Neglected Tropical Diseases - Latin America and the Caribbean PDF
Preview Neglected Tropical Diseases - Latin America and the Caribbean
Neglected Tropical Diseases Carlos Franco-Paredes José Ignacio Santos-Preciado Editors Neglected Tropical Diseases - Latin America and the Caribbean Neglected Tropical Diseases SeriesEditors Dr.PeterHotez DepartmentofPediatrics BaylorCollegeofMedicine TexasChildren’sHospital Texas,USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11165 Carlos Franco-Paredes Jose´ Ignacio Santos-Preciado Editors Neglected Tropical Diseases - Latin America and the Caribbean Editors CarlosFranco-Paredes Jose´IgnacioSantos-Preciado DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases UnidaddeMedicinaExperimental,Facultad HospitalInfantildeMe´xico deMedicina FedericoG(cid:1)omez UniversidadNacionalAut(cid:1)onomadeMe´xico Me´xicoD.F. Me´xicoD.F. Me´xico Me´xico ISSN2194-8275 ISSN2194-8283 (electronic) NeglectedTropicalDiseases ISBN978-3-7091-1421-6 ISBN978-3-7091-1422-3 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-7091-1422-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015939275 SpringerWienHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©Springer-VerlagWien2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer-VerlagGmbHWienispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword Increasingevidencemostlyemergingoverthelastdecadeindicatesthatneglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are widespread in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, especially among the regions’ poorest people. Today among the almost600millionpeoplewholiveinLAC,closeto100millionpeopleliveonless than$2perday,ofwhomaboutone-halflivebelowtheWorldBankpovertyfigure of$1.25day(Hotezetal.2013). Virtuallyeverypersonlivingatthislevelofpovertyisinfectedwithoneormore NTDs, led by the intestinal helminth infections—ascariasis (86 million people), trichuriasis(72million),andhookworminfection(30million)(Pullanetal.2014)— and Chagasdisease (7–8million).Moreover, denguefeverhas becomewidespread both among the poor and middle-class populations, with some estimates indicating that there are more than 50 million incident cases (Bhatt et al. 2013). Other NTDs suchaslymphaticfilariasis(LF),leishmaniasis,andschistosomiasisarestillcommon insomefocalareasoftheLACregion. The consequences of such high disease burdens go beyond public health. The NTDs havebeenshowntoreinforceandpromotepovertythroughtheirlong-term anddebilitatingfeatures.Theyaffectbothagriculturalandurbanproductivityand block children from growing to their full intellectual potential. The NTDs also disproportionately affected girls and women. Indigenous populations in the LAC regionareespeciallyvulnerable. This volume, coedited by Dr. Carlos Franco-Paredes and Dr. Jose Ignacio Santos-Preciado, attempts to do a “deep dive” on the problems of NTDs in the LACregion.HehaspulledtogetherexpertsonallofthemajorNTDshighlighted above,aswellasthoseweoftendonothearaboutfrequently,suchasbartonellosis, cysticercosis, and fascioliasis. The volume will also provide useful updates on efforts to control or even eliminate some key NTDs in the Western Hemisphere, such as leprosy, LF, onchcoerciasis, and vivax malaria. Some of these efforts are v vi Foreword being conducted under the auspices of achieving 2012 London Declaration for NTDstargetsanda2013WorldHealthAssemblyresolutionfortheNTDs. There is much written here about some of the major forces that currently promote the emergence or reemergence of key NTDs, including physical and environmental factors such as deforestation, as well as social forces of poverty, conflict,urbanization,andhumanmigrations. Thisvolumeisagreatopportunityforreaderstoobtainanin-depthoverviewof theproblemsofNTDsintheLACregion.IcongratulateDr.Franco-Paredesandhis colleaguesfortheirefforts! PeterJ.Hotez SabinVaccineInstituteandTexasChildren’s HospitalCenterforVaccineDevelopment, NationalSchoolofTropicalMedicine, BaylorCollegeofMedicine, Houston,USA References BhattS,GethingPW,BradyOJ,MessinaJP,FarlowAW,MoyesCL,DrakeJM,BrownsteinJS, HoenAG,SankohO,MyersMF,GeorgeDB,JaenischT,WintGR,SimmonsCP,ScottTW, Farrar JJ, Hay SI (2013) The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature 496 (7446):504–507.doi:10.1038/nature12060 Hotez PJ, Dumonteil E, Heffernan MJ, Bottazzi ME (2013) Innovation for the ‘bottom 100 million’: eliminating neglected tropical diseases in the Americas. Adv Exp Med Biol 764:1–12 PullanRL,SmithJL,JasrasariaR,BrookerSJ(2014)Globalnumbersofinfectionanddisease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors 7:37. doi: 10.1186/ 1756-3305-7-37 Contents TheNeglectedTropicalDiseasesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean: BurdenofDiseaseandApproachesforEliminationandControl. . . . . . 