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Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2015: The Dilemma of Leaving: Political and Military Exit Strategies PDF

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NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2015 The Dilemma of Leaving: Political and Military Exit Strategies Jörg Noll · Daan van den Wollenberg Frans Osinga · Georg Frerks Irene van Kemenade Editors NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies Editor-in-Chief P. Oonincx, Den Helder, The Netherlands Managing Editor I. van Kemenade, Breda, The Netherlands More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13908 Series Information The series aims to create an overview of scientific research in military sciences and it shows the extent to which researchers of the Faculty of Military Sciences (FMS) of the Netherlands Defence Academy contribute to this field of expertise. Research at the Faculty is confined to military-relevant, multidisciplinary areas and therefore deals with issues relating, among others, to: – Command and control in military operations – Leadership and ethics – Military law and history – Operational analysis – Navigation – Combat systems – Military platforms – Cyber warfare The series is peer reviewed and reflects the diversity and quality of the Faculty of Military Sciences at its best. With the NL ARMS the FMS hopes to serve as a trigger for more international comparative research on military sciences. Editorial Office Drs. I. van Kemenade Faculty of Military Sciences P.O. Box 90002 4800 PA, Breda The Netherlands Jörg Noll · Daan van den Wollenberg Frans Osinga · Georg Frerks Irene van Kemenade Editors Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2015 The Dilemma of Leaving: Political and Military Exit Strategies 1 3 Editors Jörg Noll Georg Frerks Faculty of Military Sciences Faculty of Military Sciences Netherlands Defence Academy Netherlands Defence Academy Breda Breda The Netherlands The Netherlands Daan van den Wollenberg Irene van Kemenade Ministry of Defence Faculty of Military Sciences The Hague Netherlands Defence Academy The Netherlands Breda The Netherlands Frans Osinga Faculty of Military Sciences Netherlands Defence Academy Breda The Netherlands ISSN 1387-8050 NL ARMS ISBN 978-94-6265-077-0 ISBN 978-94-6265-078-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-6265-078-7 Published by t.m.c. asser press, The Hague, The Netherlands www.asserpress.nl Produced and distributed for t.m.c. asser press by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg © t.m.c. asser press and the authors 2016 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword How deep can you go into the woods, asked the instructor? I had no idea what he was talking about. I knew the woods were big, but how big – I had no idea. “2-3 kilometers maybe” was my hesitant answer. No, you can walk until the middle of the forest and then you start walking out of the forest again! Trying to regain my composure, I decided to counter that trick statement with a question: “Ok, but how do I know, when I have reached the middle of the woods”, I asked. “ You don’t” – was the answer from the instructor. “However, if you know your woods and your way in, you will also know, when you are leaving the woods and also in what direction you should leave the woods”. Th e same fussiness applies to the concept of exit strategy for international confl icts and military interventions. Th e beginning of any military operation of a western nation is preceded by a political decision to partake and a military operational planning phase. Th e beginning is therefore well defi ned. Th e exit process and the obtainable end state of the confl ict on the other hand are much more complex. Many factors infl uence the question when it is warranted to terminate an intervention and how to execute the redeployment best. Much depends on whether realistic objectives and desired end states have been formulated but even more on the dynamics of the confl ict itself. Invariably initial assumptions have been invalidated once an intervention got under way and exit has subsequently proven a thorny military and political issue. Since this is a rather new fi eld, very little standard literature is available. Indeed, the very defi nition of exit strategies and end states is a topic of discussion in this volume. In the present book various researchers from the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy present a multi-disciplinary approach to the broad theme of exit strategies and end states of military interventions. Hopefully, this work will inspire others to contribute to this important fi eld. Th is book is part of the so-called Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies (NL-ARMS) series of books. Every year the Faculty of Military Sciences (FMS) publishes a NL-ARMS issue around a military relevant theme. Each volume refl ects the diversity and quality of the research vi foreword fi elds present within the faculty. I hope you will enjoy the contributions and I am confi dent the authors are more than happy to give you further information. So, please do not hesitate to contact the researchers directly. Prof. dr. H. Rudolph Dean of the Faculty of Military Sciences Netherlands Defence Academy Th e Netherlands Ministry of Defence [email protected] Table of Contents Foreword v Henrik Rudolph, Dean