Neighbourhoods of Poverty: Urban Social Exclusion and Integration in Europe

270 Pages·2006·31.266 MB·English

by  Sako Musterd, Alan Murie, Christian Kesteloot (eds.)

Neighbourhoods of Poverty
Neighbourhoods of Poverty
Urban Social Exclusion and Integration in
Europe
Edited by
Sako Musterd
Alan Murie
Christian Kesteloot
* Editorial matter and selection and Chapter 13 © Sako Musterd, Alan Murie
& Christian Kesteloot 2006
Chapter 1 © Sako Musterd & Alan Murie 2006
Chapter 2 © Andreas Kapphan & Hartmut Haussermann 2006
Chapter 3 © lnge van Nieuwenhuyze & jan Vranken 2006
Chapter 4 © Wim Ostendorf & joos Droogleever Fortuijn 2006
Chapter 5 © Martin Kronauer, Peter Nolter & Berthold Vogel 2006
Chapter 6 © Alberta Andreotti 2006
Chapter 7 © Ronald van Kempen 2006
Chapter 8 © Elise Palomares, Patrick Simon 2006
Chapter 9 © justin Beaumont 2006
Chapter 10 © Peter Lee, Alan Murie & Riette Oosthuizen 2006
Chapter 11 © Enrica Morlicchio & Enrico Pugliese 2006
Chapter 12 © Christian Kesteloot & Pascale Mistiaen 2006
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Neighbourhoods of poverty: urban social exclusion and integration in
Europe I edited by Sako Musterd, Alan Murie, Christian Kesteloot.
p. em.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4039-9316-8 (cloth)
1. Urban poor-Europe. 2. Poverty-Europe. 3. Marginality, Social
Europe. 4. Neighborhood-Economic aspects-Europe-Case studies.
5. Neighborhood -Social aspects-Europe-Case studies. 6. Urban
geography-Europe. 7. Space in economics. I. Title: Neighborhoods of
poverty. II. Musterd, Sako. Ill. Murie, Alan. IV. Kesteloot, Christian.
HV4084.A5N45 2006
362.5'2094091732-dc22 2005044653
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
Contents
List o{ Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Acknowledgements ix
List o{ Contributors X
1 The Spatial Dimensions of Urban Social Exclusion and
Integration 1
Sako Musterd and Alan Murie
2 Berlin: Opportunities, Constraints and Strategies of the
Urban Poor 17
Andreas Kapphan and Hartmut Haussermann
3 Antwerp: Confronting the Social and Spatial 35
Irzge van Nieuwenhuyze and Jan Vranken
4 Amsterdam: Gender and Poverty 52
Wim Ostendorf and Joos Droogleever Fortuijn
5 Hamburg: Contradicting Neighbourhood Effects on Poverty 70
Martin Kronauer, Peter Noller and Berthold Vogel
6 Milan: Urban Poverty in a Wealthy City 87
Alberta Andreotti
7 Rotterdam: Social Contacts in Poor Neighbourhoods 102
Ronald van Kempen
8 Paris: Neighbourhood Identity as a Resource for the
Urban Poor 120
Elise Palomares and Patrick Simon
9 London: Deprivation, Social Isolation and Regeneration 139
Justin Beaumont
10 Birmingham: Narratives of Neighbourhood Transition 162
Peter Lee, Alan Murie and Riette Oosthuizen
11 Naples: Unemployment and Spatial Exclusion 180
Enrica Morlicchio and Enrico Pugliese
12 Brussels: Neighbourhoods as Generators of Integration 198
Christian Kesteloot and Pascale Mistiaen
v
vi Contents
13 European Cities: Neighbourhood Matters 219
Christian Kesteloot, Alan Murie and Sako Musterd
References 239
Index 251
List of Tables
4.1 Male and female labour market participation in eight
countries of the European Union 1970-2000 56
4.2 Part-time work (less than 30 hours per week) of men and
women in eight countries of the European Union
1990-2000 as percentage of total employment 56
4.3 Labour market participation and unemployment of
people in different household types in The Netherlands
1999 57
4.4 Residential quality of Landlust and Osdorp-Midden based
on judgements of the residents as compared to their
benchmark-neighbourhoods and to Amsterdam in 2001 61
9.1 Profiles of interview respondents on the Ethelred Estate,
2000-1 145
9.2 Profiles of interview respondents on the Clapham
Park Estate, 2000-1 152
12.1 Some characteristics of deprived neighbourhoods, the
Marolles and Kersenhoek in Brussels 1991-8 203
13.1 A classification of the opportunities in neighbourhoods
in each of the eleven URBEX cities (and their metropolitan
areas) in six welfare states 227
vii
List of Figures
2.1 Location of research areas in Berlin 22
3.1 Selection of deprived neighbourhoods in Antwerp city 37
(Source: ISEG KU-Leuven; K. Pelemans and F. Guldentops)
4.1 The spatial distribution of poverty in Amsterdam, 1998 58
6.1 The social status of Milan neighbourhoods, 2000 89
(Source: Comune di Milano and Dipartimento
Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale, Milan Bicocca)
7.1 The location of Tarwewijk and Hoogvliet-Noord in the
Rotterdam area 106
8.1 Ile-de-France, with the two neighbourhoods of Montreuil
