Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)

100 Pages·2003·2.5 MB·

by  Kuschel, Guillermo

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Fauna of New Zealand
Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa
Number / Nama 45
Nemonychidae, Belidae,
Brentidae
(Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)
G. Kuschel
7 Tropicana Drive, Mt Roskill, Auckland 1004, New Zealand
[email protected]
Manaaki
Whenua
P R E S S
Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
2003
4 Kuschel (2003): Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae(Insecta: Coleoptera)
Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2003
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Cataloguing in publication
KUSCHEL, G..
Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) / G. Kuschel
– Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2003.
(Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no. 45).
ISBN 0-478-09348-9
I. Title. II. Series.
UDC 595.768.23
Suggested citations:
Kuschel, G. 2003. Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea).
Fauna of New Zealand 45, 100 pp.
Kuschel G.; Leschen, R. A. B. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Belinae.
pp. 48-55 In Kuschel, G. 2003. Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae (Insecta: Coleoptera:
Curculionoidea). Fauna of New Zealand 45.
Prepared for publication by the series editor using computer-based text processing, layout, and
printing at Landcare Research, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New
Zealand
M~ori text by H. Jacob, Huatau Consultants, Levin.
Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z.
Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/
Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington
Front cover: Strobilobius libocedri Kuschel, the pahautea weevil (Illustrator: D. W. Helmore).
Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by
the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract number C09X0202.
Fauna of New Zealand 45 5
POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA
Class Insecta
Order Coleoptera
Families Nemonychidae, Belidae,
Brentidae
Orthoceri Weevils
This contribution deals with Orthoceri weevils of the fami-
Illustration / Whakaahua: Strobilobius lidocedri
lies Nemonychidae, Belidae and Brentidae. Weevils are a
Kuschel, a special apionine unique to Cupressaceae, and
major taxon of beetles characterised by a head extended
amongst apionines almost the only species unique to coni-
into a proboscis or rostrum. They are plant-feeders as fers worldwide (Illustrator / Kaiwhakaahua: D. W. Helmore).
adult and larva. Depending on how important certain plants
are to the economy of a country, weevils are perceived as Ko ng~ w§whara Orthoceri o ng~ wh~nau Nemonychidae,
beneficial, of no importance, or pests. They are usually of Belidae, me Brentidae te aronga o t‘nei tuhinga. He tino
no importance in their native country, but can become karangatanga ng~ w§whara nÇ te k~hui p§tara nui tonu. Ar~
pests in other countries. However, if noxious weeds have tÇna tino tohu, ko te tipu whakamua o te upoko, ko te
host-specific weevils in their original country, the weevils waha, ko te ngutu r~nei kei te pito rawa. He kai tipu ng~
can be imported under strict quarantine conditions and pakeke me te kÇhungahunga. Ko te whakaaro he hanga
may be released after ensuring that they are free of pai, he hanga kino r~nei te w§whara, kei te ~hua tonu o te
parasitoids and do not affect any native plants. New Zea- noho taonga o ng~ tipu e whai hononga ana ki te w§whara
land has already introduced and released weevils for the ki te Çhanga o t‘tahi whenua. I te nuinga o te w~, k~ore te
control of gorse and thistles, and is considering other intro- w§whara e whakararu i te iwi i tÇna whenua ake, engari
ductions. t‘r~ ka noho hei hanga kino i whenua k‘. Heoi anÇ, m‘n~
Weevils have existed for at least 140 million years, he momo w§whara e noho motuhake ana ki t‘tahi otaota
since the era of gymnosperms (cycads and conifers) and kino i tÇna whenua ake, t‘r~ ka ~ta t§kina atu taua w§whara,
dinosaurs. Weevil fossils were already abundant well before i runga anÇ i ng~ here tã taratahi e tika ana, ~, ina kitea
flowering plants (angiosperms) appeared on earth. k~ore Çna pirinoa, k~ore r~nei Çna p~nga kino ki ng~ r~kau
Gymnosperm species have since declined to very low m~ori, hei reira pea tukuna ai kia rarau te noho ki tana
numbers, and angiosperms, known only since Cretaceous whenua hou. Kua whakanohoia k‘tia mai ki Aotearoa nei
times, have proliferated to some 200 000 species worldwide. ‘tahi w§whara hei patu i te kÇhe me te kotimana, ~, e
Early weevils had a long rostrum, with long, slender whakaarohia ana kia t§kina atu anÇ ‘tahi.
