Naval engineering in the 21st century : the science and technology foundation for future naval fleets PDF
Preview Naval engineering in the 21st century : the science and technology foundation for future naval fleets
Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 MARINEBOARD Chair:MichaelS.Bruno,StevensInstituteofTechnology,Hoboken,NewJersey ViceChair:ThomasM.Leschine,UniversityofWashington,Seattle StevenR.Barnum,HydrographicConsultationServices,Suffolk,Virginia JerryA.Bridges,VirginiaPortAuthority,Norfolk MaryR.Brooks,DalhousieUniversity,Halifax,NovaScotia,Canada JamesC.Card,MaritimeConsultant,TheWoodlands,Texas StephenM.Carmel,MaerskLineLimited,Norfolk,Virginia EdwardN.Comstock,RaytheonCompany,Sudbury,Massachusetts StephanToniGrilli,UniversityofRhodeIsland,Narragansett DouglasJ.Grubbs,CrescentRiverPortPilotsAssociation,Metairie,Louisiana FrederickJ.Harris,GeneralDynamics,SanDiego,California JudithHillHarris,CityofPortland,Maine JohnR.Headland,Moffatt&NicholEngineers,NewYork,NewYork JohnM.Holmes,PortofLosAngeles,SanPedro,California AliMosleh,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark GeorgeBerrymanNewton,QinetiQNorthAmerica,MarstonsMills, Massachusetts PatrickErnestO’Connor,BPAmerica,Inc.,Houston,Texas RobertW.Portiss,TulsaPortofCatoosa,Oklahoma PeterK.Velez,ShellInternationalExplorationandProduction,Inc., Houston,Texas JohnWilliamWaggoner,HMSGlobalMaritime,NewAlbany,Indiana TRANSPORTATIONRESEARCHBOARD 2011EXECUTIVECOMMITTEEOFFICERS Chair:NeilJ.Pedersen,Administrator,MarylandStateHighway Administration,Baltimore ViceChair:SandraRosenbloom,ProfessorofPlanning,Universityof Arizona,Tucson DivisionChairforNRCOversight:C.MichaelWalton,ErnestH.Cockrell CentennialChairinEngineering,UniversityofTexas,Austin (PastChair,1991) ExecutiveDirector:RobertE.Skinner,Jr.,TransportationResearchBoard Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 SPECIAL REPORT 306 Naval Engineering in the 21st Century The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets CommitteeonNavalEngineering inthe21stCentury TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD OFTHENATIONALACADEMIES TransportationResearchBoard Washington,D.C. 2011 www.TRB.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 TransportationResearchBoardSpecialReport306 SubscriberCategories Marinetransportation;research;administration TransportationResearchBoardpublicationsareavailablebyorderingindividualpubli- cationsdirectlyfromtheTRBBusinessOffice,throughtheInternetatwww.TRB.orgor national-academies.org/trb,orbyannualsubscriptionthroughorganizationalorindi- vidualaffiliationwithTRB.Affiliatesandlibrarysubscribersareeligibleforsubstantial discounts.Forfurtherinformation,contacttheTransportationResearchBoardBusi- nessOffice,500FifthStreet,NW,Washington,DC20001(telephone202-334-3213; fax202-334-2519;[email protected]). Copyright2011bytheNationalAcademyofSciences.Allrightsreserved. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. NOTICE:TheprojectthatisthesubjectofthisreportwasapprovedbytheGoverning BoardoftheNationalResearchCouncil,whosemembersaredrawnfromthecouncils oftheNationalAcademyofSciences,theNationalAcademyofEngineering,andthe InstituteofMedicine.Themembersofthecommitteeresponsibleforthereportwere chosenfortheirspecialcompetenciesandwithregardforappropriatebalance. Thisreporthasbeenreviewedbyagroupotherthantheauthorsaccordingtothepro- ceduresapprovedbyaReportReviewCommitteeconsistingofmembersoftheNational AcademyofSciences,theNationalAcademyofEngineering,andtheInstituteofMedicine. ThisstudywassponsoredbytheOfficeofNavalResearchoftheU.S.Departmentof theNavy. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Navalengineeringinthe21stcentury:thescienceandtechnologyfoundation forfuturenavalfleets/CommitteeonNavalEngineeringinthe21stCentury, TransportationResearchBoardoftheNationalAcademies. p.cm.