Near East South Asia Pakistan

60 Pages·14.3 MB·English

by  United States Joint Publications Research Service

ROADCAST
—JPRS Report—
Near East &
South Asia
PAKISTAN
Near East & South Asia
PAKISTAN
JPRS-NEA-92-004 CONTENTS 16 January 1992
POLITICAL
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Government Incapable of Compromise With U.S. /JASARAT 15 Nov] ......cccccccccccccceeeescesesesessseeeees l
Editorial Expresses Hope for End of U.S. ‘Discrimination’ /MASHRIQ 23 Nov] .............c0cc000000+ l
Foreign Aid Termed ‘Waste,’ Self-Sufficiency Urged /AMN 23 NO] u......ccccccccssscsscseeeceesseseseseseeeeees 2
U.S. Attacked for Accusation of Terrorism /NAWA-I-WAQT 25 Nov] ........ccccccccsssssceeeceessescsesseseeeees 3
Government Criticized for Attitude Towards U.S. /NAWA-I-WAQT 8 Dec) .......c..cccccccccccsessssseseeees 4
Interior Minister Accuses U.S. of ‘Interference’ /NAWA-I-WAQT 8 Dec] .........ccccccccccccccesssssessseeeeees 4
VOA Alleged To Confirm Indian Terrorism (JANG 18 NOV] ........cccccccccccscsesssssssssesceeseseceseeeteseseseeees a
China Seid Asking Protection of Karokaram Highway /NAWA-I-WAQT 8 Dec] ..............cc0ccc000000+. 5
Defense Cooperation With Iran, China Detailed /HURMAT 28 Nov] .o........cccccccccceeecececsscssssseeeeeees 5
REGIONAL AFFAIRS
Article Views Repatriation in Biharis in Bangladesh o.oo... ccccccccceseceeeeseeseessseseeeeeeeeeeeesesenseaeeees 6
Living Conditions ‘Deplorable’ /THE FRONTIER POST 22 Nov] .0.......ccccccccccccccccceseeseseeeeeees 6
Face Ethnic Rage /THE FRONTIER POST 22 Nov] .u...c.cccccccccccscssssessesssseseseseeeeeeeneceesensneeeenes 9
To Return in Phases DAWN 16 Now] .o...........ccccccccccscssessesseeceescecsseesseesseseeseseaceeeeeeeesscencacseeneees 9
Repatriation Before July (DAWN 17 Nov] o.........ccccccccscscsscsssessseesseeseesseeseseesescseeeeeeeeeessesesrseeeees 10
Will Inflame Tensions /THE NATION 21] Now] .o...ccccccccccsscsscesseesseescesseseeseseseseeeeeeesseesscseseseeeees 10
Indian Combat Capabilities, Orientation Examined /THE FRONTIER POST 21 Nov/_ ................- 12
Increased Publicity of Kashmir Situation Urged /THE NATION 15 Nov] 00......cccccccccccccccscceseseseeeeees 14
Arms Worth $2 Million Exported to Saudi Arabia /NAWA-I-WAQT 27 Nov] 00.........c0ccccccccceceseeee 16
INTERNAL AFFAIRS
President-Prime Minister Relationship Examined /AMN 12 Nov] ..........ccccccccccsssscccseceeeeeeessetesereeseees 17
President Refuses To Deny Military Nature of Nuclear Program /THE NATION 4 Dec/.............. 17
Analyst Favors Peace, Nuclear Disarmament /THE FRONTIER POST 20 Nov) ................0c0000006+- 18
Internal Conflict Seen Escalating /NAWA-I-WAQT 20 Oct] oo... .cccccccccccccsccesssssesssssseseeeeeeeseeesesescseeees 21
Government Foreign, Internal Policies Reviewed oo............cccccccccsecesssecsesseeeesceesseescsecseeeeeeeessceseeseseeees 22
IJI’s First Year Evaluated /NAWA-I-WAQT 7 NOV] o....ccccccccccccssscsessescesesesesesesesceceeseescstsesvsceees 22
Policies Seen as Failures /MUSAWAT 1] Now] oi...ccccccccccccccccccsscesseessceesseseesesesscesseeeneecesseeescaceees 24
Increased Persecution of PPP Seen Alarming .....................ccccccecscesceesccesssceessceseeseesssessteeeessseeessesescenees 26
Mass Arrests Undemocratic [DAWN 29 Now] ........cccccccccccsssssssesscessseeseessesseseseseeeceeeeeeseessseseeeees 26
President Seen Responsible /THE NATION 2 DO] o.....cccccccccccccccccssscesssessesssseseeeeeeeeeeeseeseseeeeees 26
Directed at PPP ‘Terrorists’ (THE NATION 2 D@c] o.....cc.ccccccccccccccssssssssessssesesseeceeeeeeesecsesseseees 27
Restraint Increasingly Urgent /THE NATION 28 Nov] o0........cccccccccccccesscesssseseseeeeeeeeeeesseseceeaeees 28
Article Calls For End to Politics of Comfromtatiom .0....0.........0cccccccccsesescesseescesseseeseseseseeeeeecesscseeseseseeees 28
Democracy Under Siege /THE NATION 3 D@c] o....c.ccccccccccccccsessscesscesseeseeseseeeeeees senakiessivoniavens 28
IJ] Leadership Lacks Maturity /THE NATION 18 Nov] oo.......cccccccccccccccsccssssssseeseneeeeseeseteeseeees 30
Interested Only in Images /THE NATION 1 DO] 0.........ccccccccccccsscsssesseesessesesesceceeeeeceseeecsvseseees 32
Ruling Party Running Roughshod /THE NATION 14 Nov] .u........cccccccccccccscssseseeeeeeeeseeseseeeseees 33
“utting Each Other to Pieces (DAWN 15 NOv] ou.....ccccccccccssccssseessecesseeesseeseesescseeeeeeeeeecessneescsnees 34
Analyst Questions Commitment to Nuclear Program /DAWN 23 Nov] 0.0......cccccccccccccceeeeseeesecsseees . 35
ECONOMIC
Ability of Citizens To Save Seen Atrocious /THE NATION 4 DO] oi......ccccccccccccccssesssseseseseeeeeeesscessesveveesees 38
Privatization Efforts Seen at Expense of Poor /THE NATION 28 Nov] 0...........cccccccccsssssssseeceeeeseessesseeseee: 39
Population Rise Seen Hindering Economic Progress /THE NATION 2 DO] 000.........ccccccccccccccecceeseeseseseeees 4)
JPRS-NEA-92-004
16 January 1992 2
MILITARY
“Subservience’ Said To Come From Defense Cuts /THE NATION 27 Now] o.......cccccccccccsseessseeesseeeeseeeseeees 47
Editorial Urges Indigenous Arms Production /NAWA-I-WAQT 10 Dec] ..occcccccccccccccccccssecsceesceeesseesseeseeeees 48
Analyst Supports Cuts in Defense Expenditure /THE NATION 16 Nov] ........cccccccccccccccecsesseeesceesseesseesseeees 49
Surface-To-Air Missile Successfully Manufactured /NAWA-I]-WAQT 13 NOV] oo.....cccccccccccccescccescceseeeseeseeens 50
Perforinance of Intelligence Agencies Examined (JANG 20 Nov] oo..cccccccccccccccccccccccessceseseeeseeseeeesceecsvevseeeneen 50
SOCIAL
