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Netherlands Yearbook Of International Law 2018: Populism And International Law PDF

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Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2018 Populism and International Law Netherlands Yearbook of International Law Volume 49 More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8913 Janne E. Nijman Wouter G. Werner (cid:129) Volume Editors Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2018 Populism and International Law 123 Volume Editors JanneE. Nijman Wouter G.Werner Faculty of Law Faculty of Law University of Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, TheNetherlands Amsterdam, TheNetherlands ISSN 0167-6768 ISSN 1574-0951 (electronic) Netherlands Yearbook of International Law ISBN978-94-6265-330-6 ISBN978-94-6265-331-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-331-3 PublishedbyT.M.C.ASSERPRESS,TheHague,TheNetherlandswww.asserpress.nl ProducedanddistributedforT.M.C.ASSERPRESSbySpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg ©T.M.C.ASSERPRESSandtheauthors2019 Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeof beingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Theuse ofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc. inthis publi- cationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromthe relevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. This T.M.C. ASSER PRESS imprint is published by the registered company Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE partofSpringerNature. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:HeidelbergerPlatz3,14197Berlin,Germany Board of Editors Ramses A. Wessel Wouter G. Werner (General Editor) (General Editor) University of Twente Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Fabian Amtenbrink Maarten den Heijer Erasmus University Rotterdam University of Amsterdam Martin Kuijer Janne E. Nijman Ministry of Justice and Security University of Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Nikolas M. Rajkovic Denise Prévost Tilburg University Maastricht University Harmen van der Wilt Otto Spijkers University of Amsterdam Utrecht University Managing Editor Bérénice Boutin T.M.C. Asser Institute The Hague Editorial Assistant Kike Ajibade Aims and Scope The Netherlands Yearbook of International Law (NYIL) was first published in 1970.Asadouble-blindpeer-reviewedpublication,theNYILoffersaforumforthe publicationofscholarlyarticlesofaconceptualnatureinavaryingthematicareaof public international law. In addition, each Yearbook includes a section Dutch Practice in International Law. The NYIL is published under the auspices of the T.M.C. Asser Instituut. T.M.C. Asser Instituut Located in the ‘international zone’ of The Hague—the City of Justice, Peace and Security, the T.M.C. Asser Instituut is a leading, inter-university research institute operating in the broad field of international law. Foundedin1965,theInstitute’sinternationalcommunityofscholarsisengaged in research, postgraduate training and dissemination of knowledge in furtherance of the purposes and principles of international law. This inter-university institute cooperates closely with and supports the Dutch universities’ activities in the rele- vant disciplines. The academic fields covered by the Institute are Private International Law, Public International Law, Law of the European Union, International Commercial Arbitration, International Humanitarian Law, International Criminal Law and International Sports Law. The Institute enjoys an excellent reputation at both a national and an interna- tional level for its development, organisation and hosting of conferences and aca- demic meetings, demand-driven postgraduate programmes and training. Its ancillary Websites and data collections all contribute to a coherent and integral strategy in the area of knowledge transfer. The Institute has its own publishing house, T.M.C. Asser Press. T.M.C. Asser Press not only serves the publishing needs of the T.M.C. Asser Instituut, but also those of academics and practitioners worldwide in the fields of International and European Law. T.M.C. Asser Instituut Institute for Private and Public International Law International Commercial Arbitration and European Law Institute Address: R.J. Schimmelpennincklaan 20-22 2517 JN The Hague The Netherlands Postal Address: P.O. Box 30461 2500 GL The Hague The Netherlands Tel.: +3170 342 0300 Fax: +3170 342 0359 Email: [email protected] Internet: https://www.asser.nl Contents Part I Populism and International Law 1 Populism and International Law: What Backlash and Which Rubicon? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Janne E. Nijman and Wouter G. Werner 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Populism and International Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Historical Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.4 Papers Introduced and Summarised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2 Trump, International Trade and Populism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Lukasz Gruszczynski and Jessica Lawrence 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2 Populism, Neoliberalism and Construction of Truth . . . . . . . . . 22 2.3 Trump and International Trade Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.4 Trump’s Neoliberal Populism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.5 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3 Populist Paranoia and International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Aaron Fichtelberg 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.2 A Genealogy of Populism in the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.3 Populism and International Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.4 The Constitution, Populism, and International Law. . . . . . . . . . 52 3.5 Trumpian Populism and International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.6 Paranoia and International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.7 Towards a Populist International Law?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 ix x Contents 4 Is There a ‘Populist’ International Law (in Latin America)? . . . . . 69 Alejandro Rodiles 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.2 Latin American ‘Classical Populism’ at the International Level – Between Pragmatic Self-assurance and Proactive Tercermundismo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.2.1 Peronismo’s Third Position or Semi-peripherical Pragmatism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4.2.2 Mexico’s Populist Foreign Policy in the 1970s: The Promotion of a New International Economic Order (NIEO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.3 The ‘New Latin American Left’: Attempts at Decolonising Global Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4.3.1 The Counter-Coalition Called ‘ALBA-TCP’. . . . . . . . . 83 4.3.2 Evo Morales and the Emergence of a Global Law of Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4.4 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 5 Populism, International Law and the End of Keep Calm and Carry on Lawyering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Christine Schwöbel-Patel 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.2 Internationalists versus Populists: A View from Above . . . . . . . 101 5.3 International Lawyers as the Elites: A View from Below . . . . . 105 5.4 International Legal Organisations: A Structural View . . . . . . . . 106 5.5 Unsettling Populist versus Internationalist Binaries . . . . . . . . . . 110 5.6 Populism as a Tactic for a Multilateralism of Solidarity . . . . . . 114 5.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 6 People, Politics and Populismin International Criminal Law: The Mungiki as Kenyan Ethnos and Kenyan Demos . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Edwin Bikundo 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 6.2 People in the United Nations Charter and International Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 6.3 Female Circumcision and the Politics of Patriarchy. . . . . . . . . . 130 6.4 The Faustian Pact, Political Violence and Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 6.5 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

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