--(TransportationResearchBoardspecialreport;306) Includesbibliographicalreferences. ISBN978-0-309-16741-3 1. Navalresearch--UnitedStates.2. Marineengineering--Research--United States.I.NationalResearchCouncil(U.S.).CommitteeonNavalEngineering inthe21stCentury. V393.N2752011 623.8--dc23 2011025371 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 TheNationalAcademyofSciencesisaprivate,nonprofit,self-perpetuatingsocietyof distinguishedscholarsengagedinscientificandengineeringresearch,dedicatedtothe furtheranceofscienceandtechnologyandtotheiruseforthegeneralwelfare.Onthe authorityofthechartergrantedtoitbytheCongressin1863,theAcademyhasaman- datethatrequiresittoadvisethefederalgovernmentonscientificandtechnicalmatters. Dr.RalphJ.CiceroneispresidentoftheNationalAcademyofSciences. TheNationalAcademyofEngineeringwasestablishedin1964,underthecharterofthe NationalAcademyofSciences,asaparallelorganizationofoutstandingengineers.Itis autonomousinitsadministrationandintheselectionofitsmembers,sharingwiththe NationalAcademyofSciencestheresponsibilityforadvisingthefederalgovernment.The NationalAcademyofEngineeringalsosponsorsengineeringprogramsaimedatmeet- ing national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievementsofengineers.Dr.CharlesM.VestispresidentoftheNationalAcademyof Engineering. TheInstituteofMedicinewasestablishedin1970bytheNationalAcademyofSciences tosecuretheservicesofeminentmembersofappropriateprofessionsintheexamination ofpolicymatterspertainingtothehealthofthepublic.TheInstituteactsunderthe responsibilitygiventotheNationalAcademyofSciencesbyitscongressionalcharterto beanadvisertothefederalgovernmentand,onitsowninitiative,toidentifyissuesof medicalcare,research,andeducation.Dr.HarveyV.FinebergispresidentoftheInsti- tuteofMedicine. TheNationalResearchCouncilwasorganizedbytheNationalAcademyofSciencesin 1916toassociatethebroadcommunityofscienceandtechnologywiththeAcademy’s purposesoffurtheringknowledgeandadvisingthefederalgovernment.Functioningin accordancewithgeneralpoliciesdeterminedbytheAcademy,theCouncilhasbecome the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the NationalAcademyofEngineeringinprovidingservicestothegovernment,thepublic, andthescientificandengineeringcommunities.TheCouncilisadministeredjointlybyboth AcademiesandtheInstituteofMedicine.Dr.RalphJ.CiceroneandDr.CharlesM.Vest arechairandvicechair,respectively,oftheNationalResearchCouncil. TheTransportationResearchBoardisoneofsixmajordivisionsoftheNationalResearch Council.ThemissionoftheTransportationResearchBoardistoprovideleadershipin transportationinnovationandprogressthroughresearchandinformationexchange,con- ductedwithinasettingthatisobjective,interdisciplinary,andmultimodal.TheBoard’s variedactivitiesannuallyengageabout7,000engineers,scientists,andothertransporta- tionresearchersandpractitionersfromthepublicandprivatesectorsandacademia,allof whomcontributetheirexpertiseinthepublicinterest.Theprogramissupportedbystate transportationdepartments,federalagenciesincludingthecomponentadministrationsof theU.S.DepartmentofTransportation,andotherorganizationsandindividualsinterested inthedevelopmentoftransportation.www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 CommitteeonNavalEngineeringinthe21stCentury MarthaR.Grabowski,LeMoyneCollege,Syracuse,NewYork,and RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,Troy,NewYork,Chair AlanJ.Brown,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity, Blacksburg CharlesN.Calvano,NavalPostgraduateSchool,Monterey,California EdwardN.Comstock,RaytheonCompany,Sudbury,Massachusetts NarainG.Hingorani,Consultant,LosAltosHills,California LeonardImas,StevensInstituteofTechnology,Hoboken,NewJersey JohnD.Lee,UniversityofWisconsin–Madison NancyG.Leveson,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge DonaldLiu,AmericanBureauofShipping(retired) MalcolmMacKinnonIII,MacKinnon–SearleConsortium,LLC MichaelW.Toner,GeneralDynamics(retired) AlbertJ.Tucker,Consultant VincentWilczynski,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Connecticut CindyWilliams,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge RonaldW.Yeung,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley SolomonC.Yim,OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis DickK.P.Yue,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge TransportationResearchBoardStaff JosephR.Morris,StudyDirector BeverlyHuey,SeniorProgramOfficer PeterJohnson,Consultant Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 Preface Navalengineeringisthefieldofstudyandexpertisethatconcernsthe design, construction, operation, and maintenance of naval ships. