Natural resources and pro-poor growth [electronic resource] : the economics and politics

2008·4.9 MB·English

by  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

DACGuidelinesandReferenceSeries
OECD

DACGuidelinesandReferenceSeries
AGoodPracticePaper
Natural Resources
and Pro-Poor Growth
THEECONOMICSANDPOLITICS
OECD
ORGANISATIONFORECONOMICCO-OPERATION
ANDDEVELOPMENT
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ageingpopulation.TheOrganisationprovidesasettingwheregovernmentscancomparepolicy
experiences,seekanswerstocommonproblems,identifygoodpracticeandworktoco-ordinate
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TheOECDmembercountriesare:Australia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,theCzechRepublic,
Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Japan,Korea,
Luxembourg,Mexico,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Poland,Portugal,theSlovakRepublic,
Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Tlirkey,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.TheCommissionof
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ThisworkispublishedontheresponsibilityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD.The
opinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficial
uiewsoftheOrganisationorofthegovernmentsofitsmembercountries.
AlsoavailableinFrenchunderthetitle:
Ressourcesnatureliesetcroissancepro-pauvres
ENJEUXECONOMIQUESETPOLITIQUES
Revisedversion(2009)
Formoredetails,pleasevisit:http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/63/42341879.pdf.
CorrigendatoOECDpublicationsmaybefoundonlineat:www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda.
©OECD2008
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FOREWORD
Foreword
ItiswidelyacknowledgedthattheeradicationofpovertyandtheachievementoftheMillennium
DevelopmentGoalsarecloselylinkedtosoundnaturalresourceandenvironmentalmanagement.
Threatstotheenvironmentandnaturalresources,coupledwithpoormanagement,haveserious
implicationsforbothpovertyreductionandsustainableeconomicdevelopment.
The"OECDEnvironmentalStrategyfortheFirstDecadeofthe21stCentury”,adoptedin2001,
andthe2008OECDEnvironmentalOutlookrecognisetheselinkagesandtheneedforco-operative
actiontosupporteffectiveandsustainablenaturalresourcemanagementindevelopingcountries.
NaturalResourcesandPro-PoorGrowth:TheEconomicsandPoliticshighlightsthe
potentialfornaturalresourcemanagementandenvironmentalstewardshiptocontributetopoverty
reductionandeconomicdevelopmentofdevelopingcountries.Itshowshoweffectivepolicymaking
andinvestmentsaimedatnaturalresourcemanagementcansupporteconomicdevelopment,
povertyreduction,jobcreationandlong-termsustainabilityofnaturalresource-basedactivities.
NATURALRESOURCESANDPRO-POORGROWTH:THEECONOMICSANDPOLITICS-ISBN978-92-64-04182-0-©OECD2008 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgements
ThispublicationistheresultofworkundertakenbytheOECD-DACNetworkon
DevelopmentCo-operationandEnvironment(ENVIRONET).ItwaspreparedbyaTask
TeamledbytheNetherlands(Mr.PietKlopandMr.JosLubbers).
Forthefollowingchapters,specialmentionmustbemadeasfollows:
•Chapter3.TheEconomicsofSustainableNaturalResourceManagement:Mr.DenisLoyer
andMr.DominiqueRojat(France).
•Chapter4.PoliticsofNaturalResources:Mrs.AnkeFischerandMr.Jan-PeterSchemmel
(Germany).
•Chapter5. Conclusions andRecommendations forPolicyMakers: Mr.JosLubbers
(Netherlands).
•Chapter6.FisheriesforPro-PoorGrowth:Mr.TimBostock(UK).
•Chapter7.ForestryforPro-PoorGrowth:Mr.PaulSteele(UNDP)andMr.RemyParis
(OECD).
•Chapter8.WildlifeandNature-BasedTourismforPro-PoorGrowth:Mr.JamesMacGregor
andMrs.DilysRoe(IIED).
•Chapter9.SoilProductivityandPro-PoorGrowth:Mr.PietKlop(Netherlands).
•Chapter10.WaterSecurityandPro-PoorGrowth:Mr.PietKlop(Netherlands).
•Chapter11.MineralsforPro-PoorGrowth:Mr.JonHobbs(UK)andMr.OlofDrakenberg.
•Chapter12.RenewableEnergyandPro-PoorGrowth:Mrs.Jo-ellavanRijn(Netherlands).
Inaddition,alargenumberofcolleaguesfromthefollowingcountriesandorganisations
havesupportedtheTaskTeam:Canada(Mrs.LouiseVallieres),EuropeanComission
(Mr.FrancoisVillete,Mr.SimonLeGrand),Finland(Mr.MattiNummelin,Mr.TlmoVoipio),
France(Mr.ArmandRioustdeLargentaye),Germany(Mrs.NinaBarmeier,Mr.Hartmut
