Nestor Makhno--Anarchy's Cossack: The Struggle for Free Soviets in the Ukraine 1917-1921-

429 Pages·2003·31.44 MB·English

by  Alexandre Skirda

Pubclaiitonbsy A lexaned Srkirda
Kronst1a9d2t1 P.r oeltarcioanttb roelc hevi(Ksrmoen st1a9d2t1 P.ro letavreirastu s
Bolshev)iE s.mD e laT eted eF euill1e9s7,2 .
LeAsn archdainsstla e rse vuotlirounss e( TheA nacrhisitnts h eR ussiRaenvo luriort),
Ed.d el aT etdee f euil1l9e7s3,s; ec onedd itiLoens: AnarRcuhsissleetssSe ,os v ieett s
la revuotlideo n1 917,E d.d eP ari2s0,0 0R.us sieadni tiVooln:ny aaR usG:r omada,
Pari2s0,0 3
J W.Makhdiles skoic:i aldiesismn et etl.eQ c.Wt uMeaclshajstkhies: o cialoifst mh e
intellectEuda.dl us S)e,u i1l9,7 9i:n troducatnidot nr asnlatiooftn e xtsse;c ond
editioEnd:it ionP adrei 2s0;0 1R.u ssian edition: SkAilredxSaao.nt dsriea lism
inetlelctou,vaG lromadaP,a ri2s0,0 A4u tonoimnidedi uveilelefat rcceo lelctiLvees.
anarcheit!s 'ogtraensi satdieP orno,u dha noon)s o urEdsA .S . Pa1r9i8s,7E ;ng liesdhi ­
tiOFn:a cgit nhEen emAy,K Pres2s0,0 2R;us sieadni tiIonnd ivlinadjuaaav tonomija
ik oelkltivsnialajG,ar o madaP,a ri2s0,0 2:
NestMoark hnleo c,o saqdeu le'An archLiale u.tt peo ulre Sso vilebitrseesnU kraine
1917-19E2d1..A S . 1982s;e conedd itiLone:s Cosdaeqla u leiseb rtNee.s tor
Makhneotla guercriievl eenR ussEide.J, C LatPtaersi,1s 9,8 5t;hi redd itiNoens: tor
Makhnloec, o salqbiueer taEidr.de e.P ari1s9,9 9R.u ssieadni tiNoen:s tMoarh no,
kazaks voboGdryom,a daP,a ri2s0.0 1.
NestMoark hnLoa.J utctoen tlr'Etea etta utreecsr iPatrsi.1s 9,8 4i.nt rodunc tainod
transolna.Etn igliesdhi tni:To heSt rugglAeg aintshtSe ta taen dO thEesrys saA,K Press,
1996R;u ssieadn itiNoen:s tMoarh noN.a t chusbzaipnijsi,ki si t a1t9'i2:3 -1934.
GromadaP,a ri2s0,0 4.
All Russieadni tiaorneasv ailabaltwwe w .makhn.or&u www .nvosv.etnarod.ru.
NESTMOARK HNO
Anarchy'Cso ssack
ThSet rufgoFgrrl Seeoe v iitneh tUesk r1a9i1n7e- 1921
AlexSaknidrrdea
TransblyPa atSuehlda rkey

©
2004T,ex ta ndP hotoAs.S: k irda
© 2004E,n gliEsdhi tiAoKn P:r ess
© 2004T,ra nslatPiaouSnlh: a rkey
NestMoark hn-o AnarchCyo'sss ack
TheS trugfogrlF er eSeo viientt sh Uek rai1n9e1 7-1921
ISBN1 9 02596385
LibroafrC yo ngrCeastsa loging-in-Publication Data
A catarleocgo forrdt hitsi diesa vailfraobmlt eh Lei broarfCy o ngr.e ss
LibraorfCy o ngrCeosnst rNoulm ber: 2003114611
BritLiisbhr Caartya loguing-in-DPautbal ication
A catalorgeuceofo rrdt hitsi diesa v ailfarboltmeh Ber itLiisbhr ary.