mandibles and long labial and maxillary palps. These Kua 140 miriona tau, neke atu ng~ w§whara e ora ana
mouthpart features strongly suggest that ancestral weevils ki t‘nei ao, ar~, nÇ te w~ o ng~ tipu kano tahanga (ng~
were pollen-feeders. Gymnosperms have large male and cycad me ng~ r~kau whai huainohi) me ng~ moko tuauri.
female cones (strobili), and the male cones produce copious Ar~ te huhua o ng~ w§whara m~t~toka kua kitea, nÇ mua
amounts of highly nutritious pollen. Therefore it is assumed noa atu i te orokohanga ake o ng~ tipu whaipua. Kua tino
that Jurassic weevils would have been specialist pollen heke haere te maha o ng~ tipu kano tahanga, engari ko ng~
feeders, because all extant nemonychid species still have tipu whaipua, i puta tuatahi i te takiw~ Cretaceous, kua
pollen as their sole or main diet. tipu kia mano, kia rea – e 200,000 pea ng~ momo puta noa
(continued overleaf) (haere tonu)
6 Kuschel (2003): Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae(Insecta: Coleoptera)
Conventionally, weevils are divided into two convenient i te ao. He whai ngutu roa ng~ w§whara o neher~, he roa, he
groups: Orthoceri, defined by having all antennal segments tÇhihi te kauwae, he roa anÇ ng~ hihip~ i ng~ ngutu me te
following a straight line, and Gonatoceri, characterised by kauwae. E tohu ana te waha koinei te hanga he kai hae pea
‘broken’or elbowed antennae, the result of a deviation in ng~ w§whara o tua whakarere. He whai huainohi rahi - he
an angle of the segments following the basal one (scape). t~ne ‘tahi, he w~hine ‘tahi – (ka k§ia he strobili) ng~ tipu
All Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous weevils were Orthoceri kano tahanga, ~, in~ k‘ te nui o te hae mÇmona ka hangaia
with straight antennae associated with gymnosperms. The e ng~ huainohi t~ne. NÇ reira, e whakapaetia ana ko te hae
vast majority of extant Nemonychidae, and some Belidae, anake pea te kai a ng~ w§whara o te takiw~ Jurassic. Ka
retain an association with gymnosperms and still live mutu, katoa ng~ momo nemonychid e ora tonu ana, he kai
exclusisvely on Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Pinaceae. hae anake, he tino kai r~nei te hae n~ r~tou.
This contribution is devoted to the 3 Orthoceri families Kua wehea e te ao pãtaiao ng~ w§whara kia rua ng~
Nemonychidae, Belidae, and Brentidae (the other Orthoceri karangatanga wh~nui: ko te Orthoceri t‘tahi, ko te tohu
family Anthribidae, with 58 species, has been revised by tautuhi i t‘nei karangatanga, ko te noho r~rangi tÇtika mai
Holloway (1982), Fauna of New Zealand 3). Although o ng~ w~hanga katoa o ng~ pãhihi; ko ng~ Gonatoceri anÇ
these 3 families are poorly represented in New Zealand, t‘tahi, ~nÇ nei kua whati, he whai ‘tuke’ r~nei Ç r~tou
with only 16 native and 1 introduced species, they are of pãhihi (i p‘r~ ai i te mea he kotiti te ahunga o te w~hanga
considerable biological, phylogenetic, and biogeographical tuarua o ng~ pãhihi, ar~, te w~hanga ka whai i muri mai i te
interest. All 4 species of Nemonychidae, and 5 out of 6 w~hanga i te pãtake). Katoa ng~ w§whara o te takiw~
species of Belidae, are associated with Podocarpaceae Jurassic me te Cretaceous o Raro, nÇ te karangatanga
(totara, rimu, matai, kahikatea and relatives) and Orthoceri, ~, he rere tÇtika ng~ pãhihi, e tohu ana i te
Phyllocladacaeae (tanekaha, toatoa). Whilst the hononga ki ng~ tipu kano tahanga. Ko te tino nuinga o ng~
Nemonychidae of New Zealand are closer to the Chilean Nemonychidae, tae atu ki ‘tahi o ng~ Belidae, e honoa
species found on Podocarpaceae than to the Australian tonutia ana ki ng~ tipu kano tahanga, ~, kei te noho
ones found on Araucariaceae, 5 species of Belidae show a motuhake ki ng~ Araucariaceae, ng~ Podocarpaceae, me
definite close affinity to Australia. The sixth belid species ng~ Pinaceae.