CNN Said ‘Poisoning Pakistani Culture’ /JASARAT 2] NOV] oo.....ccccccccccccccccccecsceesecessesscsseesseeeeeseerseseesseeess 53
Buying, Selling of Bangladeshi Women Detailed /THE FRONTIER POST 15 Nov] ........ccccccccccccecceee0eee 53
JPRS-NEA-92-004
POLITICAL 1
16 January 1992
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
[Text] Mr. Bartholomew, the U.S. deputy secretary of
State, suid that the United States has no desire to establish
Government Incapable of Compromise With U.S. India’s supremacy in this region, and that it does not only
924803354 Karachi JASARAT in Urdu 15 Nov 91 p § want to maintain its 40-year fmendship with Pakistan, but
also enhance it. He expressed this assurance yesterday
{Editornal: “Proposed Pakistan-United States Negotia-
while meeting with President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in
tions’’}
Islamabad. The Pakistan president welcomed the assur-
[Text] For some time, news about bilateral talks between ance by the U.S. representative and declared it very
the United States and Pakistan has been circulating. encouraging. The U.S. deputy secretary of state and Gen-
According to this news, the problem of reinstatement of eral Hoover, commander in chief of the American central
U.S. economic aid to Pakistan would be discussed. U.S. command, spent three days in Islamabad and met with
Ambassador Nicholas Platt has also given some details of important Pakistan: officials as well as the president and
the proposed talks. According to him, General Hoover, Prime Minister Mohammed Nawaz Shanf. During these
commander-in-chief of the U.S. Central Command, and meetings to discuss important issues between the two
Mr. Bartholomew, the U.S. under-secretary for interna- countries, it was clear that Pakistan would not compromise
tional security affairs, will be arriving in Islamabad next its national defense and pride for the sake of U.S. fnend-
week. The two U.S. officials will hold talks with the pnme ship and benefits related to it. Pakistan is not willing to
minister and the chief of army staff in Islamabad. They accept any conditions connected with its national defense
will discuss the present developments between the two and independence, even for the sake of U.S. aid. It does
countnes and the problem of nuclear energy. The govern- not want to risk its independence and defense. Pakistan's
ment of Pakistan has not issued any statement about this president and prime minister told the U.S. envoys that
yet. Therefore, all kinds of rumors are being circulated, Pakistan desires U.S. friendship, but that it will not ignore
and the Pakistan: people are wondering about the purpose its own national interests for this friendship. They also
of this visit by the high military official and the under- stated that Pakistan would not accept any conditions
secretary. U.S. aid has been suspended since | October affecting its independence and national defense. As for the
1990; however, the people of Pakistan are satisfied and issue Of Pakistan's nuclear program, both the president
they have never been discouraged. The nation has decided and the prime minister said directly that they would not
now that it will not extend its hand for charity, and that it accept a discriminatory attitude in this context. The pres-
will follow the policy of self-sufficiency in order to make ident told the American general that Pakistan respects the
the nation prosperous. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif laws passed by the United States about it, but that the
reminds us of this goal in every speech. The government United States should also respect Pakistan's independence
has continually given the impression that Pakistan's devel- and autonomy. The prime minister also clearly told the
opment plans have not been affected by the suspension of U.S. deputy secretary that Pakistan will not accept any
U.S. economic aid or the Gulf crisis. At a time when the discriminatory restrictions on its atomic program. The
government and the people have determined that they will prime minister repeated Pakistan's firm commitment to
continue their journey without any foreign aid, why are we keep South Asia free of nuclear weapons, and said that
holding these talks with the United States of America” It is Pakistan would consider working in this area. He also
possible that this is being done because of the international! mentioned his suggestion to the U.S. deputy secretary of
conspiracy against Pakistan and the present government state about the five-nation conference. This proposal asks
for a conference including the United States, the Soviet
The countnes that the United States considers to be
against the interests of its so-called “new world order” Union, China, Pakistan, and India to decide about making
include China, Iran, and Pakistan. The United States fears South Asia nuclear free. All countrnes except India have
endorsed this proposal. The prime minister emphasized to
that there might be some sort of alliance among these three
countnes. Therefore, in order to sabotage unity efforts the U.S. representative the need to pressure India to give a
among these three countnes, the United States might try to positive response to this very important proposal. The
give birth to misunderstanding among them. Therefore prime minister told the U.S. representative plainly that
Pakistan would accept only a regional decision about its
the Pakistan: Government should be on the alert and
nuclear atomic program, stating that if atomic problems
