Neurobiology of Sensory Systems

612 Pages·1989·25.36 MB·English

by  G. A. Horridge (auth.)

Neurobiology of
Sensory Systems
Neurobiology of
Sensory SysteDls
Edited by
R. Naresh Singh
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Bombay, India
and
Nicholas J. Strausfeld
The University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Neurobiology of Sensory Systems (1st: 1988: Velha Goa,
India)
Neurobiology of sensory systems / edited by R. Naresh Singh and Nicholas J.
Strausfeld.
p. cm.
"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Neurobiology of
Sensory Systems, held September 25-30,1988, in Goa, India"—T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-4899-2521-3
1. Senses and sensation —Congresses. 2. Comparative neurobiology —Congresses.
I. Singh, R. Naresh. II. Strausfeld, Nicholas James, 1942- . III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Neurobiology—congresses. 2. Receptors, Sensory—physiology—
congresses. 3. Sense Organs —physiology-congresses. WL 70015908 1988]
QP431.157 1988
591.1/82-dc20
DNLM.DLC 89-22960
for Library of Congress CIP
ISBN 978-1-4899-2521-3 ISBN 978-1-4899-2519-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-2519-0
The cover design is inspired by the hand gestures used to depict the five senses
in the "Kathakali" style of Indian Classical Dance. These are, clockwise from the top:
vision, smell, touch, taste, and hearing.
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Neurobiology
of Sensory Systems, held September 25-30, 1988, in Goa, India
© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1989
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The traveller to India is urged to visit that country's western shore with the
Arabian Sea where, about 300 miles to the south of Bombay, an exceedingly
lovely coast reaches the peak of its harmony at the erstwhile Portuguese enclave
of Goa. The ambience of this alluring province is an exquisite balance of palm
trees and rice fields, aged colonial homes - many still elegant and brightly painted
- slowly being swallowed up by the exuberant tropical vegetation, incredible
blossoms, colorful and courteous people and, deeper inland, some splendid
examples of 17th and 18th century Portuguese ecclesiastical architecture. A feast
for the eyes by day, and in the evening enough fresh fish and other good food to
satisfy the most demanding gourmet. This was the paradisiacal setting for the first
International Conference on the Neural Organization of Sensory Systems
(ICONOSS for short), sponsored jointly by the International Brain Research
Organization (IBRO), the Tata Institute for Fundamental Research at Bombay,
the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India, and the
Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India.
About 100 participants were pleasantly confined at Fort Aguada, a resort
cunningly built amongst the ruins of an old Portuguese fort. The conference
program achieved an international flavor, recruiting scientists from many nations:
India (naturally), Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Finland, France,
Hungary, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States of
America. The subjects discussed were as diverse as the countries represented. And
although the location alone imbued everyone with an irresistible feeling of
collegiality and well-being, what unified the participants was a shared fascination
with how sensory systems are organized and operate. This volume summarizes the
diverse topics discussed, ranging from mechanosensory receptors of spiders to the
mosaic organization of vertebrate photoreceptors, from how crabs view a flat
world with eyes on stalks to how bats perceive a three-dimensional world using
their mouths and ears, from the perception of speech to the perception of what
bits go where in copulating crickets.
A vital function ot any international meeting is to dispose of boundaries that
humankind in its stupidity has erected between cultures. One great value of
scientific pursuit is to provide a common culture through intellectual hybridization.
And so it was at this conference: a meeting that introduced scientists from
different lands to each other and their research. We departed enriched by the
hospitality of our Indian hosts, the beauty of Goa, and by the open and
enthusiastic exchange of ideas. For those that were not there, we hope that this
volume conveys the spirit as well as the substance of this meeting and whets the
appetite for the promise of more to come.
The Editors
v
FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We perceive the world around us through our sensory systems, which function as
the windows of our brain, and on which learning, memory and the whole richness
of experience depend. The senses provide us with the pleasures of life: beauty,
aroma, taste, music and touch. And, too, the pressures and the pain, the
perception of which, in common with other organisms, is crucial to our survival.
The idea of organizing an International Conference on the neurobiology of
sensory systems came to mind about three years ago. Initially, I explored the
possibility of holding the conference at the Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research (TIFR), Bombay. However, after some exploratory efforts, I realized
that the Institute has grown too large and its facilities, like the guest house and
the canteen, would not be able to take on the additional load of such an
international conference.