TheE nglitsrha nsloafAt lieoxna ndre NSeksitMroadrk ah,n- o LeC osaqdeu e
l'AnarchLiaLe u:t ptoeu !ers s ovifeitbser neU sk rai1n9e1 7-19P2a1r.i1 s9,82 ,
.3 rde diti1o9n9,9a ,n d4 the <:iiti2o0n0,3 .
Publisbhye:d
AK Press AK Press KatSeh arpley Library
P.O.B ox1 2766 674-2A3 rSdt reeBtM Hurricane
Edinburgh, ScOoatkllaannCAdd , LondoEnn,g land
EH89 YE 94612 WCI 3XX
TranslafrtoemdF renbcyhP auSlh arkey.
Desiagnnd l ayowuotr dko natbeyFd r eddBiaeer .
Typesetatsisnigs tbayJn ecffRe e ctaonrdL aurQau ilter.
Coveirl lustbryaF tliaovCnio os tantfrionmti h,Ae r to fA narchy,
CienfuePgroess1 s9,7 5U.s ewdi tphe rmisosfCi ioenn fuegPorse ss.
Contents
ForewoHrids:t oBriytB easc k vu
1.F rom the tLoet ghHeein sdt ory 1
2.I nt hLea nodf t hZea porCoogs sacks 8
3.A RebelYloiuotuhs 17
4.F romM ilittaoTn etr rorist 22
5.P enSalev ritude 28
6.S ociRaelv oluitniG ounl yai-Polye 34
7.E bba ndF loiwn t h1e9 1R7e volution 42
8.W anderings 47
9.I nterwviiteLhwe nin 50
10.B ac:Hko meA gain 53
·1 1.T heB eginnoifnP gasr tisan Warfare 58
12.T heC ivlWiari nR ussia 69
13.T heB irotfht hMea khnovIinsstu rAgrenmty 77
14.S oviPeotw earn dt hPeo weorft hSeo viets 83
15.A lliawnicteth h Ree dA rmy 89
16.T he Breakodfto hwen Allainadtn hcCeeo llaopfst eh Fer ont 107
17.G rigorDiyebvtes,Y, a kiSrl,a scahnedtv h Ree ts 124
18.T heW hiteFsa'i lures 139
19.T heF ortuannedMs i sfortoufFn reese dRoemg ained 152
20.T heN ewE nemyT:h eB olshevik Party-State 162
21.B etweWehni taensd R eds 176
22.T heS ecoAnldl iawnicttehh Ree dAr my 191
23.V ictoorvyeW rr angel 223
24.B olsheTvreiakc hery 236
25.T heLaYseta orfF ightainndtg h Dee atThh rooefs
LibertRaervioalnu itnit ohnUe k raine 246
26.T he RooafEd x ile: BuWcahrawsr,aeD satn,z iBge,r lin 264
27E.x iilneP ar(i1s9 25-1934) 273
28.N estMoark hnoP'esr sonCahlairtayc:Tt raeirat ns dI diosync__r a2s9i1e s
29.T heMakhnovists 310
30.T heM akhnovMiosvte meanntdA narch__i__s__m__ __ 321
31.A proptohsCe h argoefBs a ndiatnrdAy n ti-Semitism 336
32.H istoriogarnadMp yhtyh oma--nia 342 ------------
33.S umminUgp a ndL essons 358
Documenfrtosmt hMea khnov--i--s----t----s- 362
BibliogrAaftpehriwcoarld (--1984) 393 -----------
Afterwor_d_ _ _____ _ __ _ ___ -'- ___ _ ___ 402
Lisotf M aps
Map1 :T heB ordeorfts h Uek raiinn1e 9 1.9 10
Map2 :M apo f"Makhnovia" 114
Map3 :E ngagemewnitttshh Weh itiensA ugust-Sep1t9e1m9b er 132
Map4 :T heb attolfPe e regonoonvS keap tem2b6e1,r9 19
. . andt hMea khriovbirsetak�thrnugh . . . . . 132
Ma5p:M ilitOapreyr ati�ot nhsCeir ime(aO ctobe�re-mNboe1r9 20..)..,.-2 -29
Foreword
HistorByi teBsa ck
Thes pectaccoulllaaorpf s teh e so-callseyds tcoeoftmm h mfeuo nrimUseStrS Rh as
expostehdve a cuousonfte hsrese gime's hoiffisctiotarhlie asanenssdh' i ghlighted
thien tellceocmtpulaalc oeftn hceywi ers tecronu nter-pawrittoshn layf ew rare
exceptFioornd sec.a dtehse,si lra vpiesnhhs a vpee ddlaes di ngllaenv ee rsoifo n
histotrriuctachle, l ebrtaht:eim npgp o"sterdi umpmhaarncothf a ctually existing
·. socia.lT"ih semyf intdh emseallvalets s e nao wt hatth epihro ncye rtaihnatviee s
evaporHaotweedv.et rh,ew irri tirnegmsa ainnde nduarnedt hecsaer trhyse t amp
oft heaibre rratVieornisfyt.ih niigss t heea sitehsitin gnt hweo rlodn:en eeodn ly
takaes emankteiytc oc ertdaeifni niotrei xopnrse ssions.
