NBC Risks Current Capabilities and Future Perspectives for Protection

528 Pages·1999·24.219 MB·English

by  T. Sohns (auth.), Torsten Sohns, Victor A. Voicu, Ladislaus Szinicz, Ernst-Juergen Finke, Constantin Mircioiu, P. Lundy, Keith R. Brain, Harald Kempf (eds.)

NBC Risks
Current Capabilities and Future
Perspectives for Protection
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Series 1: Disarmament Technologies - Vol. 25
NBC Risks
Current Capabilities and Future
Perspectives for Protection
edited by
Torsten Sohns
German Armed Forces Medical Academy,
Department of Studies and Science,
Munich, Germany
and
Victor A. Voicu
University of Medicine & Pharmacy "Carol Davila",
Bucharest, Romania
Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Antidotes, Protectors and Decorporators - A New Approach in the Area of Disarmament:
From MilitaryTowards Environmental Purpose
Bucharest, Romania
20-22 April1998
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-7923-5803-9 ISBN 978-94-011-4641-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4641-8
Printed an acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1999
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying, recording or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright
owner.
Editors Associate Editors
Torsten Sohns Ladislaus Szinicz
German Armed Forces Medical Academy German Armed Forces Medical Academy
Department of Studies and Science Department of Studies and Science
Munich Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Germany Munich
Germany
V.A. Voicu Ernst-Juergen Finke
University of Medicine & Pharmacy German Armed Forces Medical Academy
Bucharest Department of Studies and Science
Romania Institute of Microbiology
Munich
Germany
Constantin Mircioiu
Army Center of Medical Research and
University of Medicine and Pharmacy
"Carol Davila"
Bucharest
Romania
P.Lundy
Defence Research Establishment Suffield
Box 4000 Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
TIB 2 P5 Medicine Hat
Canada
Keith R. Brain
An-Ex
Redwood Building
Cf 1 3xF Cardiff
United Kingdom
Harald Kempf
German Armed Forces Medical Academy
Department of Studies and Science
Munich
Germany
CONTENTS
Editors .............................................................................................................................. v
Preface ........................................................................................................................... xiii
Chapter I
NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL
RISKS - GENERAL APPROACH
1. The Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction:
Health Risks
-An Analysis from a Medical Perspective -
T Sohns ................................................................................................................. 1
2. Intervention in a Chemical, Biological or Nuclear Disaster. A Romanian Point of
View
VA. Voicu ........................................................................................................... 19
3. Are the Civilians prepared for Chemical and/or Biological Warfare? The Need of
a Cooperative Effort for a simple Guideline
F. Hincal, A. Celyker, A.A. Hincal ....................................................................... 39
4. Defense against Biological Terrorism
- Scope and Limits -
T Sohns ............................................................................................................... 43
5. NBC Medical Planning System (NBCMedPlanS) -An Expert System-
T Sohns, S. Hotop ............................................................................................... 61
6. Planning of Medical Support for a Threatened or Actual Biological Environment.
Principles, Policies and Procedures
E.J. Finke, J. Loscher, H Koch ........................................................................... 69
viii
Chapter II
PHARMACOPROTECTION AND TREATMENT
7. Finite Interactions Theory -A Biophysical Approach to Xenobiotic -Membrane
Interface Interactions
VA. Voicu, C. Mircioiu. Sc. Moldoveanu ......................................................... 95
8. A Theoretical Study of the Interactions of Acetylcholinesterase, Irreversible
Inhibitors, and their Antidotes
Sc. Moldoveanu. VA. Voicu, C. Mircioiu, B. Moldoveanu ............................. 109
9. Electrochemical Properties of Platelets:
Clinical and Pharmacological Applications
JF. Stoltz. S Muller, V. Labrador .................................................................... 127
10. Features of Apoptotic Cell Death in SCL II Cells after Exposure to
2,2-Dichlorodiethylsulfide
K. Kehe, L. Szinicz ............................................................................................. 155
11. A NewView on the Mechanism of Action of Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
as Drugs for Prophylaxis
VD. Tonkopii .................................................................................................... 161
12. Cholinesterases as Bioscavengers for Protection against Organophosphate
Chemical Warfare Agents