We then explored places where we could have the conference. The criteria
for selection were (1) living conditions should be good and hygienic and (2) all
the participants should be accommodated on the same campus so that there
would be ample time and opportunity for fruitful and effective interaction at
scientific and personal levels. The younger scientists were more likely to benefit
from the more established ones in such an atmosphere. The choice of the Fort
Aguada Beach Resort and the Taj Holiday Village as the venue of the
Conference was made not only on these criteria but also on the basis of the
happy experience of some of the other members of the TIFR, who had organized
international conferences there earlier.
A potential disadvantage of holding the Conference away from the home
institution and, at a rather luxurious place as well, would have been that not
many participants from within the country would be able to bear the cost of
attending. Happily we were able to support several of them through local
hospitality or reimbursement of travel expenses or both. And I may say that all
who had shown a real interest in the conference were accommodated. This was
made possible through the kind support of the following:
Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bombay
International Brain Research Organization
Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India
Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
Honorable Chief Minister and Government of Goa
Toshniwal Brothers (Bombay) Limited Company
vii
Scientific and Engineering Supply Company, Bombay
The Taj Group of Hotels, India.
I thank all the Members of the International Scientific Advisory Council and
the National Organizing Committee for their keen interest and valuable suggestions
on many occasions. My appreciation goes to the Members of the Local Organizing
Committee for their whole-hearted cooperation. My special thanks are due to M. A.
Parelker, the Administrative Secretary of the Conference, for our many discussions
about the various organizational aspects, and who provided moral support when it was
needed in quite a few anxious moments. Very notable help was rendered by my
colleagues Shubha Shanbag, the Scientific Secretary; Seema Deshpande, the
Treasurer; Veronica Rodrigues; Chetan Premany; and Kusum Singh who besides being
my partner in life has also been an excellent scientific colleague.
For the successful conclusion of any project such as this, one seeks the help of
many people at various times and stages. Usually one encounters three kinds of
individuals: the first are helpful, the second unhelpful. The former give us happiness
and strength to go ahead with the project, while the latter make us more resolute and
determined for its success. However, the overwhelming joy of life comes from meeting
people of another type -- the third kind -- who came to us on their own accord and
offered whatever help they could give. Such were Anindya Sinha, Archana Gayatri,
Shashi Acharya, Vishwas Saranghdar, Rasmi Sood, Rohini Balakrishnan, Cheryl Lobo,
Joyce Fernandes, Raghu Ram, M. M. Kakeri and H. G. Chauhan.
My special thanks are due to the former Editor Lisa Honski and the present
Editor Melanie Yelity, and their colleagues at Plenum Press with whose excellent
cooperation and help the publication of the Proceedings of the Conference has been
expedited in the shortest possible time. I also thank all the authors for their
contributions.
For retyping of certain manuscripts I thank Ms Jennifer Lawrence at the
Division of Neurobiology, Arizona Research Laboratories, University of Arizona, and
for expert language-editing, Dr. Camilla Strausfeld, at the University of Arizona.
The papers presented in this volume have been broadly arranged according to
the subject area: vision -- behavior, systems analysis, development and functional
organization; olfaction, taste and receptor channels; auditory, tactile and nociception. I
hope this volume "Neurobiology of Sensory Systems" will serve as a ready reference to
young and future research workers.
