Neurobiology of the Inner Retina PDF
Preview Neurobiology of the Inner Retina
NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and Kluwer Academic Publishers Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London o Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer-Verlag Systems Sciences Berlin Heidelberg New York G Ecological Sciences London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong H Cell Biology Series H: Cell Biology Vol. 31 The ASI Series Books Published as a Result of Activities of the Special Programme on CELL TO CELL SIGNALS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS This book contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held within the activities of the NATO Special Programme on Cell to Cell Signals in Plants and Animals, running from 1984 to 1989 under the auspices of the NATO Science Committee. The books published as a result of the activities of the Special Programme are: Vol. 1: Biology and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Edited by J.A. Bailey. 1986. Vol. 2: Glial-Neuronal Communication in Development and Regeneration. Edited by H.H. Althaus and W. Seifert. 1987. Vol. 3: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: Structure and Function. Edited by A. Maelicke. 1986. Vol. 4: Recognition in Microbe-Plant Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions. Edited by B. Lugtenberg. 1986. Vol. 5: Mesenchymal-Epithelial Interactions in Neural Development. Edited by J. R. Wolff, J. Sievers, and M. Berry. 1987. Vol. 6: Molecular Mechanisms of Desensitization to Signal Molecules. Edited by T. M. Konijn, P.J. M. Van Haastert, H. Van der Starre, H. Van der Wei, and M. D. Houslay. 1987. Vol. 7: Gangliosides and Modulation of Neuronal Functions. Edited by H. Rahmann. 1987. Vol. 9: Modification of Celi to Celi Signals During Normal and Pathological Aging. Edited by S. Govoni and F Battaini. 1987. Vol. 10: Plant Hormone Receptors. Edited by D. Klambt. 1987. Vol. 11: Host-Parasite Cellular and Molecular Interactions in Protozoal Infections. Edited by K.-P. Chang and D. Snary. 1987. Vol. 12: The Cell Surface in Signal Transduction. Edited by E. Wagner, H. Greppin, and B. Millet. 1987. Vol. 19: Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems. Edited by G. Hertling and H.-C. Spatz. 1988. Vol. 20: Amino Acid Availability and Brain Function in Health and Disease. Edited by G. Huether. 1988. Vol. 21: Cellular and Molecular Basis of Synaptic Transmission. Edited by H. Zimmermann. 1988. Vol. 23: The Semiotics of Cellular Communication in the Immune System. Edited by E. E. Sercarz, F. Celada, N. A. Mitchison, and T. Tada. 1988. Vol. 24: Bacteria, Complement and the Phagocytic Cell. Edited by F. C. Cabello and C. Pruzzo. 1988. Vol. 25: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Nervous System. Edited by F Clementi, C. Gotti, and E. Sher. 1988. Vol. 26: Celi to Celi Signals in Mammalian Development. Edited by S. W. de Laat, J. G. Bluemink, and C. L. Mummery. 1989. Vol. 27: Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis. Edited by A. Graniti, R. D. Durbin, and A. Ballio. 1989. Vol. 31: Neurobiology of the Inner Retina. Edited by R. Weiler and N. N. Osborne. 1989. Neurobiology of the Inner Retina Edited by Reto Weiler Department of Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg PO. Box 2503, 2900 Oldenburg, FRG Neville N. Osborne Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Oxford University Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW, U.K. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Neurobiology of the Inner Retina held in Oldenburg, FRG, from August 8-12, 1988 ISBN-13978-3-642-74151-7 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-74149-4 001 10.1007/978-3-642-74149-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Neurobio logyofthe Inner Retina (1988: Oldenburg, Germany) Neurobiology of the inner retinal edited by Reto Weiler, Neville N. Osborne. p. cm.~(NATO ASI series. Series H, Cell biology; vol. 31) "Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Neurobiology of the Inner Retina held in Oldenburg, FRG, from August 8-12, 1988"~ Tp. verso. "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes index. ISBN-13978-3-642-7 4151-7 (U.S.) 1. Retina~Physiology-Congresses. 2. Retina~Cytochemistry~Congresses. 3. Molecular neurobiology~ Congresses. I. Weiler, Reto, 1947-. II. Osborne, Neville N, III. