Nature and history in modern Italy PDF
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Nature and History in Modern Italy Ohio University Press Series in Ecology and History James L. A. Webb, Jr., Series Editor Conrad Totman The Green Archipelago: Forestry in Preindustrial Japan Timo Myllyntaus and Mikko Saikku, eds. Encountering the Past in Nature: Essays in Environmental History James L. A. Webb, Jr. Tropical Pioneers: Human Agency and Ecological Change in the Highlands of Sri Lanka, 1800–1900 Stephen Dovers, Ruth Edgecombe, and Bill Guest, eds. South Africa’s Environmental History: Cases and Comparisons David M. Anderson Eroding the Commons: The Politics of Ecology in Baringo, Kenya, 1890s–1963 William Beinart and JoAnn McGregor, eds. Social History and African Environments Michael L. Lewis Inventing Global Ecology: Tracking the Biodiversity Ideal in India, 1947–1997 Christopher A. Conte Highland Sanctuary: Environmental History in Tanzania’s Usambara Mountains Kate B. 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Nature and History in Modern Italy Nature and History in Modern Italy Edited by Marco Armiero and Marcus Hall With a foreword by Donald Worster OHIO UNIVERSITY PRESS ATHENS Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701 www.ohioswallow.com © 2010 by Ohio University Press All rights reserved To obtain permission to quote, reprint, or otherwise reproduce or distribute material from Ohio University Press publications, please contact our rights and permissions department at (740) 593-1154 or (740) 593-4536 (fax). Printed in the United States of America Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper ™ 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nature and history in modern Italy / edited by Marco Armiero and Marcus Hall ; with a foreword by Donald Worster. p. cm. — (Ohio University Press series in ecology and history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8214-1915-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8214-1916-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8214-4347- 7 (electronic) 1. Italy—Environmental conditions. 2. Italy—History—19th century. 3. Italy—History—20th century. 4. Landscapes—Social aspects—Italy—History. 5. Nature—Effect of human beings on—Italy—History. 6. Human ecology—Italy—History. 7. Italy —Social conditions. 8. Pollution—Italy—History. 9. Urbanization—Environmental aspects—Italy—History. 10. Environmentalism—Italy—History. I. Armiero, Marco, 1966– II. Hall, Marcus, 1959– GE160.I8N38 2010 304.20945—dc22 2010019101 Contents List of Illustrations Foreword DONALD WORSTER Acknowledgments Il Bel Paese An Introduction MARCO ARMIERO AND MARCUS HALL FOUNDATIONS The Distinctive Character of Italian Environmental History Chapter 1. PIERO BEVILACQUA Upside-Down Landscapes Chapter 2.Seismicity and Seismic Disasters in Italy EMANUELA GUIDOBONI Moving Ground Chapter 3.Vesuvius and the Nola Mudslides of the Nineteenth Century WALTER PALMIERI Environmental Imperialism in Sardinia Chapter 4.Pesticides and Politics in the Struggle against Malaria MARCUS HALL COMMONS AND FORESTS The Decline of the Commons and the Environmental Balance in Early Modern Chapter 5.Italy GABRIELLA CORONA Chapter 6.Forest Visions in Early Modern Italy BRUNO VECCHIO Environmental Heritage of a Past Cultural Landscape Chapter 7.Alder Woods in the Upper Aveto Valley of the Northwestern Apennines ROBERTA CEVASCO Act Locally, Think Nationally Chapter 8.A Brief History of Access Rights and Environmental Conflicts in Fascist Italy WILKO GRAF VON HARDENBERG POLLUTION, INDUSTRY, AND URBAN ENVIRONMENT Dealing with Industrial Pollution in Italy, 1880–1940 Chapter 9. SIMONE NERI SERNERI Chapter Petrochemical Modernity in Sicily 10. SALVATORE ADORNO Chapter The Seveso Disaster Legacy 11. LAURA CENTEMERI LANDSCAPE, CULTURE, AND ENVIRONMENTALISM A “Natural” Capitalism Chapter Water and the Making of the Italian Industrial Landscape 12. STEFANIA BARCA Nationalizing the Mountains Chapter Natural and Political Landscapes in World War I 13. MARCO ARMIERO Nature Preservation and Protection in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Italy, Chapter 1880–1950 14. LUIGI PICCIONI Selected Bibliography Contributors Index Map 0.1. Geographic map of Italy (Ohio University Cartographic Center) Illustrations Maps 0.1. Geographic map of Italy 0.2. Geographic map of northern Italy 0.3. Geographic map of southern Italy 2.2. Earthquake epicenters in Calabria, 1600 to 2000 2.3. Effects of 1908 earthquake in Calabria and the Strait of Messina 3.1. Sarno region 5.1. Typologies of Italian commons by geographic areas 8.1. Locations of the case studies in Fascist Italy 10.1. Location of petrochemical industries, Augusta, Sicily Figures 2.1. Andrea Mantegna (1431–1506), Polittico di San Zeno, Orazione nell’Orto 2.2. 1783 earthquakes in Calabria 2.3. 1905 earthquake in Calabria 2.4. Effects of 1908 earthquake in Messina, Sicily. 2.5. Gibellina Vecchia (Valle del Belice, southwestern Sicily) 4.1. DDT canisters carried by donkeys as part of the Sardinian Project, 1946–51 4.2. Fumigating a pond with DDT in Sardinia, 1949 6.1. Villa d’Este (Como) 6.2. Bagni Caldi (Lucca) 6.3. Agnano (Naples) 6.4. Girgenti, Sicily 7.1. The alnocoltura cycle in the 1820s in Val d’Aveto
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