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Vol. 2 No. 2 1991 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae 85 \ TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA, 2(2): 85-102 NEOTROPICAL NYMPHALIDAE IN PHOTOGRAPHY Part 1 GEORGE O. KRIZEK 2111 Bancroft Place, N.W., Washington, DC 20008, USA ABSTRACT.- Presented here are 90 photographs from life of 78 species of Neotropical Nymphalidae, from Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela, mostly photographed on Emmel-Holbrook butterfly expeditions within the past 6-7 years. KEY WORDS: Adelpha, Anartia, Archeoprepona, Anthanassa, Batesia, Brazil, Callicore, Castilia, Cotonephele, Chlosyne, Colobura, Consul, Costa Rica, Diaethria, Dione, Doxocopa, Dynamine, Dryaditla, Diyas, Ecuador, Ectima, Eresia, Eueides, Hamadryas, Heliconiinae, Heliconius, Hypanartia, Marpesia, Mazia, Memphis, Mexico, Nessaea, Onilia, Panacea, Perisama, Peru, Philaethria, Podotricha, Pyrrhogyra, Siproeta, Smyrna, Telenassa, Temenis, Tigridia, Venezuela, Victorina, Zaretis. Nymphalidae are anthropofiliac and sometimes almost domesti- Anthanassa ardys Hewitson Fig. 12 cated butterflies, often found in the immediate vicinity of human Monte Verde, Costa Rica, 18 May 1985. settlements, especially in the tropics. Attracted by the chemical Anthanassa drusilla Felder Fig- 13 stimulants produced by the decomposing organic waste products Tinalandia, Ecuador, 6 May 1990. of human and animal metabolism, and also by the products of Batesia hypochlora Felder & Felder Fig. 14 human sweat glands (salt, urea, fatty acids), they often aggregate Rondonia, Brazil, 4 Nov 1989. around the entomologist-photographer, sitting on his body and Same, lateral view Fig. 15 sweat bespattered equipment (net handles, bags, parts of cameras, Callicore cyllene Doubleday Fig. 16 etc.). On these occasions they can be photographed relatively Rondonia, Brazil, 18 Mar 1991. easily. The following 90 photographs of 78 species were taken Callicore eunomia Hewitson Fig. 17 over a period of 6-7 years on various Emmel-Holbrook butterfly Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 21 Jul 1989. expeditions, to Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Castilia eranites Hewitson Fig. 18 Venezuela. Tinalandia, Ecuador, 8 May 1990. Castilia mvia Hewitson Fig. 19 Adelpha cytherea (Linnaeus) Fig. 1 Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 25 Feb 1988. Tinalandia, Ecuador, 8 May 1990 (male/female). Catonephele mexicana Jenkins & de la Maza Fig. 20 Adelpha fufia Fruhstorfer Fig. 2 Tinalandia, Ecuador, 8 May 1990 (male). Rondonia, Brazil, 22 Mar 1991. Turrialba, Costa Rica, 14 May 1985 (female). Fig. 21 Adelpha iphiclus (Linnaeus) Fig. 3 Catonephele sabrina Hewitson Fig. 22 Rondonia, Brazil, 5 Nov 1989. Curitiba, Brazil, 16 Mar 1984 (male). Adelpha mesentina (Cramer) Fig. 4 Catonephele salacia Hewitson Fig. 23 Rondonia, Brazil, 5 Nov 1989. Rondonia, Brazil, 21 Mar 1991 (male). Adelpha pleasure Hiibner Fig. 5 Chlosyne gaudealis Bates Fig. 24/25 Rondonia, Brazil, 5 Nov 1989. Turrialba, Costa Rica, 16 May 1985. Adelpha thesprotia (Felder & Felder) Fig. 6 Colobura dirce (Linnaeus) Fig. 26 Rondonia, Brazil, 20 Mar 1991. Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 19 Jul 1989. Adelpha paroeca Bates Fig. 7 Consul fabius (Cramer) Fig. 29 Turrialba, Costa Rica, 15 May 1985 (sitting on white wall). Rondonia, Brazil, 3 Nov 1989 (dorsal basking). Adelpha basiloides Bates Fig. 9 Same, sipping at cow feces (note background resem- Fig. 27 Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 28 Feb 1988. blance). Anartia amathea (Linnaeus) Fig. 8 Same, sitting on a leaf. Fig. 28 Tinalandia, Ecuador, 8 May 1990. Diaethria clymena (Cramer) Frontispiece and Fig. 30 Anartia fatima (Fabricius) Fig. 10 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 21 Jul 1989. Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 24 Feb 1988. Same, rare display with open wings (possibly attract- Fig. 31 Archeoprepona dernophon (Linnaeus) Fig. 11 ed by blue pieces of ceramics). Rondonia, Brazil, 3 Nov 1989. Dione juno (Cramer) Fig. 32 86 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA Rondonia, Brazil, 8 Nov 1989 (Heliconiinae). Hypanartia lethe (Fabricius) Fig. 58 Doxocopa agathina (Cramer) Fig. 33 Tinalandia, Ecuador, 7 May 1990. Rondonia, Brazil, 21 Mar 1991. Rondonia, Brazil, 4 Nov 1989. Fig. 59 Doxocopa linda Felder & Felder Fig. 34 Marpesia berania (Hewitson) Fig. 60 Rondonia, Brazil, 15 Mar 1991. Rondonia, Brazil, 22 Mar 1991. Doxocopa seraphina Hiibner Fig. 35 Tinalandia, Ecuador, 7 May 1990. Fig. 61 Tinalandia, Ecuador, 9 May 1990. Marpesia chiron (Fabricius) Fig. 62 Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus) Fig. 43 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 19 Jul 1989. Rondonia, Brazil, 21 Mar 1991 (Heliconiinae). Marpesia crethon (Fabricius) Fig. 63 Dryas iulia titio (Stichel) Fig. 45 Rondonia, Brazil, 15 Mar 1991. Rondonia, Brazil, 17 Mar 1991 (Heliconiinae). Marpesia iole (Drary) Fig. 64 Dynamine arene Hiibner Fig. 36 Tinalandia, Ecuador, 9 May 1990. Rondonia, Brazil, 9 Nov 1989. Marpesia orsilochus (Fabricius) Fig. 65 Dynamine athemon (Linnaeus) Fig. 37 Rondonia, Brazil, 6 Nov 1989. Rondonia, Brazil, 21 Mar 1991. Mazia amazonica Bates Fig. 66 Dynamine gisella Hewitson Fig. 38 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 17 Jul 1989. Rondonia, Brazil, 11 Nov 1989. Memphis basilia (Cramer) Fig. 67 Same (lateral view). Fig. 39 Rondonia, Brazil, 10 Nov 1989. Dynamine glauce Bates Fig. 40 Memphis glauce Felder Fig. 68 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 19 Jul 1989. Rondonia, Brazil, 10 Nov 1989. Dynamine mylitta (Cramer) Fig. 41 Memphis morvus? (Fabricius) Fig. 69 Rondonia, Brazil, 16 Mar 1991. Rondonia, Brazil, 22 Mar 1991. Dynamine racidula Hewitson Fig. 42 Memphis vicinia Staudinger Fig. 70 Rondonia, Brazil, 21 Mar 1991. Rondonia, Brazil, 22 Mar 1991. Ectima thecla Fruhstorfer Fig. 44 Nessaea batesii Felder Fig. 71 Rondonia, Brazil, 15 Mar 1991. San Isidro, Bolivar, Venezuela, 28 Jun 1984 (male). Ectima lirides Staudinger Fig. 46 Nessaea obrinus (Linnaeus) Fig. 72 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 21 Jul 1989. The butterfly is Rondonia, Brazil, 22 Mar 1991 (male). perching headdown on a wall; note the "scorpion-like" elevated Ortilia gentina Higgins Fig. 73 position of the abdomen. Rondonia, Brazil, 14 Mar 1991. Eresia clara Bates Fig. 47 Panacea divalis Bates Fig. 74 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 18 Jul 1989. Rondonia, Brazil, 3 Nov 1989. Eresia eunice (Hiibner) Fig. 48 Perisama bonplandii Guerin Fig. 75 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 21 Jul 1989. Tinalandia, Ecuador (600m above town), 10 May 1990. Eresia lansdorfi Godart Fig. 49 Same (dorsal basking) Fig. 76 Rio Julho, east of Sao Bento do Sul, Brazil, 12 Mar 1984. This Perisama oppeli (Latreille) Fig. 77 species may be a member of a mimetic complex involving Tinalandia, Ecuador (600m above town), 10 May 1990. Podotricha telesiphe form tithraustes