careful. If it compromises national prestige and self-
respect and accepts U.S. aid, it would be making a major are not solved on a regional basis, no other approach will
blunder. Nawaz Sharif's government would face a serous be helpful
crisis, and the people of Pakistan will not tolerate the
compromise of their nuclear program or national interests The assurance given by the US. deputy secretary of state
for U.S. economic aid. to Pakistan's president regarding India’s supremacy in the
region 1s praiseworthy The people of Pakistan express fear
Editorial Expresses Hope for End of U.S. that the United States 1s conspiring to establish India’s
‘Discrimination’ supremacy in this region. The United States 1s supplying
India with weapons in huge quantities, and in spite of
924804044 Peshawar MASHRIQ in Urdu
India’s nuclear program, it continues to provide aid to
23 Nov 91 p 10
India. It has stopped aid to Pakistan, even though our
[Editonal: “New Understanding Between Pakistan and nuclear program is for peaceful purposes. These are all
United States’; quotation marks as published] indicators of the U.S. “conspiracy.” The U.S. deputy
JPRS-NEA-92-004
2 POLITICAL 16 January 1992
secretary has clearly said, “The United States does not the country’s economy. He said that an announcement
favor the establishment of India’s supremacy in this would be made about a package plan to provide fertilizer
region.”’ We pray the United States respects its represen- and tractors to farmers.
tative’s words and follows up on these. India, which has
The U.S. bias against Pakistan is a proven fact, and the
always been in the Soviet camp and opposed to the United
world knows that the United States has never considered
States, should not be given preferential treatment over
Pakistan to be a trusted friend. It has always ignored Paki
Pakistan. We hope that the '/nited States will not help
tan in its times of need, and has even tried to harm it.
India color its dreams of supremacy in this region. In this
Meanwhile, various Pakistani leaders have even ignored
context, the fears expressed by Pakistan's leadership, gov-
Our Own nation’s interests to prove our allegiance to the
ernment, and people are not imaginary; they are real. A
United States.
few incidents from the U.S.-Pakistan friendship in the past
do not make us proud. If the United States continues to Pakistan has been a member of the two U.S. military pacts,
discriminate against Pakistan even after this assurance, SEATO [Southeast Asia Treaty Organzation] and CENTO
and makes Pakistan the target of similarly unfair treat- [Central Treaty Organization], at U.S. insistence. As a
ment, then the people of Pakistan will lose faith in U.S. member of both, the United States had the duty of taking
claims of friendship. Pakistan is making progress, even effective steps to defend Pakistan if the latter's security
though the U.S. aid has been stopped. During the last year, and independence were threatened. When Pakistan was
we have made progress in new ventures and development. suddenly pushed into war in 1965, the United States,
Pakistan is making progress in the area of self-sufficiency rather than providing assistance to Pakistan, even stopped
under the leadership of Prime Minister Mian Mohammed supplying spare parts that were already paid for. During
Nawaz Sharif. Pakistan is not willing to accept discrimi- the 1971 war, its attitude toward Pakistan was no dif-
natory restrictions being imposed on its nuclear program. ferent. Later, when Pakistan wanted to develop self-
It has expressed its willingness to sign the nuclear Nonpro- sufficiency in the area of energy to save on importing oil
liferation Treaty on the condition that its very powerful and to use that money for developmental programs, the
and nuclear bomb-blasting neighbor also signs this agree- United States targeted Pakistan's nuclear program. In this
ment. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharnf has proposed that a context, it stopped all aid to Pakistan, based on imaginary
regional solution be found to the issue, and has asked for a fears. In this manner, it tried to sabotage the nation’s
five-nation conference. The United States has not only economy. On the other end, our national leaders tned io
accepted this proposal, but also expressed its willingness to prove our allegiance to the United States and offered
follow up on it. In spite of all this, the United States still clarification. Meanwhile, neighboring India, which had
wants to target Pakistan in a discriminatory manner, and never supported the United States and whose leaders have
has the desire to establish India’s supremacy in this region. never tried to hide their feelings about the United States,
If that happens, then the world will know about its still has the sympathetic and supportive attitude of the
promises and assurances. Pakistan will remain firm on its United States.
fair and appropriate stand, and will receive the support of
the whole world. The basic reason for this is that U.S. leaders know very
well that Pakistan's economy has been dependent on
foreign aid, and nothing can be done to make this country
Foreign Aid Termed ‘Waste,’ Self-Sufficiency
stand on its own feet. Pakistani leaders understand that as
Ureed
long as the situation persists, Pakistan will be a victim of
924S0404B Karachi AMN in Urdu 23 Nov 91 p 2 the blackmail efforts of the United States and other
nations, and it will have to accept new and discriminatory
{Editorial: “U.S. Discrimination Against Pakistan’
laws every day.
