Natural Stone and World Heritage: Salamanca (Spain) Natural Stone and World Heritage Edited by Dolores Pereira Department of Geology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain ISSN : 2640-0162 eISSN: 2640-0170 Volume 1 Natural Stone and World Heritage: Salamanca (Spain) Dolores Pereira Department of Geology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Cover: The Frog on the skull. The frog is one of the most popular symbols of Salamanca. It is a small carving (only a few centimetres long) to be found in the intricate and elaborate “Rich Façade” of the University. Several legends are associated with the Frog, but the most popular is related to the good luck it is supposed to give new students coming into the city if they are able to spot it with no help. Photograph by Vicente Sierra Puparelli. CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK Typeset by Apex CoVantage , LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Applied for Published by: CRC Press/Balkema Schipholweg 107C, 2316 XC Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] www.crcpress.com – w ww.taylorandfrancis.com ISBN: 978-1-138-49954-6 (hardback) ISBN: 978-1-351-01335-2 (eBook) To the memory of my mother. To the memory of my father. Contents Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction 1 2 World Heritage Sites 11 3 Salamanca: a World Heritage Site 15 4 The buildings in Salamanca 27 5 The stones of Salamanca 31 6 Stone testing 37 7 Conclusions: the importance of stones in the preservation of cultural heritage 91 Glossary 95 References 101 Acknowledgements The continuing support of IUGS to the Heritage Stones Subcommis- sion, and UNESCO, through the IGCP program and the IGCP-637 project (Designation of Global Heritage Stones), has made possible to advance the study and diffusion of information on the heritage stones of Salamanca, as well as many other places around the world. Brian Marker is greatly acknowledged for his critical review of the fi rst draft and his help in putting the English text into shape. Vicente Sierra Puparelli is acknowledged for his help in photo- graphing the heritage stones in Salamanca to the most artistic level.