B. Doctor. A. Saxena, R.K. Gordon, D.M Maxwell, Y Ashani .......................... 165
l3. Selectivity and Protective Activity of Muscarinic Receptor's Antagonists in
Organophosphates Poisoning
A.B. Kosmachev, o.A. Filko .............................................................................. 177
14. Reactivators, from Classic to a New Generation
C. Dishovsky ...................................................................................................... 181
15. Convulsions in Organophosphate Intoxications:
Their Mechanism and Treatment
S Rump ............................................................................................................. 189
16. Treatment of Organophosphate Nerve Agents, Current Therapy and Future
Prospectives
P. Lundy ............................................................................................................ 197
ix
17. Reactivation of Organophosphorus -Inhibited Human Erythrocyte
Acetylcholinesterase by Oximes in vitro
F. Worek, R. Widmann, 0. Knopf!, G. Heyes, L. Szinicz ...... ., ........................... 219
18. Cholinesterase Status in Organophosphate Poisoned Patients
L. Szinicz. H. Thiermann, P. Eyer, T Zilker ...................................................... 229
19. Testing the Antidotal Efficiency in the Treatment of Aflatoxin Poisoning
V Ordeanu. VA. Voicu, A. Postoarca, R. Chiosila, R. Alexandrescu,
B. Circiumaru .................................................................................................... 243
20. Zeolites as (Potential) Decorporating Agents
E. Chmielewska. J Lesny, V Koprda ................................................................ 251
x
Chapter III
SKIN PROTECTION AND DECONTAMINATION
21. New Concepts of Prophylaxis and Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents
T. Gidynska, 0. Antkowiak, E. Galecka, M Kowalczyk .................................... 261
22. Sorption-Mechanical Principle in Skin Decontamination
J Matousek ....................................................................................................... 265
23. Reduction of the Skin Permeation ofXenobiotics Using Chemical Penetration
Retarders
K Brain, A. Watkinson, KA. Walters ................................................................ 271
24. Effects of Protective Clothing on the Skin Penetration ofXenobiotics
K A. Walters, KR. Brain, A. Watkinson ........................................................... 279
25. Powders, Ointments and Solutions as First Aid, Nonspecific Antidotes for
Organophosphorous Compounds at Skin Level
C. Mircioiu, V.A. Voicu, M Ionescu ................................................................. 293
26. Protective Properties of Standard Combat Clothing against Skin Penetration of
Supertoxic Lethal Chemical Warfare Agents
J Matousek ...................................................................................................... 303
xi
Chapter IV
PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS OF
PROTECTANTS
27. Studies Concerning some Effects of Drugs, Colloid Vectors for Drugs and
Decorporators on Blood Global Physico-Chemical Parameters
VA. Voicu, C. Mircioiu, M Jiquidi, R. Gref M Olteanu ................................. 311
28. Transdermal Systems with Poly-2-Hydroxyethylmeth-Acrylates and new
Biological Models for their Study
V Koprda .......................................................................................................... 331
29. New Pharmaceutical Forms for Skin Protection
K. Duckova, V Koprda ..................................................................................... 349
30. New Systems of Poly acrylate Copolymers for Controlled Delivery of Drugs
K. Bauerova, V Koprda .................................................................................... 365
31. Researches on the Embedding of Decorporators in Microemulsions
M Olteanu, 0. Cinteza, M Dudau, C. Mircioiu ............................................... 389
32. Controlled Release Microspheres Prepared by using an Emulsion Solvent
Diffusion Technique as a Tool in Design of new Antidotes
A. Avgerinos ...................................................................................................... 401
33. Micro and Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers
SE. Leucuta ...................................................................................................... 411
34. A Structure -Property Relationship and Quantitative Approach to the
Development of Universal Transdermal Drug Delivery System
M Feldstein ....................................................................................................... 441
35. The Dependence between Physico-Chemical and Allergenic Properties of
Xenobiotics
B. Parii .............................................................................................................. 459
36. Some Physical Chemical Aspects of Albumin-Alkali Halide Interaction
V Sahini. L. Birla .............................................................................................. 467