[Text] President Ghulam Ishaq Khan has expressed regret
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif promised when he came to
over the discriminatory attitude of the United States and
power that he would take effective steps to help md the
has demanded that the American government prove to be
nation of dependency on foreign aid; however, during the
a trusty friend of both its traditional and new allies. While
last year of his rule, he has not taken any steps that could
talking with General Joseph Hoover, commander in chief
direct our economy toward stability and self-sufficiency
of the U.S. central command, he asked him why discrim-
Instead, he has formed the largest cabinet in our country’s
inatory laws were being imposed on Pakistan. After a
history and has recruited a large army of advisers and
one-hour talk with President Ghulam Ishaq Khan, the U.S.
assistants to adversely affect the national treasury. The
commander in chief expressed his opinion that even
money that could have been spent for the welfare of the
though Pakistani-U.S. relations have gone through many
people is being wasted on their salaries and fringe benefits.
ups and downs, and although both countries have often
The government has stopped providing employment to the
been disappointed with each other, basic relations would
unemployed in order to save money, and has done so in the
remain the same. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, while
name of trimming the budget. At the same time, special
addressing the Pakistan Muslim League convention,
assistants are being hired, and new luxury cars worth
announced that Pakistan would not accept any aid that
millions of rupees are being bought for various ministries
would be detrimental to its self-respect and pnde
The people are being told of a new package that is being
He repeated his promise that the government would take prepared to alleviate the situation. This is being done just
steps to improve the lot of the common man and stabilize to keep them quiet. In a country where more than a million
JPRS-NEA-92-004
16 January 1992 POLITICAL 3
people are unemployed, the minister and other privile ged As for the Kashmir issue, it has been going on between
persons have no reason to buy cars worth millions of Pakistan and India for a long time. According to the
rupees. formula for dividing India, Kashmir had to join either
Pakistan or India. This decision rested with the people of
If the president and the prime minister are aware that the
each state; however, India sent its armed forces to Kashmir
United States is taking advantage of Pakistan and is
and forcibly occupied it. Pakistan had to take action in
targeting it with discriminatory laws, then the best option
retaliation, which turned into a war. India, on seeing the
for them is to manage the country without the aid of the
results of the war, complained to the United Nations,
United States and its allies. They should not waste time
where it was decided that both parties should cease fire
trying to prove faithfulness to the United States, and
and resolve the Kashmir issue under U.N. supervision. It
should instead make it clear that Pakistan can live without
was decided that a referendum be held to find out what the
their aid. This cannot be done by mere talks. The full
Kashmiri people wanted. They would have the right to try
support of the nation is required for political stability,
their fate with either Pakistan or India. Pundit Nehru,
avoidance of a campaign for a no-confidence moti on, and
India’s prime minister at the time, supported the U.N.
support from strong parties. It does not have to recruit an
decision; however, he later backed off and sent even more
army of ministers and advisers. The government should
troops to strengthen India’s control in Kashmir. India
not spend all its energy and resources to harm the opposi-
began to send more Hindus to Kashmir. Similarly, the
tion and its character assassination. The people cannot be
Jews have changed the Arab-Muslim majority into a
kept silent for long by showing the statistics of money
earned from the sale of money-producing concerns. minority in Palestine. India forcibly took over Kashmir;
however, it could not win the hearts of Kashmiri Muslims.
It treated them the same way it treats other minorities.
U.S. Attacked for Accusation of Terrorism
Thus, the Kashmiri Muslims were finally forced into a
924S0333C Lahore NAWA-I-WAQT in Urdu
jihad. They are making one sacrifice after another, and the
25 Nov 91 p 10
Indian Government is committing atrocities on them.
Pakistan supported the United Nations’ stand on the
{Editorial: “Accusation of Terrorism—New Propaganda
Kashmir issue, and also supports the formula agreed upon
Against Pakistan”’]
at the time of India’s partition. Kashmir is a neighbor of
[Text] The U.S. deputy secretary of state told the Indian Pakistan, and a small part of it 1s independent. Muslims
foreign minister that Pakistan was supporting terrorism in are being killed in Kashmir, they are being humiliated, and
Kashmir and Punjab against India. The U.S. deputy sec- their homes and fields are being destroyed. Pakistan, as an
retary said that he had insisted during the talks with Islamic nation and a neighbor, is very disturbed by this
Pakistan that it quit its terrorist activities. Pakistan 1s situation. Kashmir is a question of life and death for
being repeatedly accused of helping terrorists. The truth 1s Pakistan. According to Quaid-1 Adam, Kashmir 1s the
that Pakistan has no interest in East Punjab. This problem financial jugular vein of Pakistan. The agricultural and
was Started by the Indian Government, and with time, the industrial economy depends on water and hydroelectricity
Indian government itself has further complicated these which comes from Kashmir. The agenda of India’s parti-
affairs. It is obvious that when Indira Gandhi's govern- tion will remain incomplete until! the Kashmir issue 1s
ment, at her order, sent heavy artillery into Darbar Sahib, resolved. Therefore, Pakistan wants to resolve this issue as
the holiest shrine in Amnitsar, India became involved in a soon as possible. However, at present, Pakistan 1s not
horrible act of murder and gore. There is no way that involved in the issue as actively as India 1s. Over $00,000
Pakistan could be responsible. Pakistan never told Indira Indian troops are present like daylight in Kashmir. India
Gandhi to initiate this attack. This problem belongs wholly has banned entry to foreign media and other international
to the Indian Government and its treatment of minonities. organizations and representatives into Kashmir. Human
Not only the Sikh minority, but Muslim minonties are also rights agencies are not permitted to enter Kashmir. After
being targeted in India. The Hindu Mahasabha is fully all this, Pakistan is still being accused of terrorism. This 1s
showing its true colors in connection with the Babn an mockery of truth. Pakistan should be alert and prepared
Masjid. The prejudicial attitude of the Indian Government to counter this new campaign. The United States had
is evident in Assam, Nagaland, and Gurkhaland. If any- started similar propaganda against Iran and Libya before
body is to blame, then it is the Indian government and its taking action against them. Noriega was also kidnapped
treatment of its minorities. In response to the Indian after the smokescreen of a similar propaganda campaign
Government’s attitude, the minorities are using all their was raised. The truth is that the United States, the non-
resources to get their mghts. It is especially noticeable in Muslim world, and the Hindu-Jewish lobby simply cannot
the assassination of Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv tolerate the existence of a Muslim Pakistan. They are
Gandhi. These are all results of retaliation. The Indian looking for such lame excuses as ‘water flowing from lower
Government will have to reap what it sows. The facts will levels to higher levels” to make Pakistan their target.