Lemte c itbeu atf ew exampl"ebusor:g eroeivso luitsui soentd"od esignate
three aRlu ssrieavno luotfFi eobnr u1a9r1yw7 h icohv erthtrhteesw a raiustto c:r acy
"GreaOtc tob1e9r1 S7o ciaRleivsotil ounto,r"" OctobReerv olutfioosrnh "o!r t,
reefrtsow havti rtueavlelRryuy s siaanndi ndeFerde nscohc iaelviessrit n tchee n
hasd escriabse dt" hBeo lshceovuidpk' etaantd,w "h icrha dirceavlo lutionaries
indeheadv dee scriabste hde" Bolshceovuinkt er-rev"odliucttiaotnoo"fr: s hip
thper oletamreianatsth "de i ctatoorfas t hiinpy cofai snttee lle"catcutaulasl ly''
exercoivseetrdh eu rbaann dr urparlo leta"rwiacarot m:m unismme"a ntsh e
1918-19p2e1r iaondd i nfa ctt hes ystempaitlilca ogfit nhge peasaanndt ry
wholesale toafdk aey--otvoel-ried fb ayyt heP artyt-aS,t2ea lolf i td ependent
upotnh meo sbtl oodthtierrsrLtoeyrut .s a lsdoe -mystthieefyx pres"ssioovni et"
whicphr,o perrelnyd erseidm,pm leya n"sc oun"cb iultt, hewne w oulhda ve
toe xplatiofon l kw hy, say,a c Foruanntccroeyv, e rferdo tmo pt ob ottobmy
"counc-ifrlso"mm unicipal tcoot uhcneoc uinlcosfi m li nis-teirsss t inlolt
wrappiendt h"ee xoatnidoc h s or evolutiwohniafforf "y s"o viWeet c"o!u lgdo
ond ecodmianngya nothteerro mre xpresbsuitfoo rnt ,h tei mbee inlgeu tsd ose
wit"hB olshewvhiikcs,hi" m pmleya n"sm ajo"rw ihteytn,h Reu ssipaanro tfyt hat
namen ever acahm iaejvoeridin at nyye lectiinRo uns seixac,e foprtt woo bscure
intervnoatlwe ist htihnRe u ssiSaonc iDaelm ocraatnidLc a boPra rattyi t1s9 03
congrwehsisc,rh e sulitnae s dp lAi cti.r cumsutpaonwnch ei cLhe nisne iziend
ordteors od ubh isse ctagrrioaunp let.
FOREWORD: HISTORY BITES BACK - vii
Thism ismacthb etweent hes igann dc hes iginfihead ss hapecdh ef acoefs
cenosf milliohnusm anob fe ingasn dl edu lcimacceol yai nm passIefw. e a ret o
geeo uto ft haitm passwee, m ustr eturcont hep rimarrye souracnedr e-examine
everythiTnhgi.si s t hes choooflt hougchutr renitnlt yh ea scendtai nnR ussainad
theU krainAen.d i ci sa ppareinntt h eo ngoingd eterminattori eocno vheirs torical
memorya ndf iilnlt hem anyg apfsr omt hep ast.