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scientific Affairs Division, IV. Title. V. Series, [DNLM: 1, Retina~cytology~congresses, 2, Retina~physiology~ congresses. WW 270 N279n 1988] QP479.N361988 612,8'43~dc 20 DNLMIDLC for Library of Congress 89-11323 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights oftranslation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks, Duplication ofthis publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid, Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989 Soft cover reprint of the hardcover 1st edititon 1989 2131/3140-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper PREFACE The relatively simple, stratified nature of the retina and its speci- fied use in the visual process has long made it an inviting tissue to study both for its own sake and as a model for the more complex processes of the brain. For these dual purposes, the retina can be thought of as basically consisting of two functional pans. First, the outer retina, comprised of the photoreceptor cells and attendant pigment epithelium, serves to capture the photic energy and convert it into a neurochemical response. Second, the inner layers of the retina, mainly bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells (and their attendant Maller cells), function more clearly as a typical part of the CNS, transmitting the photic signals to the brain. Between the 8th and 12th of August 1988 more than seventy scientists from allover the world gathered in Oldenburg (Federal Republic of Gennany) for a meeting "The neurobiology of the inner retina" which was devoted entirely to the neural mechanism of the inner synaptic layer of the verte brate retina. The meeting comprised twenty - three separate lectures and four specially arranged discussion groups. In addition, a number of posters were displayed and a period was allotted specifically for the discussion of these posters. The articles contained in this book will serve as a record of the papers delivered at the Oldenburg Meeting and illustrate the advances made in trying to understand the importance of the diversity of amacrine cell morphology and physiology in retinal function. All who attended the meeting agreed that it was an intellectually stimu- 1ating and satisfying event. This was made possible by NA TO who sponsored the advance workshop meeting, and also by the University of Oldenburg who provided the facilities. The meeting highlighted the advances made in our understanding of the functioning of the retina and allowed us to predict and focus on future trends. The personal contacts made will also be to the advan tage of future research! The editors express their sincere thanks to the many people in Oldenburg who gave their time and energy to the organisation of the meeting. We also acknowledge NA TO who was the sole contributor of financial support. Finally, we thank the participants, not only for making the meeting success ful' but also for producing scholarly manuscripts as manifested in the con tents of this book. Neville N. Osborne and Reto Weiler TABLE OF CONTENT B. Ehinger Glutamate as a retinal neurotransmitter 1 R.H. Masland, C. Cassidy The release of acetylcholine and GABA 15 and D.M. O'Malley by neurons of the rabbit retina N.N. Osborne, N.L. Studies on the localization of sero 27 Barnett, H. Ghazi, tonergic neurones and the types of sero A. Calas and M. Maitre tonin receptors in the mammalian retina D.A. Redburn, D.L. The function of multiple subclasses of 41 Friedman and S.C. Massey GABA receptors in rabbit retina R.E. Marc The anatomy of multiple GABAergic and 53 glycinergic pathways in the inner plexiform layer of the goldfish retina J. Nguyen-Legros, C. Savy, Distribution and spatial organization of 65 E. Martin-Martinelli and dopaminergic interplexiform cells in the J. Yelnik rat retina M.J. Neal, J.R. Cunningham Neuronal and glial release of GABA from 77 and M.A. Shah the rat retina S. Yazulla Transmitter-specific synaptic contacts 91 involving mixed rod-cone bipolar cell terminals in goldfish retina A.K. Ball, W.K. Stell Efferent projections to the goldfish 103 and D.A. Tutton retina J. Ammermuller and Correlation between electrophysiological 117 R. Weiler responses and morphological classes of turtle retinal amacrine cells K. Negishi and T. Teranishi Dendritic morphology of a class of 133 interstitial amacrine cells in carp retina H.-J. Wagner How many amacrine cells does a retina 145 need? A comparative analysis of amacrine cell morphology D.l. Vaney, S.P. Collin Dendritic relationships between cholin 157 and H.M. Young ergic amacrine cells and direction selective retinal ganglion cells E.V. Famiglietti Structural organization and development 169 of dorsally-directed (vertical) asymmetrical amacrine cells in rabbit retina M.B.A. Djamgoz, A.J. Capp, Amacrine cells and control of retinal 181 J.C. Low and J.E.G. Downing sensitivity IX M.B.A. Djamgoz and Structure-function correlation: Amacrine 195 S. Vallerga cells of fish and amphibian retinae J.S. McReynolds and Integration of synaptic input from ON 209 P.D. Lukasiewicz and OFF pathways in mudpuppy retinal ganglion cells R.F. Miller, P. Coleman Structure function relationships of 221 and M. Arkin sustained ON ganglion cells of the mud puppy retina R.D. DeVoe, P.L. Carras, Not by ganglion cells alone: 235 M.H. Criswell and Directional selectivity is widespread R.G. Guy in identified cells of the turtle