not be changed by accusing Pakistan. The Indian people Pakistan must destroy this campaign and, at the same
cannot be fooied this way. The world should also not be so time, ensure defense of its borders and the establishment
foolish that it closes its eyes to Indian terrorism in various of law and order in the country. To this end, the Pakistan:
states and its violations of various human rights laws. The people should forget their own problems and unite in order
world should not limit itself to accusing Pakistan of to thwart the aynbitions of their enemies. The government
everything. and the opposi\ion should give up their daily bickering and
JPRS-NEA-92-004
POLITICAL
16 January 1992
work toward the removal of racial, communal, regional, is not smart politics. An appropriate option for Pakistan
and group prejudice and differences to form a “Pakistani would be for it to give up its discriminatory attitude
race.” Such unity of Pakistani nationals will foil the toward the United States, and emphasize fair and cooper-
ambitions of our enemies. ative bilateral reiations. Pakistan should also make it clear
that an unnecessary nuclear race has started in this region
Gi “ernment Criticized for Attitude Towards U.S. because of India. If India is restricted in this area, then as
924S0403D Lahore NAWA-I-WAQT in Urdu Pakistan has already proposed, Pakistan will agree to these
8 Dec 91 p1l restrictions. Pakistan should try to get a respected place in
the U.S. new world order. This requires that Pakistan
[Editorial: “National Prnde a Consideration in U-:S.- ignore U.S. aid and pay attention to increasing trade with
Pakistan Relations’’] it. It should give up complaining again and again.
[Text] Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has considered it
important to make it clear once again to the United States Interior ‘\linister Accuses U.S. of ‘Interference’
that Pakistan will not compromise its national pride just
924804044 Lahore NAWA-) WAQT in Urdu
for the U.S. aid. The prime minister emphasized during
8 Dec 91 pp 1, §
the U.S. deputy secretary of state’s visit that Pakistan
desires friendship with the United States without any [Text] Islamabad (Monitoring Desk)}—Interior Minister
consideration for aid. Mr. Saddiq Kanju, Pakistan's min- Chaudhary Shujat Hussain has accused the United States
ister for foreign affairs, has also said that “we want trade of America of interfering in Pakistan's internal affairs. He
and not aid from the United States of America.’ The made this statement in reference to a letter mailed by eight
relationship between Pakistan and the United States U.S. senators requesting the release of Benazir Bhutto's
cooled after the end of the Afghan affair Pakistan is not husband, Asif Ali Zardari. Mr. Zardari has been in jail for
important to the United States from a geographical, polit- over one year, and even though he was elected from
ical, or defense perspective. Since the Soviet empire has Karachi to the National Assembly, he is being tned in a
come asunder, only China remains a strong power in this special court for corruption and murder. According to ALL
region. To deal with China, the United States needs India, INDIA RADIO, the government is preparing a letter in
and not Pakistan. Pakistan, because of its fnendship with response to the appeal of the U.S. senators. Pakistan's
China, is also in the camp against the U.S. plans for a new reply is of a legal nature.
