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Neurodevelopment, Aging and Cognition Neurodevelopment, Aging and Cognition I vica Kostovic Stevo Knezevic Henryk M. Wisniewski George 1. Spilich Editors Birkhauser Boston • Basel • Berlin Ivica Kostovit Stevo Kne!evit Dept. of Anatomy Dept. of Neurology University of Zagreb University of Zagreb School of Medicine University Hospital Rebro 41000 Zagreb, Croatia 41000 Zagreb, Croatia Henryk M. Wisniewski George 1. Spilich NYS Institute for Basic Research Dept. of Psychology in Developmental Disabilities Washington College Staten Island, NY 10314 Chestertown, MD 21620 USA USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Neurodevelopment, aging, and cognition J edited by Ivica Kostovic ... ret al.). p. cm. Includes bibJiograpbica1 references and index. ISBN-13: 978-14684-6807-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-14684-6805-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6805-2 I. Alzheimer's disease. 2. Developmental neurology. 3. Cognitive neuroscience. 1 Kostovic, lvica, 1943- RC523.N42 1992 92-396 616.8-dc 20 CIP Printed on acid-free paper. @1992 Birkh!iuserBoston. Copyright is not claimed for works of U.S. Government employees. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1992 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any fonn or by any means, electronic, mechanical, pbotocopy ing, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyrigbt owner. Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Birkhliuser Boston for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (Ccq, provided that the base fee of $0.00 per copy, plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, U.S.A. Special requests should be addressed directly to Birkbltuser Boston, 675 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Typeset by ARK Publications, Inc., Newton Centre, MA 987 6 5 4 3 2 I Contents Foreword .............................................. IX Contributors Xl Part I. Ne urodevelopment Developmental Reorganization of the Human Association Cortex during Perinatal and Postnatal Life ............................... 3 Ivica Kostovic, Zdravko Petanjek, Ivana Delalle, and Milos Judas Prenatal Monoaminergic Innervation of the Cerebral Cortex: Differences between Rodents and Primates ............................ 18 B. Berger, C. Verney, and P. S. Goldman-Rakic Ontogenetic Development and Decline of Memory Functions in Nonhuman Primates ................... 37 Jocelyne Bachevalier and Mortimer Mishkin Anoxia and Memory Processes 60 K. Krnjevic and Y. Z. Xu Brain before Cognition: EEG Maturation in Preterm Infants 75 Giovanni Cioni, Enrico Biagioni, and Carlo Cipolloni Mechanisms of Asymmetrical Development of the Human CNS 99 Richard S. Nowakowski Neuroanatomical Bases of Hemispheric Functional Specialization in the Human Brain: Developmental Factors ................................... 112 Sandra F. Witelson vi Contents Part II. Neuroscience Development and Aging in Down's Syndrome ...................................... 141 K. E. Wisniewski and M. Dambska Alzheimer's Disease and the Cerebral Amyloidoses ................................... 157 Thomas M. Wisniewski and Henryk M. Wisniewski Evolution of Cholinergic Cortical Innervation after nbM-Lesioning (An Experimental Alzheimer Model) ....................... 173 Adolfo Toledano Neurodegenerative Changes in Aging and Dementia: A Comparison of Alzheimer and Lewy Body Type Pathology ............................... 199 Elaine K. Perry, Elizabeth Marshall, Anthony Cheng, James A. Edwardson, and Robert H. Perry Cortical Morphological Changes in Dementia ............................................ 215 Heiko Braak and Eva Braak Neuroendocrine Changes in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease ..................................... 227 D. F. Swaab, E. Goudsmit, H. P. H. Kremer, R. Ravid, and W. Witting Part III. Cognitive Science Developing a Memory "Thermometer": A Theoretical Framework and Initial Results ................. 241 G. J. Spilich and Stevo Knezevic Biological Bases of Specific Language Impairment (Developmental Aphasia) 253 Dorothy Bishop Brain/Cognition Relationships: Interpreting the Effects of Focal Brain Damage ..................................... 272 Rita Sloan Berndt Contents vii A Spreading Activation Model of Age-related Deficits in Cognition .......................... 292 Gillian Cohen Memory Changes in Aging ............................... 304 Fergus l. M. Craik Part IV. Clinical Applications CT, MRI, and PET Studies of Hippocampal Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease .............. 323 M.l de Leon, G. Smith, A. E. George, T. McRae, J. Golomb, A. Convit, A. Kluger, W. Tsui, S. H. Ferris, and A. P. Wolf Is Alzheimer's Dementia a Treatable Disease? ..................................... 336 B. Winblad, R. F. Cowburn, C. O'Neill, and C.l Fowler Dementia of the Alzheimer Type Recapitulates Ontogeny Inversely on Specific Ordinal and Temporal Parameters ................... 345 Barry Reisberg, Angela Pattschull-Furlan, Emile Franssen, Steven G. Sclan, Alan Kluger, Louis Dingcong, and Steven H. Ferris Psychopharmacological Aspects of Antidementia Agents .................................. 370 Stephen Curran and Ian Hindmarch Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer's Dementia: A Review .......................... 384 Stevo Kneievic, Nenad Bogdanovic, George Spilich, and Darko Chudy Index ................................................ 