1 CarlosFranco-ParedesandJose´ IgnacioSantos-Preciado SchistosomiasisinAmerica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 OscarNoya,NaftaleKatz,JeanPierrePointier,Andre´ Theron, andBelkisyole´ Alarc(cid:1)ondeNoya ChagasDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 AnisRassiJr,AnisRassi,andJoseAntonioMarin-Neto HookwormInfectioninLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanRegion. . . . 73 SorayaGaze,LilianL.Bueno,andRicardoT.Fujiwara PlasmodiumvivaxMalariainLatinAmerica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 AlfonsoJ.Rodriguez-Morales,Adria´nBol´ıvar-Mej´ıa, CamilaAlarc(cid:1)on-Olave,andLaurenS.Calvo-Betancourt LeishmaniasisintheAmericas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 JulioVladimirCruz-Chan,JesusValenzuela,andEricDumonteil Fascioliasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 S.Mas-Coma,M.A.Valero,andM.D.Bargues ARoadmapFollowed:ThePathTowardstheElimination ofOnchocerciasisinLatinAmerica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 MarioA.Rodr´ıguez-Pe´rez,EdgarE.Lara-Ram´ırez,OlgaReal-Najarro, andThomasR.Unnasch LeprosyinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean:BurdenofDisease andApproachesforElimination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 CarlosFranco-Paredes,AnnaHare,andCarlosdelRio vii viii Contents Carrion’sDisease2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 CiroMagui~naandEduardoGotuzzo DengueinLatinAmerica:APersistentandGrowingPublicHealth Challenge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 HugoLopez-Gatell,MauricioHernandez-Avila,JuanE.Herna´ndezAvila, andCeliaM.Alpuche-Aranda CysticercosisDiseaseBurdeninLatinAmerica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 JaimeR.Torres AtlasofHistopathologyofSelectedNeglectedTropicalDiseases PrevalentinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 JeannetteGuarner The Neglected Tropical Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean: Burden of Disease and Approaches for Elimination and Control CarlosFranco-ParedesandJose´ IgnacioSantos-Preciado Contents 1 OverviewoftheNeglectedTropicalDiseasesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean....... 2 2 ControlandEliminationofNTDsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.................... 7 References.......................................................................................... 9 Abstract Neglectedtropicaldiseases(NTDs)haveafflictedhumankindsincetime immemorial, and their impact has impacted, and continues to do so, leading to disabling, deforming, stigmatizing diseases. This group of diseases decreases the freedoms and capabilities of individuals leading to economic poverty and under- development. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the toll associated with many neglected tropical diseases is similar, if not higher, than that of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in this region. Fortunately, through the use of stepped-up advocacy, partnerships, resource mobilization, capacity enhancement, and careful allocation of resources, a number of NTDs can be controlled and potentially eliminated in LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean. Keywords Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) • Latin America • Caribbean • Chagas disease • Leprosy • Schistosomiasis • Soil-transmitted helminthes • Leptospirosis • Bartonellosis • Trichuriasis • Lymphatic filariasis • Hookworm • Cysticercosis•Leishmaniasis•Onchocerciasis•Yellowfever C.Franco-Paredes,MD,MPH(*) DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases,HospitalInfantildeMe´xico,FedericoGomez,Dr.Ma´rquez 162,Cuauhte´moc,Col.Doctores,C.P.06720,Me´xicoD.F.,Me´xico e-mail:[email protected] J.I.Santos-Preciado,M.D.,M.Sc. UnidaddeMedicinaExperimental,FacultaddeMedicina,UniversidadNacionalAut(cid:1)onomade Me´xico,Me´xicoD.F.,Me´xico e-mail:[email protected] ©Springer-VerlagWien2015 1 C.Franco-Paredes,J.I.Santos-Preciado(eds.),NeglectedTropicalDiseases-Latin AmericaandtheCaribbean,NeglectedTropicalDiseases, DOI10.1007/978-3-7091-1422-3_1
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