Since1 98a9n de specisailnlc1ye 9 91t,he rhea sb eens omeh ighliyn tevnes i
publishiancgt iviintc yh irse garfdi:r swte, h ave trheep rintoifan lgi:l h eb ooks
whichha da ppeariendR ussiiannt heW estfr om survivaicntgo rst hiecn i vil war
- WhitAer myg enerals e(unloowg ibzyes do me!-)s eparatist lCeoaesdrssa,c k
SociRaelv olutionaarnidee vse n,o fe speciinatle rteosu tsh ereN,e stoMra khno's
MemoiarnsdA rshinoHvis'tso oryf t hMea khnovMiosvte mewnhti,c hha vseo f arru n
tos evereadli tions. wIena dreweei dt nessair negai ln fatuatwiiotnht hep ersoonf
NestoMra khno: otvheepr a sdte cadae goofdi ftebeoonk osn t hes ubjehcatv ae p­
pearecdh,es imxo st reicnea nl ti totvleeor n e yeHaerh .a sb ecomaep opulhaerr o
int hee yeosfm anya,s ymbolo fc hes trugagglaeis ntR eda ndW hitea liokneb ehalf
oft hep eoplefr'ese doma ndt hed efenosfer evolutigoanianrTsyr .u em;o sto fchese
booklsa crki gro anadr eo flimitiendt erteosa nty onea lreacdoyn verswaini:tth h e
subjebcuttt, h pe oinitsc hafotr m anyp eoplheer eprestehneto snl byr igshhti ning
ligihntt heda rhki stoorfcy h eci vwialr o fh itsi meA.l louws h,o wevetro,h ighlti gh
theM emoiorfsV ikcBoerl ashw3h ow asc hieoffs taoffft heM akhnoviisnts urgent
movemenfotr o vear y eaarn ds ucceedMeadk hnoa tt heh eado ft hem ovement
aftetrh es eriouwsoluyn deNde stoMra khno weavsca uatetdoR omaniCaa.p tured
byt heR edsB,e laslhi'fswe a ss pareodn condititohnah te w rithei ms emoirsso
thatth eR edA rmy'sst ratecgoiusltfidsn alglrya swph y chep artimsoavne menti n
questicoonu lhda vhee lodu tf osro l onagn ds os uccessafgualilnyas litlt esne mies.
Hew ast herne leasoendyl, t ob ec augth uipn c heS talirneipsrte ssiin1o 9n3 a7n d
shotH.i ss onr ediscovtehreme adn uscriinpt th ea rchiovefts h eU krianec,a rried
out protrcaocmtpelde,m entpaerrys onal rbesetewaere1cnh9 6a6n d1 99a0n dh ad
itp ublishiendK ievi n1 99b2e fore his unfdoerattuthnh aefot leol winyge arT.h e
wholteh inrge preseannot sut standpirnmiga rys ourchea,p pilcyo mplemteinng
NestoMra khnoo'wsn Memoiarnsdt heA rshinboovo k. isIe ts senttioaa full ler
understanodfic nhgeo rganioznaatalin dm iiltaroype ratioofnt hem ovemenit:t
teemwsi tht elliinngf ormatainodun n deniya iblllumintahteec sr ucipaalr teh at
Makhnoviisncs urgepnltasy eidnd efeattihneWg h iteWse. sharlelh eairtsmsea in
contributiinto hnebs i bolgiraphiacftaelr wortdot hipsr esent volume.
Letus quotoen ee xtracchtap te rfectillyl ustwrhaattwe esh avbee ens aying:
iti sa r eproducotfit ohneu ncanny adtdhraeNtse ss tor Makhnoa ttg haemv eee t­
inga tw hichh eb adet hem ovementfa reweolnlJ ul1y7 1,9 2b1e folreea vifnogr
Romania:
viii- NESTORM AKHNO:A NARCHY'SC OSSACK
"Thec ommunistmo w hicwhe a spiarses umtehsa tth eriesi ndividual
freedom, equsaellift-ym,a nageimneintti,a ctrievaet,i avnidtp yl enty.
