Neuro-oncology : the essentials PDF
Preview Neuro-oncology : the essentials
Neuro-Oncology The Essentials 3rd Edition Mark Bernstein, MD, BSc, MHSc, FRCSC The Greg Wilkins-Barrick Chair in International Surgery Professor Department of Surgery, University of Toronto Neurosurgeon, Toronto Western Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada Mitchel S. Berger, MD, FACS, FAANS Berthold and Belle N. Guggenhime Professor Chairman, Department of Neurological Surgery Director, Brain Tumor Research Center University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California With 377 figures Thieme New York • Stuttgart •Delhi •Rio Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Ave. New York, NY 10001 Executive Editor: Kay Conerly Managing Editor: Judith Tomat Editorial Assistant: Haley Paskalides Senior Vice President, Editorial and Electronic Product Development: Cornelia Schulze Production Editor: Barbara A. Chernow International Production Director: Andreas Schabert International Marketing Director: Fiona Henderson Director of Sales, North America: Mike Roseman International Sales Director: Louisa Turrell Vice President, Finance and Accounts: Sarah Vanderbilt President: Brian D. Scanlan Compositor: Carol Pierson, Chernow Editorial Services, Inc. Printer: Sheridan Books Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Neuro-oncology (Bernstein) Neuro-oncology : the essentials / [edited by] Mark Bernstein, Mitchel S. Berger. — Third edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60406-883-2 (alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-60406-884-9 (eBook) I. Bernstein, Mark, 1950 May 23– editor. II. Berger, Mitchel S., editor. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Brain Neoplasms. WL 358] RC280.B7 616.99′481—dc23 2014015116 Copyright ©2015 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. Printed in the United States of America 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-60406-883-2 Also available as an eBook eISBN 978-1-60406-884-9 This book is dedicated to Lee, Lauren, Andrea, and Jody Bernstein, and to Joan, Lindsay, and Alex Berger, and to patients everywhere. Contents Preface .............................................................................................xi Acknowledgments .................................................................................xiii Contributors....................................................................................... xv I Biology 1 Epidemiology.............................................................................. 3 Kyle M. Walsh, Elizabeth B. Claus, and Margaret R. Wrensch 2 Pathology and Molecular Classification ..................................................... 17 Kenneth D. Aldape and Aditya Raghunathan 3 Molecular Markers and Pathways in Brain Tumorigenesis .................................... 35 Mustafa Nadi and James T. Rutka 4 Brain Tumor Stem Cells. ................................................................... 47 Marco Gallo and Peter B. Dirks II Evaluation 5 Anatomic Imaging......................................................................... 55 Daniel M. Mandell and Walter Kucharczyk 6 Metabolic Imaging ........................................................................ 66 Lutz W. Kracht and Wolf-Dieter Heiss 7 Physiological Imaging ..................................................................... 77 Soonmee Cha 8 Functional Imaging........................................................................ 91 Srikantan S. Nagarajan and Mitchel S. Berger III Surgery 9 Perioperative Management ............................................................... 105 Jennifer Moliterno Gunel and Joseph M. Piepmeier 10 Imaged-Guided Surgery: Frame and Frameless ............................................. 114 Michael W. McDermott, Roxanna M. Garcia, and Mark Bernstein 11 Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging ............................................... 130 Devon H. Haydon and Ralph G. Dacey, Jr. 12 Other Intraoperative Aids. ................................................................ 136 David W. Roberts and Pablo A. Valdes viii Contents 13 Endoscopic Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Jennifer Moliterno Gunel, Mark M. Souweidane, and Theodore H. Schwartz 14 Functional Mapping. ..................................................................... 160 Nader Sanai and Mitchel S. Berger 15 Complications of Surgery ................................................................. 167 Ronald E. Warnick and Michael J. Petr IV Radiation 16 Fractionated Radiotherapy ................................................................181 Arjun Sahgal and Glenn S. Bauman 17 Stereotactic Radiosurgery.................................................................193 Douglas Kondziolka 18 Alternative Radiotherapy Approaches......................................................206 Normand Laperriere and Penny K. Sneed V Systemic Therapy 19 Systemic Chemotherapy ..................................................................221 Rebecca DeBoer and Michael D. Prados 20 Intratumoral Chemotherapy .............................................................. 231 Kaisorn L. Chaichana, Jon D. Weingart, and Henry Brem 21 Targeted Therapies for Gliomas ........................................................... 242 Barbara J. O’Brien, W. K. Alfred Yung, and John F. de Groot 22 Immunobiology and Immune Therapy .....................................................254 Bryan D. Choi, Peter E. Fecci, and John H. Sampson 23 Gene Therapy for Gliomas ................................................................ 264 Joseph H. Miller and James M. Markert VI Specific Tumors 24 Low-Grade Gliomas ...................................................................... 277 Hugues Duffau 25 Malignant Gliomas. ...................................................................... 289 Richard G. Everson and Linda M. Liau 26 Pilocytic Astrocytomas and Other Indolent Tumors.........................................302 Robert P. Naftel and Ian F. Pollack 27 Brainstem Tumors........................................................................312 Sarah T. Garber and John Kestle 28 Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors .......................................................... 324 Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, and Michael D. Taylor 29 Pediatric Supratentorial Tumors. .......................................................... 339 Michael DeCuypere and Frederick A. Boop 30 Pineal Region Tumors .................................................................... 352 Adam M. Sonabend, Alfred T. Ogden, and Jeffrey N. Bruce 31 Intraventricular Tumors .................................................................. 363 Jason L. Schroeder and Gene H. Barnett 32 Meningiomas. ........................................................................... 375 Corinna C. Zygourakis, Roxanna M. Garcia, and Michael W. McDermott 33 Skull Base Meningiomas and Other Tumors ................................................ 391 Kaith K. Almefty, Kadir Erkmen, and Ossama Al-Mefty 34 Pituitary Tumors. ........................................................................ 410 Osaama H. Khan and Gelareh Zadeh 35 Craniopharyngiomas. .................................................................... 418 Khaled M. Krisht, Oren N. Gottfried, and William T. Couldwell
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