retina H. Wassle, F. Muller, Pharmacological modulation of the dark 247 T. Voigt and M.H. Chun adapted cat retina N. Brecha and C. Sternini Expression of tachykinin peptides in the 261 mammalian retina C.B. Watt and D.M.K. Lam The coexistence of multiple neuroactive 275 substances in the retina I.G. Morgan, T.J. Millar, Functional studies on enkephalin- and 295 I. Ishimoto, M. Boelen, somatostatin-immunoreactive amacrine M. Dowton and I.W. Chubb cells in the chicken retina R. Weiler, U.D. Behrens Physiology, morphology and activity of 311 and J. Ammermuller amacrine cells with glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina H. Ikeda, J. Robbins and Excitatory amino acid receptors on 323 C. Kay feline retinal ganglion cells M.M. Slaughter, S.-H. Bai Desegregation: Bussing of signals 335 and Z.H. Pan through the retinal network A.T. Ishida GABA-activated currents in ganglion 349 cells isolated from goldfish retina N.W. Daw, W.J. Brunken The function of monoamines in the 363 and R.J. Jensen rabbit retina E. Zrenner, P. Dahlheim A role of the angiotensin-renin system 375 and K.-H. Datum for retinal neurotransmission? B.B. Lee Problems posed by primate ganglion cells 389 for functional anatomy and psychophysics F.S. Werblin, G. Maguire Amacrine-bipolar cell interactions 401 and P. Lukasiewicz mediate change detection in the retina of the tiger salamander A. Kaneko, M. Tachibana Membrane currents of retinal bipolar 413 and L.H. Pinto cells: Goldfish vs. mouse x POSTER PRESENTATIONS K. Negishi, S. Kato and Immunocytochemical localization of 425 T. Teranishi protein kinase C in some vertebrate retinas H. Ghazi and N.N. Osborne Muscarinic inhibition of adenyl ate 437 cyclase activity in rabbit retinal cells T.J. Millar and I.G. Morgan Serotonergic cells in the chicken retina 445 A.R. Adolph Peptide and indoleamine modulation of 455 spatial response properties in turtle retinal ganglion cells D.W. Rickman and Morphologies of somatostatin 461 N.C. Brecha immunoreactive neurons in the rabbit retina M.K. Boelen, M. Dowton Enkephalin release and enkephalin 469 and I.W. Chubb precursors in chicken retina G. Glasener and Putative GABAergic ganglion cells in the 475 G. Manteuffel retina of salamandrids: Evidence by immunocytochemistry and electrophysiology? M. Seiler and J.E. Turner Host and graft glial cell activities 481 following retinal transplantation to the adult rat eye S. Dep 1a no Acetylcholinesterase activity and alpha 487 bungarotoxin binding in the inner retina of a marine teleost J.C. Low, M. Yamada Voltage clamp study of amacrine cells 495 and M.B.A. Djamgoz in carp retina K. Kamermans, B.W. van Carp responses of color coded ganglion 503 Dijk and H. Spekreijse cells evoked by current injection into horizontal cells R. Linke Bipolar cells, amacrine cells and 513 ganglion cells in the retina of the Californian slender salamander, Batrachoseps attenuatus (Amphibia, Urodela, Plethodontidae) K. Berg and H. Wolburg Are orthogonal arrays of particles in 519 retinal Muller (glial) cells related to K channels? Subject Index 525 CONTRIBUTORS ADOLPH, A.R. Eye Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, USA AMMERMOLLER, J. Zoolog. Institute, University of Munich, Luisenstr. 14, BOOO Milnchen 2, FRG ARKIN, M. Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota, 6-255 Millard Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA BAI, Sun-Ho. Department of Biophysical Sciences, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA BALL, A.K. Department of Anatomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, LBN 3Z5, CANADA BARNETT, N.L. Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Oxford University, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW, UK BEHRENS, U.D. Department of Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, P.O.Box 2503, 2900 Oldenburg, FRG BERG, K. Institute of Pathology, University of Tilbingen, LiebermeisterstraBe B, 7400 Tilbingen, FRG BOELEN, M.K. Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, AUSTRALIA BRECHA, N.C. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA BRUNKEN, W.J. Department of Biology, Boston College, Boston, MA 02167, USA CALAS, A. Universite de Bordeaux I, Bordeaux, FRANCE CAPP, A.J. Imperial College (University of London), Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Neurobiology Group, London SW7 2BB, UK CARRAS, P.L. School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA CASSIDY, C. Departments of Physiology and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA CHUBB, I.W. Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, AUSTRALIA CHUN, M.H. Department of Neuroanatomy, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstr. 46, 6000 Frankfurt 71, FRG COLEMAN, P. Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota, 6-255 Millard Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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