belongs to a New Caledonian genus associated with Kei te aro wh~iti t‘nei o ng~ t~nga kÇrero ki ‘tahi
Araliaceae. wh~nau Orthoceri e 3, ar~, ng~ Nemonychidae, ng~ Belidae,
The family Brentidae has 2 dissimilar subfamilies in me ng~ Brentidae (kua oti i a Holloway (1982) te ~ta
New Zealand: Brentinae and Apioninae. Brentinae are tirotiro t‘r~ atu wh~nau Orthoceri, me ng~ momo
represented by an endemic genus and species known as the Anthribidae e 58, i Te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa 3).
giraffe weevil (pepeke nguturoa): The size difference and Ahakoa k~ore e kaha nohoia ana a Aotearoa e ‘nei wh~nau
the sexual dimorphism of this species is spectacular. The e 3 (16 ng~ momo nÇ konei taketake ake, 1 te momo
giraffe weevil is unique in being the sole weevil species in r~waho), he wh~nau e ~ta arohia nuitia ana e te hunga
the world with a visible scutellum. It is also unique in that m~tai pepeke mÇ te w~hi ki te koiora, te whakapapa, me
some of its males can be over 8 cm long, thus easily te arowhenua-koiora. Katoa ng~ momo Nemonychidae e
surpassing the length of any other brentine. The subfamily 4, me ‘tahi momo Belidae e 5 o roto i te 6, e whai hononga
Apioninae is represented by 5 native and 1 foreign species, ana ki ng~ Podocarpaceae (te tÇtara, te rimu, te mata§, te
the latter purposely introduced for a partial control of kahikatea me ‘r~ atu o t‘nei k~hui r~kau) me ng~
gorse (Ulex europaeus). Three genera, with a single species Phyllocladacaeae (te t~nekaha me te toatoa). He tata ake
each, are endemic. They are not close to each other or to ng~ Nemonychidae o Aotearoa ki ng~ Nemonychidae noho
anything else outside New Zealand. One genus (Zelapterus) Podocarpaceae o Chile, t‘n~ i ‘r~ o Ahitereira e noho ana
has a very small, smooth, and shiny species that is flightless ki ng~ Araucariaceae, engari e 5 ng~ momo Belidae e kaha
and still has no known host. Another genus (Cecydophyus) rite ana ki Ç Ahitereiria. Ko te belid tuaono, nÇ t‘tahi
is represented by a large, dull, and hairy species, whose puninga o New Caledonia, ~, e honoa ana ki ng~ Araliaceae.
host is silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii). The third genus E rua ng~ wh~nau wh~iti o nga Brentidae i Aotearoa,
(Strobilobius) has a species with hairless, deeply sculptured k~ore e tino rite t‘tahi ki t‘tahi. Kotahi te puninga
elytra, and is of considerable interest because of its Brentinae nÇ Aotearoa taketake ake, kotahi anÇ te momo
association with the coniferous pahautea (Libocedrus o roto i taua puninga. Koia t‘r~ ko te pepeke nguturoa.
