures, etc. are put in a form which can be sent directly to the printers. This has proved not to be the easiest form of publi cation, particularly for a multinational Symposium. The Editors have tried their best to produce some order out of a chaos of typewriters. They were, however, unable to reduce the papers to complete uniformity and the different English usages to be found in the text reflect the variations in those of the Editors and the authors. The Editors excuse is that it gives the reader a taste of the original. An important duty of the Editors is to convey their very sincere gratitude to Mrs. D. Edwards, Mrs. N. P. Brewster, and Mrs. K. Bodolay, who bore the brunt of the secretarial work of this publication and to join with the authors in thanking all those other secretaries who have been concerned with the papers at different stages and without whom the Symposium could not have taken place. Arisztid G. B. Kovach H. B. Stoner John J. Spitzer CONTENTS List of Contributors xvii CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW Control of Organ Blood Flow Following Hemorrhage 1 A. G. B. Kovach, A. Mitsanyi, E. Monos, I. Nyary, and A. Sulyok Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Hemorrhagic Shock in Baboons 19 M. Reivich, A. G. B. Kovach, J. J. Spitzer, and P. Sandor Adrenocortical Blood Supply During Hemorrhage in Dogs 27 E. Monos, A. G. B. Kovach, Z. Aprili, Zs. Suba, and L. Cserenyi Microcirculation and Hypoxia 33 D. W. LUbbers The Microcirculation of Normal and Injured Tissue • 45 Paul C. Johnson Further Experiments on the Role of Phosphate in the Local Regulation of Blood Flow 53 S. M. Hilton Uterine Circulation in Haemorrhage 57 L. Takacs and L. A. Debreczeni ix x CONTENTS Blood Microrheology and the Development of "Stasis" in the Microvasculature After Injury • 65 Holger Schmid-Schtlnbein, E. Volger, H. J. Klose, and J. Weiss Blood Rheology after Hemorrhage and Endotoxin • 75 S. Chien, S. Usami, J. Dellenback, and V. Magazinovic Rheology of Red Cell Suspensions in Experimental Dehydration • 95 F. Torres and L. -E. Gelin FLUID TRANSFER Regulation of Interstitial Fluid Volume and Pressure III Arthur C. Guyton, Aubrey E. Taylor, Harris J. Granger, and W. Harry Gibson Influence of Histamine on Transport of Fluid and Plasma Proteins into Lymph • 119 Eugene M. Renkin and Reginald D. Carter Effect of Vasoconstrictors on Lymph Oxygen Tension in Normo- and Hypovolemia • 133 T. Barankay, S. Nagy, G. Horpacsy, and A. Petri Transvascular Fluid Fluxes During Severe, Prolonged Canine Hemorrhagic or Endotoxin Hypotension 143 George J. Grega and Francis J. Haddy Capillary Filtration Rate in Cat Hind Limb Muscle during Hemorrhage • 149 Susanna Bir6 and A. G. B. Kov~ch HUMORAL INFLUENCES The Adenohypophysial Response to Stress and Its Hypothalamic Control • 157 S. M. McCann, L. Krulich, P. Illner, M. Quijada, K. Ajika, and C. P. Fawcett Thyroid Function after Injury 165 Roger Kirby and Ivan D. A. Johnston
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