Negotiating Languages: Urdu, Hindi, and the Definition of Modern South Asia

317 Pages·2016·12.511 MB·

by  Walter N. Hakala

NEGOTIATING LANGUAGES
SOUTH ASIA ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES
SOUTH ASIA ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES
(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2)
(cid:4469)(cid:4449)(cid:4601)(cid:4839)(cid:4469)(cid:4449) (cid:4413)(cid:4922) (cid:4704)(cid:4860)(cid:4948)(cid:4240)(cid:4518)(cid:4518)(cid:4240)(cid:4808) (cid:4240)(cid:4680)(cid:4240)(cid:4704), (cid:4808)(cid:4738)(cid:4413)(cid:4469)(cid:4808)(cid:4839) (cid:4544)(cid:4738)(cid:4680)(cid:4449)(cid:4704)(cid:4240)(cid:4712),
(cid:4240)(cid:4712)(cid:4449) (cid:4544)(cid:4240)(cid:4860)(cid:4808)(cid:4601) (cid:4895)(cid:4601)(cid:4824)(cid:4906)(cid:4240)(cid:4712)(cid:4240)(cid:4839)(cid:4566)(cid:4240)(cid:4712)
(cid:4449)(cid:4601)(cid:4793)(cid:4469)(cid:4824)(cid:4566) (cid:4432)(cid:4566)(cid:4240)(cid:4659)(cid:4808)(cid:4240)(cid:4413)(cid:4240)(cid:4808)(cid:4839)(cid:4922), (cid:4824)(cid:4566)(cid:4469)(cid:4680)(cid:4449)(cid:4738)(cid:4712) (cid:4793)(cid:4738)(cid:4680)(cid:4680)(cid:4738)(cid:4432)(cid:4659),
(cid:4240)(cid:4712)(cid:4449) (cid:4824)(cid:4240)(cid:4712)(cid:4646)(cid:4240)(cid:4922) (cid:4824)(cid:4860)(cid:4413)(cid:4808)(cid:4240)(cid:4566)(cid:4704)(cid:4240)(cid:4712)(cid:4922)(cid:4240)(cid:4704), (cid:4518)(cid:4738)(cid:4860)(cid:4712)(cid:4449)(cid:4601)(cid:4712)(cid:4544) (cid:4469)(cid:4449)(cid:4601)(cid:4839)(cid:4738)(cid:4808)(cid:4824)
Funded by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and jointly published by the Univer-
sity of California Press, the University of Chicago Press, and Columbia University Press
South Asia Across the Disciplines is a series devoted to publishing (cid:1006)rst books across a wide range
of South Asian studies, including art, history, philology or textual studies, philosophy, reli-
gion, and the interpretive social sciences. Series authors all share the goal of opening up new
archives and suggesting new methods and approaches, while demonstrating that South Asian
scholarship can be at once deep in expertise and broad in appeal.
For a list of books in the series, see page 289.
NEGOTIATING
LANGUAGES
urdu, hindi, and the definition
of modern south asia
Walter N. Hakala
(cid:4432)(cid:4738)(cid:4680)(cid:4860)(cid:4704)(cid:4413)(cid:4601)(cid:4240) (cid:4860)(cid:4712)(cid:4601)(cid:4895)(cid:4469)(cid:4808)(cid:4824)(cid:4601)(cid:4839)(cid:4922) (cid:4793)(cid:4808)(cid:4469)(cid:4824)(cid:4824)
(cid:4712)(cid:4469)(cid:4906) (cid:4922)(cid:4738)(cid:4808)(cid:4659)
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New (cid:60)ork Chichester, West Sussex
cup.columbia.edu
Copyright © 2016 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Hakala, Walter N., author.
Title: Negotiating languages : Urdu, Hindi, and the de(cid:1006)nition of modern South Asia /
Walter N. Hakala.
Description: New (cid:60)ork : Columbia University Press, [2016] (cid:95)
Series: South Asia across the Disciplines (cid:95) Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identi(cid:1006)ers: LCCN 2015040766 (cid:95) ISBN 9780231178303 (alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Multilingualism—South Asia. (cid:95) Language and languages—South Asia. (cid:95)
Historical linguistics—South Asia. (cid:95) Sociolinguistics—South Asia. (cid:95) South Asia—Languages.
Classi(cid:1006)cation: LCC P115.5S623 H35 2016 (cid:95) DDC 306.442/9143054—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015040766
Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper.
Printed in the United States of America
c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Cover design: Jordan Wannemacher

For Jinhee

CONTENTS
List of Figures xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Note on Transliteration xvii
Chronology xix
a plot discovered 1
(cid:2) 1 (cid:3)
(cid:2) 2 (cid:3) 1700: between microhistory
and macrostructures 33
(cid:2) 3 (cid:3) 1800: through the veil of poetry 76
(cid:2) 4 (cid:3) 1900: lexicography and the self 115
(cid:2) 5 (cid:3) 1900: grasping at straws 155
conclusion 189
Notes 201
Bibliography 253
Index 277