bidwillii) of the cypress family. The fourth apionine genus Me kÇrero te rerek‘ o te rahi me te hanga o te tinana o te
(Neocyba) is also endemic, with 2 species associated with toa me te uwha o t‘nei momo. He ahurei te pepeke
rata and pohutukawa (Metrosideros spp.). It is closely
related to a genus from New Caledonia. (haere tonu)
Fauna of New Zealand 45 7
Contributor Guillermo (Willy) Kuschel was born in nguturoa, in~ r~, koia anake te w§whara huri i te ao e kitea
Frutillar, southern Chile. Brought up bilingual in Spanish atu ana tana papatua tapatoru. Ka mutu, he neke atu i te 8
and German, he also learned English, French, classical cm te roa o ‘tahi o ng~ toa. He roa noa ake t‘r~ i ana
Greek, and Latin at college. He graduated at the Universidad whanaunga katoa o te wh~nau wh~iti Brentinae. O te
de Chile, Santiago, with an MSc in 1950 and PhD in 1953. wh~nau wh~iti Apioninae, e 5 ng~ momo taketake ake o
He was a research entomologist at the Instituto de Zoología, Aotearoa, kotahi te momo r~waho. He mea ~ta tiki atu te
Universidad de Chile, and co-founder and editor of the r~waho kotahi hei patu i te kÇhe (Ulex europaeus). E toru
Revista Chilena de Entomología. He was invited to New ng~ puninga taketake ake kotahi anÇ te momo o roto i ia
Zealand in 1962 to be in charge of the then newly created puninga, ~, k~ore ‘nei e kitea i ‘tahi atu w~hi o te ao. K~ore
Systematics Section of Entomology Division, DSIR. His ng~ momo nei e tino rite, t‘tahi ki t‘tahi, k~ore r~nei e rite
interest in plant/insect associations started early in his ki t‘tahi momo e kitea ana i w~hi k‘ o te ao. Ko te momo
teens, and he later devoted most of his time to weevils, o t‘tahi o ng~ puninga (te puninga Zelapterus) he tino
especially to those of conifers and other early plant groups. pakupaku, he maheni, he mÇhinuhinu anÇ te anga, he
He traveled extensively in South America and New Zea- rerekore, ~, k~ore e mÇhiotia te momo r~kau e noho ai ia.
land doing fieldwork. He was editor of a book on ecology Ko te momo o t‘tahi atu puninga (a Cecydophyus), he
and biogeography of New Zealand, and is author of over rahi, he mÇhinuhinu kore, he huruhuru anÇ te anga, ~, ko
one hundred publications on taxonomy, biology, ecology, te tawai (Nothofagus menziesii) tana r~kau noho. Ko te
biogeography, paleontology, and higher classification of momo o te puninga tuatoru (a Strobilobius), he huruhuru
weevils. Married to Beverley A. Holloway (author of Fauna kore ng~ kahu parirau, otir~, he whai kÇwakawaka. E arohia
of New Zealand 3 on the Orthoceri weevil family nuitia ana t‘nei n~ i te mea e whai hononga ana ki te
Anthribidae), they have two daughters and a son. p~hautea (Libocedrus bidwillii), he r~kau huainohi nÇ te
wh~nau cypress. Ko Aotearoa anake te k~inga e kitea ai te
I wh~nau mai te kaituhi, a Guillermo (Willy) Kuschel, puninga tuawh~ o te wh~nau wh~iti Apioninae (a
ki Frutillar, i te tonga o Chile. Ko te reo P~niora me te reo Neocyba). Noho tahi ai ng~ momo e 2 o t‘nei puninga ki te
Tiamana ng~ reo o te k~inga i a ia e tamariki ana, ~, me tana r~t~ me te pÇhutukawa (ng~ momo Metrosideros). NÇ te
ako anÇ i te reo Ingarihi, te reo W§w§, te reo Kariki onamata, k~wai kotahi t‘nei puninga me t‘tahi o New Caledonia.