world order. The United States does not accept Pakistan's
nuclear program either. and is pressuring it to abandon its VOA Alleged To Confirm Indian Terrorism
program. It has stopped aid to Pakistan in order to punish
924S0335B Karachi JANG in Urdu
it. Pakistan is also being condemned worldwide for its
18 Nov 9l p 3
Islamic fundamentalism. The fa | is that the United States
has not followed the same stancard of fnendship with
[Editoral: “RA’s Involvement in Terrorism”™’}
different countries. The basis of its friendship is its own
interests. The U.S. attitude has caused third world coun- [Text] The Voice of America (VOA) revealed in one of its
tries to feel being interfered with. Pakistan has clearly broadcasts that RA, the Indian intelligence agency, has
indicated that it will not jeopardize its national indepen- establ.shed a special wing in Pakistan. Its goal 1s to spread
dence and pride just to be a friend of the United States. terrorism, fear, and chaos in Pakistan. This wing has
The present elected government has initiated a program established training camps in various parts of India. The
for economic self-sufficiency after being deprived of U.S VOA broadcast further revealed that RA has close ties with
aid. We hope that this will help free us of dependence. The KHAD. the Afghan intelligence agency. Serious circles in
U.S. ambassador 1s not considered a viceroy in Pakistan Pakistan believe that India has been behind bomb blasts,
any more; however, our government has gone to another terrorism, and other serious incidents of arms smuggling in
extreme and has established a policy of distancing itself various cities of Pakistan. Even the U.S. State Department
from the United States. Foreign Affairs Minister Saddiq once revealed in a report that trained agents were being
Kanju said that relations between the United States of sent to Pakistan for the purpose of creating unrest there
America and Pakistan will be limited to embassies only Related agencies in Pakistan have indicated that India has
Our government's attitude can anger the United States. been involved in these incidents. India is Pakistan's trad:-
International media have hinted toward this in commen- tional enemy, and it knows that Pakistan 1s the only
taries, and have said that the U.S. has reacted to the cool country in south Asia that 1s a mayor hurdle in its expan-
attitude toward the former U.S. ambassador by its treat- sionist designs. Therefore, instead of improving relations
ment of Mr. Wasim Sajjad, chairman of the Senate, during or keeping the subcontinent free of tension, India has even
his visit to the United States. In the beginning of the year. thwarted all! of Pakistan's efforts in this direction. Keeping
during the Gulf war, Pakistan's Government gave the all of this in mid, and to curb terrormsm, we must increase
impression that it supported the allied forces. Because of security on our borders and make the related agencies
ambiguity in the government over this issue, however, it riore effective. We should also warn India that Pakistan
gave the United States the opportunity to be suspicious will not tolerate such developments. The issue should also
about Pakistan's stand. As a result, Pakistan did not be raised with other nations at government levels that
benefit like the other allies. The fact is that annoying the India is breaking all international laws and 1s involved in
United States without any reason will not help Pakistan. It spreading terrorism in neighboring nations. It 1s the duty
JPRS-NEA-92-004
16 January 1992 POLITICAL 5
of these countries to put diplomatic, political, and eco- fall of the Soviet Union. Efforts are now being made to
nomic pressures on India to stop it from becoming establish U.S. supremacy worldwide in the form of the new
involved in instigatory and terrorist activities. world order. In this situation, it has become very impor-
tant to further strengthen and stabilize the friendship
China Said Asking Protection of Karokaram between China and Pakistan. After defeating the Soviet
Highway Union, the United States views China, Pakistan, and Iran
924S0403B Lahore NAWA-I-WAQT in Urdu as hurdles in its path to total supremacy. It will not be easy
8 Dec 91 p 4 for the United States of America to remove these hurdles.
[Editorial: “China's Timely Advice’) Therefore, the United States has started to im prove its
relations with India to achieve this goal. A defense pact has
[Text] According to a special report, Pakistan's extremely been signed between the two countries. According to this
trusted neighbor, the People’s Republic of China, has pact, the United States will provide extraordinary assis-
asked Pakistan to keep an eye on the Karakoram Highway, tance to India in the area of defense. It will try to increase
because it can be used by people trying to enter China. It is India’s military power by holding joint military exercises.
said that after the U.S. secretary of state’s comments about India still has its military pact with the Soviet Union;
civil liberties in China, China considers this precautionary however, the United States, in spite of its knowledge of
measure important. International media personnel would India’s nuclear weapons, has provided it with extremely
be aware that the recent crises in the Soviet Union are the sensitive supercomputers. In addition, cooperation
result of American efforts which were started during between the Indian and American navies can mean
President Ronald Reagan’s time. The basis of these activ- nothing but a desire to control all naval routes in this
ities were the lack of civil mghts in the Soviet Union, region. This situation can be dangerous to Far East coun-
neglect of human rights, and other events taking place tries also. It will directly affect the interests of Pakistan,
behind the iron curtain . Thus, making the Soviet citizens China, and Iran. If these three countries do not prepare to
agree with their views, paths were paved for the downfall. counter this danger in a timely manner, then in addition to
This situation is not limited to the Soviet Union. When- the Middle East, the whole region around the Indian
ever the “crownbearing” United States gets annoyed at Ocean will come under Indian attack. Therefore, Pakistan,
Pakistan, it spreads stories about its half-baked democracy Iran, and China should keep an alert eye on the results of
and neglect of civil and human rights. Now, after taking these developments and take necessary action to protect
care of the Soviet Union, China is the most important their interests and regional peace and security. Jt is impor-
target of the United States. Indian leaders have also been tant that Pakistan, China, and Iran sign a defense pact.
primed to target China. The United States’ one desire 1s This pact should make an attack on one country be the
that the Chinese government use Indian air and sea ports same as an attack on any of the other two. In this context,
instead of using Pakistan's. This way, China would be the Chinese president's visit to Pakistan is very important,
required to change its international trade routes. China has and the BBC, while giving the ramifications of his trip,
been aware of such dangers from the very beginning, and commented in a report that “the Chinese president's visit
this 1s a very fine defense point. Now that China has to Pakistan is extremely important, because the United
advised Pakistan to keep an eye on the Karakoram States is pressuring China over Pakistan's purchase of
Highway, it would also be beneficial to Pakistan. The fact
weapons and its nuclear program, and the United States
is that the security of the Karakoram Highway should be
has stopped aid to Pakistan.”’ According to this report, the
very well organized. Such a precaution is a national need. Chinese president was holding talks with Pakistani offi-
We believe that China has given us timely and good cials over the situation in the Gulf, the Afghanistan issue,
advice, and we feel that Pakistan's Government should and military cooperation.
react to it appropriately.