and La Courneuve 123
9.1 London and its constituent boroughs 143
10.1 Location of study areas in Birmingham 165
11.1 Some elements of the socio-spatial structure of Naples 183
12.1 Types of deprived areas in Brussels Capital Region and
studied areas 200
12.2 Correspondence analysis on causes of exclusion: plot on
the first two dimensions 206
12.3 Correspondence analysis on resources in the sphere of
market exchange: plot on the first two dimensions 207
12.4 Correspondence analysis on resources in the sphere of
redistribution: plot on the first two dimensions 209
12.5 Correspondence analysis on resources in the sphere of
reciprocity: plot on the first two dimensions 212
12.6 Correspondence analysis on access to means of existence
and their location on the first two dimensions 213
12.7 Correspondence analysis on attitudes towards exclusion:
plot on the first two dimensions 214
13.1 The spatial dimension of the spheres of economic
integration 223
(Source: ISEG KU-Leuven; adapted from Kesteloot 1998)
viii
Acknowledgements
This book has been developed on the basis of a four-year international com
parative research project called: The Spatial Dimensions of Urban Social
Exclusion and Integration: A European Comparison (URBEX). Eleven cities
and 22 neighbourhoods were our targets of research. We are grateful to
the European Commision who financed this project in the final phase of the
Fourth RTD Framework Programme, in the domain of Targeted Socio
Economic Research (SOE2-CT98-3072).
Many people have played an important role in this project, not least sev
eral hundreds of neighbourhood inhabitants and other key persons we
interviewed who allowed us to collect the information we required. People
back-stage were also highly important to the success of this project. We
would like to mention Dick van der Vaart, who has managed the non-sci
entific part of the programme and allowed us to focus on the academic side;
and we also would like to thank Brooke Sykes, who corrected most of the
English in the final phase of this project.
The book also owes to the Flemish Fund of Scientific Research, FWO
Vlaanderen. They financed for a 5 year period a scientific network on 'Social
integration and exclusion processes and urban policy in Europe' in which
all URBEX teams worked together with additional Flemish and Brussels
research teams. Most of the book chapters were thoroughly discussed at sev
eral meetings of the network in Brussels, Leuven and Naples. We especially
thank Yuri Kazepov, Pieter Saey, Henk Meert, Katleen Peleman, Maarten
Loopmans, Filip De Maesschalck, Sarah Luyten, Matti Korteinen, Fulong
Wu, Ugo Rossi and Jonathan Pratschke for their helpful comments.
Sako Musterd
Alan Murie
Chris Kesteloot
ix
List of Contributors
Alberta Andreotti: Researcher, Sociologist, Department of Sociology,
University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
justin Beaumont: Researcher Urban Planning, Department of Planning,
Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
]oos Droogleever Fortuijn: Associate Professor in Human Geography,
Department of Geography, Planning and International Development
Studies, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hartmut Haussermann: Professor of Sociology, Department of Urban and
Regional Sociology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.
Andreas Kapphan: Urban Sociologist, Bureau SMS (Urban research, migra
tion and social analysis), Berlin, Germany.
Christian Kesteloot: Professor of Urban Geography at the Institute of Social
and Economic Geography, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
Martin Kronauer: Professor of Sociology at the Fachhochschule fUr
Wirtschaft Berlin, Germany.
Peter Lee: Researcher, Centre for Urban and Regional Studies, University of
Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Pascale Mistiaen: Researcher at the Institute of Social and Economic
Geography, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
Enrica Morlicchio: Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology,
University of Naples Federicoii, Naples, Italy.
Alan Murie: Professor of Urban and Regional Studies, Centre for Urban and
Regional Studies, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Sako Musterd: Professor of Urban Geography, Department of Geography,
Planning and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam,
The Netherlands.
Inge van Nieuwenhuyze: Researcher, Department of Sociology and Social
Policy, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
X