tae atu ki te reo R~tini i te kura tuarua. NÇ te tau 1950 i
Translation by H. Jacob
whakawhiwhia ai ia ki tana tohu MSc e te Universidad de
Huatau Consultants, Levin
Chile, Santiago, whai i muri mai ko tana tohu Ph D i te tau
1953. He kairangahau pepeke ia i te Instituto de Zoología
o te Universidad de Chile, ~, ko ia t‘tahi o te tokorua n~
r~ua te pukapuka Revista Chilena de Entomología i
whakatã. Ko ia anÇ te ‘tita o taua rauemi. He mea ~ta
pÇhiri ia kia haere mai ki Aotearoa i te tau 1962 hei rangatira
mÇ te Kaupeka Whakapapa o te W~hanga Pepeke o te
DSIR k~tahi anÇ ka whakatãria i t‘r~ w~. NÇna e taiohi
tonu ana, ka tipu ake tana minamina ki ng~ hononga i
waenga i ng~ tipu me ng~ pepeke. NÇ muri mai, ka wh~iti
ake tana titiro ki ng~ w§whara, me te aronui ki ‘r~ e noho
tahi ana ki ng~ r~kau whai koro§ me ‘r~ atu k~hui tipu o
tuauri wh~ioio. I kaha tonu tana toro haere i Amerika ki te
Tonga me Aotearoa, he rangahau ~-nuku te mahi. Ko ia te
‘tita o t‘tahi pukapuka e p~ ana ki te taupuhi kaiao me te
arowhenua-koiora o Aotearoa, ~, he neke atu i te kotahi
rau ng~ t~nga kÇrero kua puta i a ia e p~ ana ki te
whakarÇpãtanga, te koiora, te taupuhi kaiao, te
arowhenua-koiora, te m~tai m~t~toka, me ng~
whakarÇpãtanga whakarunga o ng~ w§whara. Ko Beverley
A. Holloway tana hoa rangatira (n~na ng~ kÇrero o Te
Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa 3, e p~ ana ki te wh~nau
w§whara Anthribidae, o te rÇpã Orthoceri). E rua ~ r~ua
tam~hine, kotahi te tama.
8 Kuschel (2003): Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae(Insecta: Coleoptera)
Dedicated to the late
Dr William (Bill) Cottier
Director of Entomology Division (1956-1964)
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
initiator of my long association with New Zealand entomology.
* * * * * * * * * *
Frontispiece: The giraffe weevil (pepeke nguturoa), Lasiorhynchus barbicornis (Fabricius, 1775), was collected by
Captain Cook’s crew in 1769 and was the first weevil from New Zealand to be described scientifically: Swedish
entomologist Christian Fabricius described it in 1775 as two separate species because he was misled by its striking sexual
dimorphism. The giraffe weevil has larger specimens than any other species in the family. Male (left), size range 16–90
mm, female (right), size range 13–46 mm (photographs prepared by B. E. Rhode, Landcare Research)
Fauna of New Zealand 45 9
ABSTRACT
The curculionoid families Nemonychidae, Belidae, and Brentidae are revised:
Nemonychidae comprising 4 species in 1 genus; Belidae 6 species in 4 genera; and
Brentidae 7 species in 6 genera (including 1 species introduced for biological con-
trol). The Nemonychidae and the 5 species of Belinae are associated with the
conifer families Podocarpaceae and Phyllocladaceae, the species of Aglycyderinae
with Araliaceae, the winged native Apioninae with Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, and
Myrtaceae, and the introduced Apioninae with Fabaceae (Ulex). The species of
Brentinae lives in dead wood of various dicotyledonous trees, and the host of the
flightless apionine remains unknown. Introductory sections deal with faunal rich-
ness, composition, fossil families of Curculionoidea, biogeography, and deposi-
tion of types and other specimens. A further section completes information on
female pouches and rectifies a past error on the nature of some of these.