Hewitson and Heliconius Philaethria dido (Linnaeus) Fig. 78 telesiphe. I observed very interesting behavior of several Rondonia, Brazil, 17 Mar 1991 (Heliconiinae). individuals of E. lansdorfi: they were following a little larger Pyrrhogyra crameri Aurivillius Fig. 79 individuals of Heliconius erato (melpomene type), flying directly Rondonia, Brazil, 6 Nov 1989. behind them, but always keeping about a 1 foot distance from Pyrrhogyra edocla Doubleday Fig. 80 them. Rondonia, Brazil, 9 Nov 1989. Eresia plagiata Rober Fig. 50 Siproeta epaphus Latreille Fig. 81 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 19 Jul 1989. Tinalandia, Ecuador, 9 May 1990. Eresia quintilla Hewitson Fig. 51 Siproeta stelenes (Linnaeus) Fig. 82 Tinalandia, Ecuador, 6 May 1990. Rondonia, Brazil, 6 Nov 1989. Eueides aliphera Godart Fig. 52 Smyrna blomfildia (Fabricius) Fig. 83 Rondonia, Brazil, 17 Mar 1991 (Heliconiinae). Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 28 Feb 1988. Hamadryas arinome (Lucas) Fig. 53 Telenassa burchelli Moulton Fig. 84 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 19 Jul 1989. Rondonia, Brazil, 9 Nov 1989. Hamadryas chloe (Stoll) Fig. 54 Temenis laothoe (Cramer) Fig. 85 Rondonia, Brazil, 9 Nov 1989. Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 21 Jul 1989. Hamadryas februa Hiibner Fig. 57 Temenis pulchra Hewitson Fig. 86 Rondonia, Brazil, 21 Mar 1991. Rondonia, Brazil, 11 Nov 1989. Hamadryas laodamia (Cramer) Fig. 55 Same (lateral view). Fig. 87 Explorama Inn, Loreto, Peru, 21 Jul 1989 (male). According to D'Abrera (1987), "the proportion of red to black Same (female). Fig. 56 markings appear to be governed by the particular population of Vol. 2 No. 2 1991 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae 87 \? Fig. 1. Adelpha cytherea < Fig. 3. Adelpha iphiclus Fig. 5. Adelpha pleasure Fig. 2. Adelpha fufia Fig. 4. Adelpha mesentina Fig. 6. Adelpha thesprotia 88 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA Fig. 7. Adelpha paroeca Fig. 9. Adelpha basiloides Fig. 11. Archeoprepona demophon Fig. 8. Anania amathea Fig. 10. Anartia fatima Fig. 12. Anthanassa ardys Vol. 2 No. 2 1991 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae 89 ** Fig. 13. Anthanassa drusilla Fig. 15. Batesia hypochlora Fig. 17. Callicore eunomia Fig. 14. Batesia hypochlora Fig. 16. Callicore cyllene Fig. 18. Castilia eranites 90 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA Fig. 19. Casti/ia myia Fig. 21. Catonephele mexicana ¥ Fig. 23. Catonephele salacia <? Fig. 20. Catonephele mexicana tf Fig. 22. Catonephele sabrina <f Fig. 24. Chlosyne gaudealis Vol. 2 No. 2 1991 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae 91 Fig. 25. Chlosyne gaudealis Fig. 27. Consul fabius Fig. 29. Consul fabius (basking) Fig. 26. Colobura dirce Fig. 28. Consul fabius Fig. 30. Diaethria clymena 92 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA Fig. 31. Diaethria clymena Fig. 33. Doxocopa agathina Fig. 35. Doxocopa seraphina Fig. 32. Dione juno Fig. 34. Doxocopa linda Fig. 36. Dynamine arene Vol. 2 No. 2 1991 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae 93 x,^ . Fig. 37. Dynamine athemon Fig. 39. Dynamine gisella Fig. 41. Dynamine mylitta Fig. 38. Dynamine gisel/a Fig. 40. Dynamine glance Fig. 42. Dynamine racidula 94 KRIZEK: Neotropical Nymphalidae TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA Fig. 43. Dryadula phaetusa Fig. 45. Dryas iulia titio Fig. 47. Eresia clara Fig. 44. Ectima thecla Fig. 46. Ectima lirides Fig. 48. Eresia eunice