of the Faculty of Military Sciences 1. Introduction. Th e Dilemma of Leaving: Political and Military Exit Strategies 1 Jörg Noll, Daan van den Wollenberg & Georg Frerks 2. Th e Paradox of Leaving: Four Historical Case Studies on the Dynamics of Exit Strategies 19 Herman Amersfoort, Floribert Baudet, Henk de Jong, Michiel de Jong & Wim Klinkert 3. Strategic Narratives, Political Debates and Causes of the Dutch Exit from Uruzgan 61 Th eo Brinkel 4. ‘Right Intent’: Th e Moral Dimension of Exit 83 Desiree Verweij 5. Hitting a Moving Target: Evaluating the ‘Exit’ from State- building Missions 103 Georg Frerks 6. Dynamics of the Political 2-Level-Game in War Termination 141 Daan van den Wollenberg 7. Getting Away with Exit: Th e Role of Strategic Communication 161 Han Bouwmeester 8. From Entrapment to Indiff erence? 193 Floribert Baudet 9. Two Ways of Leaving: A Comparative Case Study on Exit Strategies of a UN and a NATO Led Mission 217 Sander Dalenberg & Marenne Mei Jansen viii table of contents 10. Th e Comprehensive Approach and the Problem of Exiting Civil Military Cooperation: Lessons from Uruzgan 247 Peter Olsthoorn, Myriame Bollen, Ernst Lobbezoo & Bas Rietjens 11. Ex©iting Dilemma: A Defence Economics View on a US Exit from NATO 271 Robert Beeres & Myriame Bollen 12. Conclusion: Pitfalls and Potentials of Exit Studies and Practices 299 Georg Frerks Contributors 317 CFToIJ11Th1111tThHM2222222222222222222222tSTh3333333f‘D4444444444fiHfG55P55555555555555555sDWD666666666666sGH77777777777777eFF888888888nTS9999999999999tThP&111i11111E111i11eEoR1111111tCG1111I11111111111111CIRnn orwhewöiennniltanne...............................00000112222.................................................................................000000001111122222222222222orrlviw axxxooegooonveee5233445523562666723474591153567122234122222333445567123467133347134566666666681444456812367811112334446122455668oreauyn eiar root daintiebeor......................................i©e AUvteeeeShBmabggotoeecrsannnroenn .... .. . ... . 02 33345262233 .. .... .... . .. ........ ... 134 . .. . .... 123344461345712222223333345ratrreemg tled t l o eoi1534331129212123412122233456781113411211212tmenehi nhirv te rrfi ee TcttPpCw VWra .. ....AIThCrThThThCThCThTh A ..... ..... .... 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oomtMnynio in iouftfdc rd e riursa S tol P st irhThtoehUmto ria sfaenl Nr i eteUygtBenxi gcriraC tiEiaune tloszixsd stAog irh tapaac n NteEtNeo rxgearAiwitstei T o sSG Ontr:u a lLiteneedegs asymo 1ni2222113211681112227112122112338132334512v811111121361121v1112221463833232712157811291219118121231111222212226811118112223596111326912613147223112222213312591311222212412331411222233324131s9ssi39797415469147835033699137186343090197130044699380148512907690416001053345790051557666388891157900261124046994478044457809114296197475440333370115022423647512513500232208021112201 4iifo89458771113771559047173939039361113944141403124247768611626081627643346159484224682100621851695024619389861896672435851337330034905rno-m1 9 6U0r uzgan 22314277 one Introduction. Th e Dilemma of Leaving: Political and Military Exit Strategies Jörg Noll, Daan van den Wollenberg & Georg Frerks Abstract Th e introduction to the volume provides an overview of recent issues central to political, military, and academic debates about political and military exit strate- gies from confl icts and wars. One important concept is the supposed political- military divide, time and again expressed in the dichotomy end states versus end dates. Th e diff erent contributions of the volume show that there exist nu- ances in this divide, due to diff erent responsibilities and tasks at four levels, i.e., the political, strategic, operational and tactical. Th e volume refl ects the diversity and multi-disciplinary character of the Faculty of Military Sciences, combining academia with military experience. Keywords Exit strategy, end state, end date, political-military relations, transformation and transition Dr. Jörg E. Noll is associate professor of International Confl ictstudies at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy. Field of expertise: Exit strategies and political and military leaders and decision making. First Lieutenant drs. Daan van den Wollenberg is currently the commander of a mechanized artillery platoon. Prof. dr. ir. Georg Frerks is professor of International Security Studies at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy. Th e authors would like to thank Wouter Hagemeijer for his contribution on doctrines. J. Noll  Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy De la Reijweg 120, 4820 BB Breda, Th e Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] D. van den Wollenberg E-mail: [email protected] G. Frerks Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy, Breda, Th e Nether- lands E-mail: [email protected] (cid:2)T.M.C.ASSERPRESSandtheauthors2016 1 J.Nolletal.(eds.),NetherlandsAnnualReviewofMilitaryStudies2015, NLARMS,DOI10.1007/978-94-6265-078-7_1

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This book seeks to bridge the gap between academic, political and military thinking concerning the success and failure of peacekeeping operations and their termination. Exit strategies have recently gained attention in political, military, academic and public debates, due to the Western engagement i
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.