China and Pakistan have had close military relations for
Defense Cooperation With Iran, China Detailed the last 40 years, and General Asif Nawaz, commander-
in-chief of the Army, 1s also visiting China now. This trip
924S0403E Islamabad HURMAT in Urdu
is Very important. It 1s important to mention here that the
28 Nov 91 pp 33-34
Chinese president will go to Iran after his visit to Pakistan,
[Article by Fazal Rabi Rahi: “Defense Cooperation and General Asif Nawaz will arrive there directly from
Between China, Iran, Pakistan”) China at the same time. According to this report, the new
relations between China, Iran, and Pakistan have strength-
[Text] The People’s Republic of China is our great
ened the rumors that they are considering establishing a
neighbor, trustworthy ally, and a fnend we should be
three-nation defense pact. The observers believe that a
proud of. The recent visit by Chinese President Yang
joint pact among the three nations involving cooperation
Chang Kun is a cause of pride and happiness for the people
in the area s of politics, economics, and defense.
of Pakistan. It also reflects China's sincere fnendliness to
Pakistan. President Ghulam Isheg Khan invited President In addition to this BBC report, some reliable sources in
Yang Chang Kun to Pakistan during his trip to China. The Islamabad have revealed that a decision has been made to
Chinese president's visit to Pakistan shows China's never- finalize a defense pact between Pakistan, China, and Iran.
ending fnendship and sincere relations with us. This trip ts As a result of this pact, they expect to find ways to alleviate
also very important in the changing world situation. The the problem that will be caused due to the power vacuum
balance of power in the world has been disrupted after the created by the fall of the Soviet Union. The United States
JPRS-NEA-92-004
6 POLITICAL
16 January 1992
will not be able to use its new world order to harm Each family has been allotted a set of two such cubicles,
Pakistan, Iran, and China’s defense and interests. one leading to the other. There are n> beds—people sleep
on the bare floor under the tin roof. One is perplexed
The increasing cooperation among the three countries
rather than pained when one realizes that more than
must be causing serious concern for India and the United
anyone else, the Biharis themselves are responsible for
States of America. Therefore, the leaders of Pakistan,
their present state of affairs.
China, and Iran must be very alert and be prepared to face
the problems in the future. They must take solid steps with “We are 258,000 in total, residing in similar camps in
full awareness and mutual trust to protect their interests. various parts of Bangladesh,” Haji Naseem Khan, Chief
In addition, the leaders of the three countries should also Patron of SPGRC informs me. If you argue that this was
keep an eye on the situation in Afghanistan. They should their count in 1985 and the number must have risen in six
try to help establish the government of the real represen- years, he has a shrewd answer, “Our number is about the
tative of the Afghan people. It is feared that imperialist same even now, deaths equal births, sometimes outnumber
powers will try to impose a government of their liking in them. Growth rate is a worry in Pakistan, we are dying
Afghanistan in order to weaken the unity of the nations in here, our problem 1s survival.”
this region. Therefore, the three countries must be very
careful in any steps they take, and must keep a close eye on Haji Naseem Khan is a devout Muslim with Jamaat-
the developments in Afghanistan. If the Afghan muja- e-Islami training behind him. He represents these 2.5 lakh
heddin come to power in Pakistan, then China, Iran, and Biharis who have been living in camps in Bangladesh since
Afghanistan will greatly benefit. This will also help in the 1971 when they refused to stay in Bangladesh and showed
establishment of relations with the Muslim republics of the their eagerness to move to Pakisian. Haji Sahib was
Soviet Union. Al! this will aid in the building of cordial recently in Pakistan on August |4, to attend the inaugura-
relations in this area in the future. tion ceremony of Bab-e-Pakistan, commemorating the
martyrs of migration of |947
Now China, Pakistan, and Iran should work together to
make sure that the new world order of the United Sates 1s “| had a meeting with Mian Nawaz Sharif and he invited
established peacefully and according to the principles of me to the ceremony on August | 4 where he announced his
supporting each other’s existence, and any negative effects plans for our repatriation.” According to Hay: Naseem,
to third world countnes as well as Pakistan, Iran, and Mr. Ghulam Haider Wyne Chief Minister of Punjab, also
China, must be stopped. They should work together and called on him at Mansoora
pressure the United States to abandon its evil designs to
It appears that Mr. Wyne wants the credit of being host to
harm weak countries and hurt their independence under
the ‘Biharis’ without realizing the cost that the Federation
the guise of the new world order. This will help stop it from
will have to pay for their settlement. The monetary cost of
making the world a place of destruction and instigation,
the proposed settlement 1s to be shared by some interna-
and instead make it a cradle of peace and faith.
tional organisations and then apparently a government
which can spend 35 crore to commemorate martyrs of
REGIONAL AFFAIRS
1947 can part with any amount of money to accommodate
the ‘ghazis’ of 1971. But it 1s not the monetary cost which
Article Views Repatriation in Biharis in
the people of Pakistan are really concerned about
Bangladesh
On partition about a million Biharis moved to the Eastern
Living Conditions ‘Deplorable’ wing where they remained aloof and never tned to inte-
grate themselves with Bengalis. They were mostly urban
924S03824 Peshawar THE FRONTIER POST
people, skilled and comparatively more educated than the
(Supplement) in English 22 Nov 91 pI
common Bengalis. Lack of communication due to dif-
{Article by Nadeem Fazil: “Biharis: No Man's Burden” ferent languages also played its part in distancing Biharis
quotation marks as published] from Bengalis
[Text] Nadeem Fazil recalls his visit to the ‘stranded’ The second factor was economic. The country was ruled by
Biharis camps near Dhaka where living conditions are a strong centre. All mayor affairs of the government in East
deplorable...He argues however, that Pakistan cannot Pakistan were looked after by officers from West Pakistan
afford the political cost of their ‘repatriation’ who were predominantly Urdu-speaking This pattern
gave Bihans a privileged position in terms of government
Office of the SPGRC (Stranded Pakistanis Genera! Reset-
yobs. Investors from West Pakistan also preferred Bihan
tlement Committee) in Geneva Camp at Muhammadpur.