Four new genera proposed are: Rhicnobelus n.gen. (Belidae, type-species
Pachyura metallicus Pascoe), Zelapterus n.gen. (Brentidae: Apioninae, type-species
Apion terricola Broun), Cecidophyus n.gen. (Apioninae, type-species C. nothofagi
n.sp.), and Strobilobius n.gen. (Apioninae, type-species S. libocedri n.sp.).
Agathinus Broun is removed from synonymy with Cyrotyphus Pascoe. Six new
species are erected: Rhinorhynchus halli n.sp., R. halocarpi n.sp., R. phyllocladi
n.sp., Cecidophyus nothofagi n.sp., Strobilobius libocedri n.sp., and Neocyba regalis
n.sp.. There are 4 new combinations proposed: Rhicnobelus aenescens (Broun), R.
metallicus (Pascoe), and R. rubicundus (Broun) are transferred from Pachyura to
Rhicnobelus; and Z. terricola (Broun) is transferred from Apion to Zelapterus.
New synonymies are: Pachyura albocoma (Broun), P. brookesi (Broun), P.
sumptuosus (Broun), and P. venustus (Broun) are synonymised with Rhicnobelus
metallicus (Pascoe); and Pachyura pilosus (Broun) and P. violaceus (Broun) are
synonymised with Rhicnobelus rubicundus (Broun).
The ratios for weevil groups on conifers with straight vs geniculate antennae
(Orthoceri over Gonatoceri) show markedly different percentages in the northern
and southern hemispheres. The percentage of conifer-associated Orthoceri over
Gonatoceri is 63% in New Zealand, 61% in Australia, 52% in Chile, and only 2.5%
in Europe. It is estimated that the New Zealand weevil fauna amounts to
approximately 1800 species. It currently numbers 1500 validly established names,
but about one-quarter of these are expected to fall into synonymy. Of the six
recognised orthocerous families, Attelabidae and Caridae are not represented. The
Anthribidae, Aglycyderinae (Belidae), and Apioninae (Brentidae) are most closely
related to the fauna of New Caledonia, Belinae with Australia, and Nemonychidae
with Chile. The early fossil fauna is summarised with comments on the status of
four weevil families based on strata imprints. The phylogenetic relationships of 28
terminal taxa of Belinae are discussed in Appendix 1, and the genus Atractuchus is
synonymised with Dicordylus.
Keywords. Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae, Curculionoidea, species rich-
ness, composition, biogeography, taxonomy, hosts, systematics, cladistics, keys.
Kuschel, G. 2003. Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae (Insecta: Coleoptera:
Curculionoidea). Fauna of New Zealand 45, 100 pp. [Appendix 1 citation: Kuschel,
G.; Leschen, R. A. B. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Belinae, pp.
48-55 In Kuschel, G. 2003. Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae (Insecta: Coleoptera:
Curculionoidea). Fauna of New Zealand 45, 100 pp.]
Received: 13 September 2001. Accepted: 30 August 2002.
10 Kuschel (2003): Nemonychidae, Belidae, Brentidae(Insecta: Coleoptera)
CHECKLIST OF TAXA CONTENTS
Family Nemonychidae..............................................17 Abstract................................................................9
Genus Rhinorhynchus Sharp, 1882 ..........................17 Checklist of taxa..................................................10
rufulus (Broun, 1880)..........................................19
Acknowledgments..............................................10
zealandicus Sharp, 1882
Introduction........................................................11
halocarpi sp. nov. ................................................20
Richness of the N.Z. weevil fauna................12
phyllocladi sp. nov. .............................................20
Composition of the N.Z. weevil fauna ..........13
halli sp. nov. ........................................................21
Family Belidae...........................................................21 Fossil evidence...................................................14
Subfamily Belinae Biogeographical notes........................................15
Genus Pachyurinus Kuschel, 1959............................22 Pouches in females.............................................16
sticticus (Broun, 1893) .........................................23 Conventions.......................................................16
Genus Rhicnobelus gen. nov......................................24 Key to families....................................................17
rubicundus (Broun, 1880) comb. nov..................24
Descriptions .......................................................17
pilosus Broun, 1909, Pachyura rubicunda var..