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) of the U.S. Department of the Navy sponsorsbasicandappliedresearchinthescientificandtechnicalfields thatsupportnavalengineeringaswellaseducationprogramstoensure thesupplyofresearchersandengineersinthesefields.In2001,ONRdes- ignatednavalengineeringasaNationalNavalResponsibility(NNR),one offourtechnicalareasthatONRhassodesignated.ONRcommittedto investinginbasicandearlyappliedresearchintheareasofshipdesign tools,shipstructuralmaterials,hydromechanics,advancedhulldesigns, shippropulsion,shipautomation,andshipintegration;conductingfield experimentsthatintegratetechnologiesintoinnovativeshipconcepts; andinvestinginstudentsandresearchfacilitiesintheseareas.Inaddi- tion,ONRstatedthatitwouldexaminethehealthofthenationalscience andtechnologycommunitysupportingnavalengineering.Thepurpose oftheinitiativeistoensurethatONRisabletosustainresearchinthe UnitedStatesonlong-termproblemsofimportancetotheNavy;sustain thesupplyofresearchers,engineers,andfaculty;andprovidesuperior science and technology in naval architecture and marine engineering. Assigning the NNR designation indicated that (a) the listed activities deservespecialpriorityinplanningandbudgetingatONRbecausethe identifiedscientificandtechnicalareasarecriticaltotheNavyandlack supportfromothersourcesand(b)managementoftheseactivitiesmust becoordinatedwiththestatedobjectiveinmind. ThisstudyoriginatedindiscussionsatmeetingsoftheMarineBoard,a subunit of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies. These discussions highlighted the central role of ONR in vii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Naval Engineering in the 21st Century: The Science and Technology Foundation for Future Naval Fleets -- Special Report 306 viii NavalEngineeringinthe21stCentury sustainingresearchandeducationinnavalengineeringandidentifiedthe needtoassessONR’seffectivenessinfulfillingthisrole.Asaresult,in2009 ONRaskedtheNationalResearchCouncil(NRC)toconductastudyto evaluatethestateofbasicandearlyappliedresearchinnavalengineering and related disciplines in the United States and to review the status of ONR’sefforts,throughtheNationalNavalResponsibilityforNavalEngi- neering(NNR-NE)initiative,toensureahealthyresearchandeducational enterprisethatmeetsthefuturetechnologyneedsoftheNavy.TRBformed theCommitteeonNavalEngineeringinthe21stCenturytorespondtothis request.Thecommitteeincludedmemberswithexperienceinresearchin thefieldsthatsupportnavalengineeringandinshipdesignandconstruc- tionandincludedthreecurrentorpastmembersoftheMarineBoard. Thecommitteereliedonfoursourcesofinformationinpreparingits report.First,itreviewedpastassessmentsofthestateofthescientificand technicalfieldsthatsupportnavalengineeringbytheNavy,NRCcom- mittees,andprofessionalsocieties.Second,itreceivedfromONRlistsof thebasicandappliedresearchandeducationalprojectsmakingupthe NNR-NEportfolioanddataonpaperspublishedandgraduatestudents supportedthroughONRresearchgrantsintheNNR-NEtechnicalareas. Thesedataindicatethescopeanddirectionoftheinitiativeandtheinsti- tutionsandresearchersthatparticipate. Third,thecommitteecommissionedninepapersaddressingaspectsof itstask.Thebackgroundsoftheauthorsincludescientificresearch,com- mandandmanagementexperienceintheNavalSeaSystemsCommand (NAVSEA)andinONR,technologypolicy,navalhistory,andprivate- sector management and technical experience in naval and commercial shipdesignandconstruction.AppendixBgivestheauthors. Finally,thecommitteeheldthreepublicinformation-gatheringmeet- ingsorganizedasworkshops.Thecommitteeaskedthespeakersanddis- cussantstoaddressspecificquestionsconcerninginnovation,thestate of research and education, and the role of ONR in naval engineering. Participantsincludedrepresentativesfromeachofthegroupsinvolved inplanning,conducting,andapplyingresearchinfieldsrelatedtonaval engineering:ONRandotherresearchsponsors;researchersfromuniver- sities,theNavylaboratories,andindustry;educators;NAVSEA;andpri- vate-sectorshipbuildersanddesigners.AppendixAliststheworkshop participantsandpresentationtopics.Thecommitteedrewontheinfor- Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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