Neither a Hawk Nor a Dove: An Insider's Account of Pakistan's Foreign Policy PDF
Preview Neither a Hawk Nor a Dove: An Insider's Account of Pakistan's Foreign Policy
KHURSHID MAHMUD KASURI NEITHER A HAWK NOR A DOVE An Insider’s Account Of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy PENGUIN BOOKS Contents Preface Chapters 1. Early Years The Context Family: Opposing Influences My Paternal Family My Maternal Family Nawab Shams-ud-Din Ahmed Khan of Loharu and Ferozepur Jhirka Murders the British Resident Fraser Fane Road Residence: An Open House 2. Pakistan’s Security Dilemma: Quest for Strategic Balance Section I The Wounds of Partition Dimensions of Partition Troubled Relations with India Assessing Liaquat Ali Khan’s Western Tilt Pakistan-US Alliance: An Intricate Balancing Act India and Afghanistan Warming of Relations with China: 1963–1971 Vigour and New Vision in Foreign Policy: 1972–1977 The 1974 Islamic Summit in Lahore Revival of Pakistan-US Alliance over Afghanistan: Repercussions The 1990s: A Decade of Missed Opportunities The Fallout of Nuclear Tests by India and Pakistan Pakistan’s Troubled Relations with the Soviet Union/Russia The 9/11 and Its Aftermath Section II Assuming Office: Some Background Guiding Principles Historical Distortions and Lessons Cultural and Artistic Fusion Fault-Lines between Pakistan and India Indian Muslims Pakistan’s Geostrategic Significance Pakistan’s ‘National Interest’ ‘Peace with Honour’ 3. India: ‘A Road Less Travelled’ Return from the Brink The Beginning of the Normalization Process with India The Agra Summit I Favour Civil Society Interaction A Breakthrough in 2004 Vajpayee’s Second Visit to Pakistan in Five Years ‘The Handshake that Changed History’ India-Pakistan Joint Press Statement of 6 January 2004 in Islamabad Reactions to the Statement America’s Role in Pakistan-India Peace Process Generating a Momentum for Peace Out-of-the-Box Thinking My First Visit to New Delhi Natwar’s Productive Visit to Islamabad Agreement on Allowing Kashmiri Leaders to Travel to Pakistan Commencement of Muzaffarabad-Srinagar Bus Service Backchannel Established Musharraf Visits Delhi in a Carnival Atmosphere 'Great Leap Forward'—Sonia Smiles at Last! Irreversibility of the Peace Process Crossing the Rubicon: The Bus Service Across the LoC Compared to the Crossing of the Berlin Wall The Drama of L. K. Advani’s Visit to Pakistan Kashmiri Leaders’ Visit to Pakistan—A Tentative Beginning to a Dialogue between Pakistan, India, and the Kashmiris Indo-Pak Showdown in New York I Invite Natwar to Nathiagali, Where Ayub Khan Had Invited Nehru A Case of Good Cop/Bad Cop? Water Disputes: A Major Threat to Peace Why Dialogue Survived Despite the 2006 Mumbai Train Bombings Reviewing Progress on the Eight Points of the Composite Dialogue Mukherjee Accepts My Proposal on Treatment of Prisoners A New Dynamic at Work The Lingering Issues of Siachen and Sir Creek 4. Interrupted Symphony: Contours of Backchannel Settlement on Kashmir Kashmir: The Evolving Positions of Pakistan and India A New Kashmir Resolution? Our Success in Preventing Deletion of Kashmir from the UN Agenda The Envoys’ Conferences Why the Backchannel? Framework for a Kashmir Settlement Contours of the Agreement on Jammu & Kashmir Demilitarization Centres to Wean Militants Away Through DDR: The Challenge of Non-State Actors Self-Governance Elections Defining Units of Kashmir Joint Mechanism Common Policies towards Development and Water Resources Monitoring and Review Process Treaty of Peace, Security, and Friendship Line of Control: A Line on the Map An Evaluation of the Possible Settlement A Response to the Criticism of Our Policy on Kashmir The Way Forward Reducing Trust Deficit Through Creating Commonalties of Interests Trade Agreements for Resolving Issues Involving Disagreement The Media and the Peace Process Promotion of Friendly Exchanges Student Visas Sports Soft Power Culture Films Views of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi on Friendly Relations Between India and Pakistan Narendra Modi’s Victory: Its Likely Impact The Cold Start Doctrine Tactical Nuclear Weapons 5. The Pakistan Army and India My Interactions and Observations Pak-India Wars and Near-War Situations The Kashmir War (1948–1949) The 1965 Indo-Pak War The 1971 War and Beyond: A Defining Time in Pakistan-India Relations Near-War Crises Operation Brasstacks The Kashmir Crisis, 1990 The Kargil War The Mumbai Attacks My Interactions with the Pakistan Army Generals ‘From North Waziristan to Karachi!’ Relationship of the Army and Political Governments Dixit’s Bombshell! My Relationship with President Pervez Musharraf and the Issue of My ‘Resignation’ The Pakistan Army: An Obstacle to Peaceful Relations with India? Some Observations: Army Wants a Just and Equitable Peace with India Need for a Coordinating Body 6. Afghanistan Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose (The more things change, the more they stay the same) Common Historical, Religious, Cultural, and Ethnic Bonds Pashtunwali Close People-to-People Contact An Early Case of the Pashtun-Tajik Rivalry The Idea of Pak-Afghan Confederation Exchanges with Ethnic Leaders Contrasting Narratives about the Security Situation in Afghanistan My First Visit Abroad as Foreign Minister Conference on Afghanistan Karzai’s Inflammatory Message Prior to His Visit Fireworks at Aiwan-e-Sadr Karzai Asks Me: ‘Why Does Pakistan Look Down upon the Afghans!’ Pakistan at the G-8 Conference on Afghanistan in Potsdam Pak-Afghan Bilateral Relationship Equitable Sharing of Common Water Resources Pak-Afghan Economic Cooperation: Full Potential of Trade Unrealized Pakistan Is Key to Solutions in Afghanistan Pak-India Normalization to Help in Stabilizing Afghanistan Recent Positive Developments 7. Pakistan and the United States: ‘The Odd Couple’ Historical Perspective ‘Pakistan Succumbed to Just One Call from Washington’ Bin Laden’s Escape from Tora Bora ‘Osama bin Laden in a Pakistani Jail’ ‘Welcome to the Club of Foreign Ministers’ First US Visit: Seventy-Six High-Level Interactions The Issue of National Security Entry-Exit Registration System The Issue of Nuclear Non-Proliferation US Facilitation on Pak-India Dialogue Rumsfeld Takes a Hard Line on Iraq The US Congress Supportive Cross-LoC Movement Afghanistan The Issue of Pakistani Prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and in Afghanistan Raised Forcefully Pakistan’s Opposition to the War against Iraq The A. Q. Khan Saga Strengthening of Pakistan's Nuclear Oversight Concern about Attack on Iran Bombing of Lebanon and Tensions with the United States A Candid Conversation with Condoleezza Rice 'Weekday Meeting' at a ‘Weekend Retreat’ Pak-US Relations Broadened Defence Cooperation Delivery of F-16s to Pakistan at Last! Declaration of Pakistan as a Major Non-NATO Ally Reimbursement of Coalition Support Fund Economic Cooperation Reconstruction Opportunity Zones Earthquake Relief and Reconstruction Civil Nuclear Energy Cooperation Pakistan’s Reaction to the Indo-US Agreement on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy Meeting President Bush at the Oval Office Preparation for the Strategic Partnership Agreement Bush Visits Pakistan All Lights Turned Off A Matter of Protocol Strategic Partnership FATA: Pakistan Accused of Playing a ‘Double Game’ and of ‘Running with the Hare and Hunting with the Hound’ Pakistan’s Dilemma Peace Agreements with Militants? Dick Cheney Visits Islamabad to Voice Concerns a bout the Waziristan Situation Reforms in FATA Drone Attacks in FATA Pakistan: A Friend or a Foe? How the Government Handled Lingering Negative Perceptions on Both Sides Pakistan-US Relations: Likely to Endure Despite Problems 8. Pakistan’s Diplomatic Outreach: Proactive Engagement with the World China: Strengthening a Strategic Relationship Nuclear Power Plants The Silk Route China-Pakistan Economic Corridor from Gwadar to Kashgar Chinese Experience and Lessons for Pakistan China and India Human Resource Development and Educational Reforms in China Pivot to Asia ‘Get Closer to China; Call OIC Meeting’ Syndrome Russia Pak-Russian Relationsa fter 9/11 Events in the Crimea Complex Relations with Some Leading Muslim Countries and Challenge for Pakistan Turkish-Saudi-Iranian Relations Saudi Arabia: A Reliable and Trusted Friend The Gulf Region Turkey: Special Relationship with Pakistan Iran: Old Cultural and Historical Bonds Meeting with the Israeli Foreign Minister: A Politically Risky Enterprise ‘Why Are You More Palestinian than the Palestinians Themselves?’ Bangladesh Improving Relations with Britain Major Democracies of the Commonwealth The European Union Japan The International Community’s Heart-Warming Response Following the Earthquake 9. The Foreign Office Section I Does the Foreign Office Formulate Foreign Policy? Historical Perspective Pakistani Diplomats: ‘A Formidable Group’ The Golden Age of the United Nations The Coordinating Role of the Foreign Office in the 1960s Active Role of the Foreign Office in the Opening-Up of Relations with China Pakistan Without a Foreign Minister During the 1971 War Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: A Deep Imprint on the Foreign Policy of Pakistan The Afghan Jihad and Decline in the Role of the Foreign Office A Period of ‘Systemic Failure’ The Palestine Initiative: Go-Slow Approach Adopted The Role of the Foreign Office After 9/11 Invaluable Role of the Foreign Office in Ensuring Civil Nuclear Cooperation with China Indispensable Work of the Foreign Office The Foreign Office and the Backchannel on Kashmir Need for a High-Level Inter-Ministerial Coordination Committee An Effective Foreign Office Team Periodic Consultations with Former Foreign Secretaries and Others The Growing Importance of Women Foreign Service Officers Misperceptions about the Quality of Life of Pakistani Diplomats Section II Media and Public Diplomacy The Role of Personal Relationships in Diplomacy Illustrations Footnotes 1. Early Years Notes 1. Early Years 2. Pakistan’s Security Dilemma: Quest for Strategic Balance 3. India: ‘A Road Less Travelled’ 4. Interrupted Symphony: Contours of Backchannel Settlement on Kashmir 5. The Pakistan Army and India 6. Afghanistan 7. Pakistan and the United States: ‘The Odd Couple’ 8. Pakistan’s Diplomatic Outreach: Proactive Engagement with the World 9. The Foreign Office Acknowledgements Follow Penguin Copyright
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