We have speolultoe udrt houghitnso ur' DeclaratWieo hnasv.he'a d
thec hancaen dw eh aves trivteonb uilad s ocieotny t hel ibertarian
princiopfln eosn -violebnuctte h,eB olshevhiakvsne o ta llowuesdt o
proceweidt thh iTsh.e yh avteu rnetdh ec lasohfi deaisn taos truggle
againmsetn .N oto nlhya st hee ntiSrtea taep paratduess,p isbeytd h e
peoplwei,t iht fsu nctionaanrdii etpssr isoannsds oo n,n otb eelni qui­
datebdu,t i th ass implbye enr e-caTshte.B olshevhiakvspe r oclaimed
mighats t heiorn lryi ght.
Thef oundatiooftn hses ocietthyat th eB olshevikm-uCnoimsts
havel aiadft,e re liminaatliolnt gh er paarntdir eisv a.hlasv,en othing
to do with.c ommunismT.h eya mountt oa d�seds,� mi-inilitary
secotf ' soldoifeM rasr x/b linddliys ciplainndew di tphr etenstioo �s
infallibrielijteyc,ta innyqg u ibblaensdi nh otp ursuoiftt he goofaa l
totalitSatraitwaehn i cghr anntesi thferre edonmosr r ighttQsi tcsi ti­
zenasn dw hicphe ddlae hsd ve·lb ranodf i&ologircaacli sImtb. r �aks
thep eopluep i nt'ot heciiwrr ta'n d' three s.t'I nr rianrye specittis sa, n
absurdTihteyy.d epritvheet oiloefra sl tlh eir droefaa m bse ttleirf e
andt heayr eb uilditnhgem ostw retchemdo,s tu nfapiorl iscoec iety
fromw hicthh ej oyosfl abor, creaantdti hvesi ptiyr oifet n terparries e
tob eb anished.
Theierx perimewnitlbsle p ointlaensdts h ewyi lclo -ofpotl okft he
sameo utlooaku,t horwiitlybl e e xtendtehdr outghhe c �njuruipno gf
unansweradbelmea goguaensdd ictatTohresyw. i lrlu laen db,y m eans
ofp risoannsdc oe�citohne,wy i lclo mpetlh et oilteorw so rkt hemselves
tod eatfohr a glasosfb utterm.i.lT.kh eyw iltle aerv erythdionwgn
ande liminaaltwleh oa rne ott ot heP arttya'ssot rei deologiicnta ulnley
witiht . .T.h eyw ildle viasnea stronomsicchaeld uolfpe u nishme.n.t.s
Peop'lsseo lper eoccupawtiiloblne w itshu rviivnas lu chf righteningly
oppressciovned itiBouneis tc. a nnocto ntinfouree veTrh.e s trengthening
ofa uthorwiitlyil n evitlaebaltdyo a compleptsey choloagnidci adle o­
logical brebaektdwoewetnnh osienc hargaen dt het oileCrosm.r ades!
Bev igilaanndtd on otc asats idyeo ur weapfoornt sh ewyi lslo ons erve
youa gaiDno! nott rustth eB olshevWiek sp!a rwti tht hef eelitnhga t
weh avdeo neo urr evoluatriyod untyL.o ngl ivseo lidaarnidtu yn itoyf
thet oileLrosn!gl ivteh et hirsdo ciraelv olutMiyo nt!h anktsoa lolf
you foerv erhyitng!"4
Thea ccouonftt hissp eecnho tetsh arti ghatf tietr" buglseosu ndeads sembly
andt hefa rewelwlesr vee rdyr amatwiict,sh o mes heddionfgt earnso,o nek now­
ingw hethtehre wyo uledv esre oen ea nothaegra inA.l"l ouws t or emarhke rteh at
FOREWORD: HISTORY BITESB ACK - ix