Neapolitan Volcanoes: A Trip Around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia PDF
Preview Neapolitan Volcanoes: A Trip Around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia
GeoGuide Stefano Carlino Neapolitan Volcanoes A Trip Around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia GeoGuide Series editors Wolfgang Eder, Germany Peter T. Bobrowsky, Canada Jesús Martínez-Frías, Spain Axel Vollbrecht, Germany The GeoGuide series publishes travel guide type short monographs focussed on areas and regions of geo-morphological and geological importance including Ge- oparks,NationalParks,WorldHeritageareasandGeosites.Volumesinthisseries areproducedwiththefocusonpublicoutreachandprovideanintroductiontothe geological and environmental context of the region followed by in depth and colourfuldescriptionsofeachGeositeanditssignificance.Eachvolumeissupple- mentedwithecological,culturalandlogisticaltipsandinformationtoallowthese beautifulandfascinatingregionsoftheworldtobefullyenjoyed. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11638 Stefano Carlino Neapolitan Volcanoes A Trip Around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia 123 StefanoCarlino Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione diNapoli, Osservatorio Vesuviano Naples Italy ISSN 2364-6497 ISSN 2364-6500 (electronic) GeoGuide ISBN978-3-319-92876-0 ISBN978-3-319-92877-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92877-7 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018943722 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orby similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernorthe authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwith regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerInternationalPublishingAG partofSpringerNature Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland The Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex (courtesy G. Vilardo, Geomatic Laboratory of OV-INGV) TheCampiFlegreicaldera(courtesyG.Vilardo,GeomaticLaboratoryofOV-INGV) TheIslandofIschia(courtesyG.Vilardo,GeomaticLaboratoryofOV-INGV) Foreword NeapolitanVolcanoesismorethanaguidetotheworld’smostexcitingvolcanoes: it is a story of how volcanology has grown from an entertainment for Europe’s curiousnobilitytooneofthemostfascinatingandchallengingbranchesofmodern Earth Sciences. It is a story, too, of how people have lived and flourished among the most resplendent and dangerous forces of Nature. Vesuvius,CampiFlegreiandIschia:thenamesaloneevoketalesofthegrowth of European culture from Ancient Greece and Rome to the Grand Tour of the aristocracy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Even more, the conse- quencesoferuptionscanbetracedbackatleast40millennia,whentheeruptionof theCampanianIgnimbrite,fromwithinornearCampiFlegrei,heraldedthedemise of Neanderthals in Europe. From a volcanological perspective, outbursts from Vesuvius in particular have providedthetemplateforunderstandingcommonstylesoferuptionobservedaround theworld.Mostfamousisthefirstwrittenaccountofthestyleofexplosiveeruption thatoverwhelmedPompeiiandHerculaneumin79A.D.,nowdescribedasPlinianin honourofbothPlinytheYounger,whowrotethedescription,andhisunclePlinythe Elderwho,asadmiraloftheRomanfleet,setsailfromMisenointheCampiFlegrei and died offering succour to those fleeing from the eruption. At the other extreme, sixteencenturieslatertheriversofmoltenrockthatoozedfromthevolcanoacquired the name of lava, from the Italian verb lavare, to suggest that the slopes of the volcanohad beenwashed clean. WatchingthevolcanoesaroundNaplesalsorevealstheimportanceoflearning from experience. Between 1764 and 1800, William Hamilton—self-taught volca- nologist and British plenipotentiary to the court in Naples—regularly hosted vis- itors to Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei. Writing to the Royal Society of London in 1779,hecommentedthathehadbeentothesummitofVesuvius58timesandhad visited thelowerslopes ofthevolcano at leastfourtimes moreoften. Evenso he says“IamnotashamedtoownthatIcomprehendverylittleofthewondersIhave ix x Foreword seen on this great laboratory of Nature”, adding that “yet there have been natu- ralists, of such a wonderful penetrating genius, as to have thought themselves sufficiently qualified to account for every phenomenon of Vesuvius, after having, literally speaking, given the volcano a coup d’oeil”. The record shows that Hamilton’sunderstandingfarexceededthatofhisguestswithpenetrating genius. Neapolitan Volcanoesfollow Hamilton’sprinciple andunderline howwe arestill learning 250 years later. The volcanoes today support a population of about one million people, not counting Naples,whose urban sprawloverlaps the CampiFlegrei to the westand reachesthefoothillsofVesuviustotheeast. Vesuviushasbeenquietsince 1944, Campi Flegrei since 1538 and Ischia since 1302. No one has a memory of how theirlocalvolcanoesbehave.Thisbookshowsthedebtmodernvolcanologyowes tounderstandingNeapolitanVolcanoesandhowsuchunderstandingisessentialto preparing for when the very same volcanoes will come back to life. London, UK Christopher Kilburn UCL Hazard Centre, University College London
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