labour for its skill
Dhaka is the only place in the vicinity where you can find
some space uroccupied by homosaprens. No wonder In the 1970 elections to the national assembly. Jamaat
dwellers of this Bihari camp prefer to spend their time at could not win a single seat from East Pakistan In the
this office rather than at their ‘homes’ despite best efforts provincial assembly of East Pakistan it won a solitary seat
of the incharge of the office to keep them out of the room But in September 197! when A. M Malik was made
And do not mistake ‘homes’ for houses. In this case, 11 governor of East Pakistan. he included four Jamaat min-
stands for a series of cubicles barely 6-7 feet in each isters in his cabinet’ This at a time when Bengalis were
direction. already dying to get the election results accepied
JPRS-NEA-92-004
16 January 1992 POLITICAL 7
Jamaat-e-Islami and its student wing Islami Jamiat Tulaba rights were to be given to people coming from Bangladesh,
in East Pakistan was essentially a party dominated by the trickling of Biharis and Bengalis continue through illegal
Urdu-speaking community. Islami Jamiat Talaba could entry into Pakistan borders.
not find a Bengali head in East Pakistan until 1955. When
in March 1971 Pakistan army started action against Ben- These illegal immigrants fought their case for a right to
gali nationalists, Jamaat immediately joined hands with it Pakistani citizenship on various grounds and their stron-
and with the help of its student wing formed two groups gest claim was that they were residents of the province of
named as ‘Al-Badr Bahini’ and ‘Al-Shams Bahini’. The two East Pakistan. Government of Pakistan issued Pakistan
groups were trained on Pakistan army’s lines and com- Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 1978 in March 1978
mitted no less atrocities against Bengalis than the Indian through which a new Sect:on 16-A was inserted in the
trained ‘Mukti Bahini’ was committing against non- Citizenship Act which may be reproduced as under:
Bengalis. And these two groups mainly consisted of
Bihanis. *16-A Certain persons to lose and to retain citizenship.—
(1) All persons who, at any time before the sixteenth day of
After gaining sovereignty the Bengalis started the obvious
December, 1971, were citizens of Pakistan domiciled in
wave of revenge. Pakistan army by virtue of its surrender
the territories which before the said day constituted the
was in safe hands of Indians as POWs.
Province of East Pakistan and who:—
It was the Biharis and some stranded West Pakistanis who
suffered the onslaught. When things cooled down a general (1) were residing in those termtones on that day and are
amnesty was announced for people committing war and residing therein since that day voluntarily or otherwise
civil crimes against Bengalis and the government of Bang- shall cease to be citizens of Pakistan:
ladesh gave an option to non-Bengalis to become citizens
of Bangladesh. At that time there were some seven lakh (11) were residing in Pakistan on that day but after that day
Biharis in Bangladesh out of which four lakh decided to voluntarily migrated to those territores shall cease to be
accept Bangladeshi citizenship while the remaining three citizens of Pakistan
lakh wished their intent to move to Pakistan.
(111) were residing in Pakistan on that day and are volun-
Unfortunately it wasn’t a matter of their volition alone. tarnly residing therein since that day shall continue to be
Their right to citizenship of Pakistan was to be decided citizens of Pakistan
according to standard rules. The matter remained urre-
solved till August 1973 when under the Delhi Agreement (iv) were residing in those termtories on that day but
release of prisoners of war and exchange of stranded voluntanly came to Pakistan after that day with the
citizens of respective countnes was decided. approval of the Federal Government shall continue to be
citizens of Pakistan.
Under this agreement all Bengalis stranded in Pakistan
were to go back to Bangladesh. Reciprocal arrangements
Provided that any persons referred to in clause (1) whose
were to be made to bring a limited number of people from
repatriation to Pakistan has been agreed to by the Federal
Bangladesh to Pakistan. In this respect, Pakistan govern-
Government and who have not been so repatriated before
ment agreed to repatnate: people having a West Pakistan
domicile, employees of the federal government of Pak:- the commencement of Pakistan Citizenship (Amendment)
Ordinance, |978, shall continue to be citizens of Pakistan.
stan, and people who had family members in West Pak:-
stan
(2) Any person who, at any time before the sixteenth day of
In addition to the above three categones Pakistan also December 1971, was a citizen of Pakistan domiciled in the
consented to grant Pakistani citizenship on grounds of territories which before the said day constituted the Prov-
hardship to 25.000 non-Bengal's residing in former East ince of East Pakistan and who being under the protection
Pakistan of Pakistan passport, was on that day, or 1s residing in any
country beyond those territornes shall not be deemed to be
It must be kept in mind that whereas the first three
a citizen of Pakistan unless, upon an application made by
Categories comprised people whose citizenship was corsid- him to the Federal Government in this behalf, the Federal
ered not to have lapsed after independence of Bangladesh. Government has granted him a certificate that at the date
the fourth category—25,000 non-Bengalis—was conferred of the certificate he 1s a citizen of Pakistan.”
Pakistan: citizenship on grounds of hardship
Some 120,000 people were brought to Pakistan from In light of above mentioned constitutional amendment
Bangladesh in the next 8 months. Another 25-30 thousand two deductions can be made
people also came to Pakistan through Burma and Nepal
(1) People who were residing in East Pakistan on or after
That put an end to peopie coming to Pakistan from
Bangladesh \egally December |6. 1971 lost their clarm to Pakistan citizenship
unless their repatriation to Pakistan was agreed upon by
For Bangladeshis Pakistan 1s a land of hope and opportu- government of Pakistan. This comprises the people not
nity. Even after the official announcement that repatria- falling in the four categories of people mentioned above
tron process had been completed and no more citizenship and whose repatriation has since long been completed