The Convener
R. Naresh Singh
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUROBIOLOGY OF SENSORY SYSTEMS
GOA 19B8
viii
CONTENTS
VISION: Physiology, Functional Organization, Behavior and Developmental Models
Primitive Vision Based on Sensing Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
G.A. Horridge
Pupil Control in Compound Eyes: More than One Mechanism in Moths ..... 17
D.-E. Nilsson, I. Henrekson, and A.C. Jarema
Early Visual Processing in the Compound Eye: Physiology and
Pharmacology of the Retina-Lamina Projection in the Fly ............ 23
R.c. Hardie, Simon Laughlin, and Daniel Osorio
Analysis of Sensory Spike Trains ................................ 43
Hiroko M. Sakai
Signal Coding and Sensory Processing in the Peripheral Retina
of the Compound Eye ..................................... 53
Matti Jarvilehto, Matti Weckstrom, and Eero Kouvalainen
Dynamics of Second-Order Neurons of Cockroach Ocelli ................ 71
Makoto Mizunami
Processing of Movement Information in the Fly's Landing System:
A Behavioral Analysis ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Alexander Borst and Susanne Bahde
Motion Sensitivity in Insect Vision: Roles and
Neural Mechanisms ....................................... 97
M. V. Srinivasan
Response Behaviour of Elementary Movement Detectors
in the Visual System of the Blowfly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 107
R. Bult, F.H. Schuling, and H.A.K. Mastebroek
Spatial Vision in a Flat World: Optical and
Neural Adaptations in Arthropods ............................ 123
J. Zeil, G. Nalbach, and H.-O. Nalbach
ix
Search and Choice in Drosophila ............................... 139
K.G. Gatz
The Evolution of the Tiered Principal Retinae
of Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) 155
A David Blest and David O'Carroll
Developmental Studies on the Optic Lobe of Drosophila
Using Structural Brain Mutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 171
K.F. Fischbach, F. Barleben, U. Boschert, AP.M. Dittrich,
B. Gschwander, B. Hoube, R. Jager, E. Kaltenbach,
RG.P. Ramos, and G. Schlosser
Developmental Genetic and Molecular Analyses of Lethal (1) Ogre,
a Locus Affecting the Postembryonic Development of
the Nervous System in Drosophila melanogaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 195
Douglas R. Kankel, Toshiki Watanabe,
R Naresh Singh, and Kusum Singh
Development and Fine Structure of the Nervous System of
Lethal (1) Optic Ganglion Reduced Visual Mutants of
Drosophila melanogaster .................................. 203
R Naresh Singh, Kusum Singh, and Douglas R Kankel
Critical Developmental Phases in the Ontogeny of Human
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus During Prenatal Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Shashi Wadhwa and Veena Bijlani
In Oculo Differentiation of Embryonic Neocortex
into Retina in Adult Rat .................................. 231
Gomathy Gopinath, Ashok Kumar Shetty,
Ranjita Banerjee, and P.N. Tandon
Axonal Outgrowth and Process Placement of Sensory Lumbar Neurons
in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ....................... 241
Shahid S. Siddiqui
Recent Progress in the Identification of Neurotransmitters
Used by Vertebrate and Invertebrate Photoreceptors ............... 267
P. Vijay Sarthy
Colour Vision and Immunologically Identifiable Photoreceptor Subtypes .... 275
A Szel and Pal Rahlich
Chemical Neuroanatomy of the Insect Visual System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Dick R. Nassel
x
OLFACTION AND TASTE: Comparisons with Other Senses, Anatomy, Physiology,
Genetic Analysis, Ion Channel Models
Insect Vision and Olfaction: Common Design Principles of
Neuronal Organization .................................... 319
N.J. Strausfeld
Identified Glomeruli in the Antennal Lobes of Insects: In variance,
Sexual Variation and Postembryonic Development ................. 355
Jean-Pierre Rospars and Irene Chambille
Drosophila Chemoreceptors .................................... 377
Renee Venard, Claude Antony, and Jean-Marc lallon
The Antennal Glomerulus as a Functional Unit of Odor Coding
in Drosophila melanogaster .................................. 387
Veronica Rodrigues and Ludwin Pinto
Complex Chemical Messages in Drosophila melanogaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Jean-Francois Ferveur, Matthew Cobb, and Jean-Marc lallon
The Isolation of Antennal Mutants and Their Use in
Drosophila Olfactory Genetics ............................... 411
Richard Ayer, Paula Monte, and John Carlson
Isolation of Autosomal Behavioral Mutations in Drosophila ............. 419
Satpal Singh, Maninder J.S. Chopra, Poonam Bhandari,
and Devasis Guha
Projections and Functional Implications of Labellar Neurons
from Individual Sensilla of Drosophila melanogaster ................. 427
Shubha R. Shanbhag and R. Naresh Singh
Cationic Acceptor Sites on the Labellar Chemosensory
Neurons of Drosophila melanogaster ............................ 439
Swati Joshi, Kavita Arora, and Obaid Siddiqi
Drosophila Homologs of Vertebrate Sodium Channel Genes ............. 449
Mani Ramaswami, Ali Lashgari, Mark A. Tanouye
ACOUSTIC PERCEPTION, MECANORECEPTION AND NOCICEPTION
The Functional Organization of the Auditory Brainstem in the
Mustache Bat and Mechanisms for Sound Localization ............. 469
George D. Pollak
xi