References..........................................................44
syn. nov.
Appendices
violaceus Broun, 1909, Pachyura syn. nov.
Apendix 1 Phylogenetic relationships of the gen-
metallicus (Pascoe, 1877) comb. nov...................25
albocoma Broun, 1893, Pachyura syn. nov. era of Belinae.................................................48
brookesi Broun, 1921, Pachyura syn. nov. Appendix 2 Collection details of specimens examined
sumptuosus Broun, 1880, Pachyura syn. nov. ........................................................................55
venustus Broun, 1909, Pachyura syn. nov. Illustrations.........................................................61
aenescens (Broun, 1915) comb. nov....................26 Distribution maps ...............................................89
Genus Agathinus Broun, 1880 reval. nov..................27 Taxonomic index .................................................94
tridens (Fabricius, 1775)......................................28
sextuberculatus White, 1846, Rhinaria
Subfamily Aglycyderinae
Genus Aralius Kuschel, 1990.....................................28 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Platycephala Montrouzier, 1861 (non Fallén,1820)
Sincere thanks are due to all those who in the past and
wollastoni (Sharp, 1876)......................................30
present helped to build up collections and gathered bio-
badius Broun, 1880, Aglycyderes
logical information enabling taxonomists to present a good
jeanneli Paulian, 1944, Platycephala
and comprehensive account on the New Zealand fauna by
Family Brentidae.......................................................31
covering all the main islands as well as the off-shore and
Subfamily Brentinae
out-lying islands; here are their names in alphabetical or-
Genus Lasiorhynchus Lacordaire, 1866.....................31
der: D. J. Allan, J. S. Armstrong, B. I. P. Barratt, R. A. L.
barbicornis (Fabricius, 1775)...............................33
Batley, R. N. Battrick, M. H. Benn, B. G. Bennett, R. H.
assimilis Fabricius, 1775, Curculio
Blank, A. E. Brookes, T. Broun, R. M. Bull, C. F. Butcher,
Subfamily Apioninae.................................................34
A. T. Calvell, A. Carson, M. W. Carter, A. E. Clarke, C. E.
Tribe Rhadinocybini
Clarke, J. M. Cleary, R. Clouston, T. Cockcroft, J. M. Cox
Genus Zelapterus gen. nov..........................................34
(Johannesson), M. Crapp, R. C. Craw, T. K. Crosby, A.
terricola (Broun, 1923) comb. nov.......................35
Davies, T. H. Davies, E. B. DeCleene, L. L. Deitz, P. J.
Genus Cecidophyus gen. nov......................................36
Devlin, J. M. Dingley, C. Duffy, J. S. Dugdale, L. J.
nothofagi sp. nov.................................................37
Dumbleton, J. W. Early, J. S. Edwards, R. M. Emberson,
Genus Strobilobius gen. nov.......................................38
M. J. Esson, P. Everett, A. C. Eyles, E. Fairburn, C. A.
libocedri sp. nov...................................................39
Fleming, M. R. R. Foord, S. Forgie, R. R. Forster, K. J.
Genus Neocyba Kissinger, 1968.................................39
Fox, C. M. Fraser, A. Fergusson, R. A. Galbreath, G. W.
metrosideros (Broun, 1880) ..................................40
Gibbs, B. B. Given, E. S. Gourlay, A. B. Grace, S. Grant,
regalis sp. nov. .....................................................41
B. F. Gregory, T. Hall, A. Hamilton, T. R. Harris, R. A.
Tribe Apionini
Harrison, D. W. Helmore, R. C. Henderson, E. Hilario, G.
Genus Exapion Bedel , 1887......................................42
Hitchings, R. J. B. Hoare, D. Holdom, G. G. Hole, B. A.
ulicis (Forster, 1771) ...........................................42