395 Foreword It was Oscar Wilde who defined the tragedy of old age by saying that " ... as soon as you are old enough to know better, you don't know anything at all." As improvements in the quality of health care bring about longer life, our attention has turned from the prolonging of life to the maintenance of involvement in life. In developed nations, a full 100% increase in the ranks of the elderly has appeared and with the benefits of this prolongation have come new and greater needs of the elderly cohort. Our interest is in those processes that may lead to dementia among the elderly, for in dementia we see a thief that robs victims of their memories and their place in life. This text was conceived and developed from an international con ference on neurodevelopment, aging, and cognition; the purpose of this conference was to bring together for a few days a group of experts in these fields from around the world to generate a dialog on common themes and unresolved problems. Our hope was that by keeping the meeting small and informal, we could break through barriers of terminology unique to the areas of developmental neurobiology, neuroscience, cognitive sci ence, and clinical medicine, and have a meaningful discussion on pro cesses that affect the biological integrity and cognitive performance of the aging nervous system. The text is organized into four sections based upon a general theme: neurodevelopment, neuroscience, cognitive sci ence, and clinical applications. Our intent was to begin the dialog about dementia from many perspectives; through this text, we hope to carry the conversation to you. Every large undertaking owes its success to many people, and this book owes a debt to many individuals on both sides of the Atlantic. First, the editors, authors, and participants would like to express their appreciation to the Inter-University Centre of Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, whose purpose is to bring scholars together from every corner of the globe to share knowledge in the beautiful and historical environment of the Old City of Dubrovnik. During the preparation of this book, tragic events in Croatia resulted in the destruction of the building in which the IUC was located. The editors dedicate this book to the ideals of the IUC. x Foreword We would also like to thank our sponsors: the national airline of Yugoslavia, JAT airlines; also the three German pharmaceutical firms of Merck, Hoechst, and Schering, along with Pliva pharmaceuticals and Astra Trading in Yugoslavia, for their assistance in sponsoring the con ference. SIZ za znanost, the scientific grant committee for Croatia, also was generous in its support. Mr. Rafael-Rafo Rodin of Razvitak Turist of Metkovic provided expert help with local arrangements and sponsorship of social events. It would not be possible to fully express our appre ciation to the young scientists of the Department of Neuroanatomy at the University of Zagreb who served as the hands of the conference and prevented little logistical problems from developing into big headaches: Nenad Bogdanovic, Darko Chudy, Ivana Delalle, and Milos Judas. Soon after the conference ended on one side of the Atlantic, a pile of manuscripts began to accumulate on the other side and there this book was slowly assembled from files written by no less than a dozen different word processing programs. Our thanks to the computing center at Washington College for technical assistance with the conversion of these files one format into another. Karen Utkewicz converted unscannable text, tables, and charts into a publishable format, and without her secretarial ski1ls all would have been lost. Two people deserve special mention. My research assistant, Dianna Holden, spent an entire summer surrounded by piles of manuscripts. Her good humor, industry, and meticulous work habits made the organization of the many chapters, disks, and original artwork possible as she and I read, scanned, spellchecked, revised, mailed revisions to authors, incorporated revisions into text, and otherwise slowly pushed this text along the road towards you, the reader. Last but certainly not least, Allan Ross and James Doran of Birkhauser Boston were perfect editors. Their counsel carried this project along; somehow they knew exactly when a phone call would generate work-producing guilt and when silence would have the same effect. To all these people, the editors express their appreciation. George Spilich Washington College Chestertown, MD, USA Contributors Jocelyne Bachevalier, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA B. Berger, Pediatrics Building, Hopital Salpetriere, INSERM, Paris, France Rita Sloan Berndt, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Enrico Biagioni, Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pisa, "Stella Maris" Foundation, Pisa, Italy Dorothy Bishop, MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, England CB2 2EF Nenad Bogdanovic, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karoliiiska Institute, Hud dinge University Hospital, S-141 B6 Huddinge, Sweden Eva Braak, Zentrum der Morphologie, Kinikum der 1. W. Goethe Universitat, Theodor Stern Kai 7 D-6000, Frankfurt, Germany Heiko Braak, Zentrum der Morphologie, Kinikum der 1. W. Goethe Universitiit, Theodor Stern Kai 7 D-6000, Frankfurt, Germany Anthony Cheng, MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hos pital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England NE4 68E Darko Chudy, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, Zagreb, Yugoslavia Giovanni Cioni, Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pisa, "Stella Maris" Foundation, Pisa, Italy Carlo Cipolloni, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Gillian Cohen, Human Cognition Research Laboratory, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, England MK7 6AA A. Convit, Nathan S. Kline Psychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychi atry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA R. F. Cowburn, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karoliiiska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Astra Research Centre, Sodertalje, Sweden
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