Janus,Mr.HaraldLossack,Mr.ArnoSckeyde,Mrs.FriederickevonStieglitz),the
Netherlands(Mrs.PetraHelleger,Mrs.MaritKragt),NewZealand(Mr.RogerCornforth),
Sweden(Mr.DanielSlunge),Switzerland(Mr.FrancoisDroz),UK(Mr.BenCropper,
Mr.RichardMcNally,Mr.PaulMullard),theUS(Mr.JonAnderson),ADB(Mr.DavidMcCauley),
AfDB(Mr.DanielePonzi),CIFOR(Mr.ArildAngelsen),IMF(Mrs.SoniaBrunschwig,
Mr.ElliottHarris,Mr.JonStrand),IDRA(Mr.ArthurNeiland),IIED(Mrs.NicolaArmitage,
Mr.SteveBass,Mr.IvanBond,Mr.JamesMayers),IWMI(Mr.IntiazHussain),IUCN
(Mrs.MarthaChouchenaRojas,Mr.JeffMcNeely,Mr.StewartMaginnis,Mrs.AndreaAthanas,
Mr.JoshuaBishop,Mrs.LucyDeram-Rollason,Mrs.SueMainka,Mrs.NadineMcCormick),
RioTinto(Mr.NicolasdiBoscio),UNDP(Mrs.LyNguyenNgoc,Mr.PaulSteele),UNEP
(Mr.HugoAhlenius,Mrs.MarianneFernagut),UniversityofLancaster(Mr.RichardAuty),
WorldBank(Mr.JanBojo),WRI(Mr.PeterHazlewood,Mr.NorbertHenninger,Mr.DanHinstall),
andWWF(Mr.PabloGutman,Mr.DavidReed).
NATURALRESOURCESANDPRO-POORGROWTH:THEECONOMICSANDPOLITICS-ISBN978-92-64-04182-0-©OECD2008 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Inputswereprovidedbyrepresentativesofthefollowingpartnergovernments:Ghana
(Mr.WinfedNelson),TanzaniaandVietnam(Mr.Tien).
ThefollowingOECDbodiesanddirectoratesalsoprovidedinput:thejointENVIRONET/
WPGSPTaskTeamonGovernanceandCapacityDevelopmentforNaturalResourceand
EnvironmentalManagement,theDACPOVNET,theCommitteeonFisheries,theOECD
TradeandAgricultureDirectorate,andtheunitintheSecretary-General’sOfficeworking
onPolicyCoherenceforDevelopment.
Mr.RemyParis,Mr.ClemensBeckers,Mrs.TamaraLevineandMrs.AnnaBrtiderleof
theOECDSecretariatprovidedsubstantiveandmanagerialassistancetotheTaskTeam,
whileMrs.MariaConsolatiprovidedinvaluablesecretarialassistance.
WorkshopsandseminarstoprovideinputswereheldinParis(hostedbytheOECD),
Germany(hostedbyBMZ/GTZ),London(hostedbyIIED),intheUS(hostedbytheIMF),
Canada(hostedbyCIDA),andtheNetherlands(hostedbyDGIS).Adescriptionofthe
draftingprocessandsupportingcasestudieshavebeencollectedandpublishedonthe
poverty-environmentwebsitewww.povertyenvironment.net/pep.
Theeffortsandcontributionsofalltheseindividualsandorganisationsaregratefully
acknowledged.
6 NATURALRESOURCESANDPRO-POORGROWTH:THEECONOMICSANDPOLITICS-ISBN978-92-64-04182-0-©OECD2008
TABLEOFCONTENTS
TableofContents
Preface 13
NaturalResourcesandPro-PoorGrowth:TheEconomicsandPolitics 15
Executivesummary 16
IntroductiontoPartI:Overviewofkeyissues 16
IntroductiontoPartII:Keynaturalresourcesforpro-poorgrowth 20
Parti
OverviewofKeyIssues
Chapter1.Introduction 25
Notes 27
Chapter2.SomeUniqueFeaturesofNaturalResources 29
2.1. Thevariedformsandfunctionsofnaturalcapital 30
2.2. Measuringandmonitoringnaturalresourcestocks 30
2.3. Thenaturalresources“curse” 31
Note 33
Chapter3.TheEconomicsofSustainableNaturalResourceManagement 35
3.1. Overview 36
3.2. Naturalcapitalcontributesdirectlytoincomes,employmentand
fiscalrevenues 37
3.3. Naturalresourcesunderpinthelivelihoodsofmanyamongthepoorest 38
3.4. Naturalresourcesprovideasafetynetintimesofcrisis 40
3.5. Naturalresourcesgenerateawiderangeofpositiveexternalities
atthenationalandgloballevels 41
3.6. Sustainablenaturalresourcemanagementraisesuniquechallenges 41
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Notes 54
Chapter4.PoliticsofNaturalResources 55
4.1. Keyfactorsfornaturalresourcemanagement 56
4.2. Policiesandmeasuresforpro-poor,sustainableresourcegovernance 63
4.3. Managingthepolicyprocess:Politicalchangeinsupportofpro-poor
naturalresourcemanagement 66
4.4. Conclusions 68
Notes 69
NATURALRESOURCESANDPRO-POORGROWTH:THEECONOMICSANDPOLITICS-ISBN978-92-64-04182-0-©OECD2008 7
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Chapter5.ConclusionsandRecommendationsforPolicyMakers 71
5.1. Conclusions 72
5.2. Recommendations 73
Notes 78
ChecklistforPractitioners 79
Socio-economicaspectsofnaturalresourcemanagement 79
Capacityandgovernancefornaturalresourcemanagement 80
PartII
KeyNaturalResourcesforPro-PoorGrowth
Chapter6.FisheriesforPro-PoorGrowth 83
6.1. Overview 84
6.2. Thecontributionoffisheriestowardsgrowthandtheeconomy 84
6.3. Whatrolecanfisheriesplayinliftingpeopleoutofpoverty? 89
6.4. Thepoliticsofsustainingpro-poorfisheries 92
Notes 94
Chapter7.ForestryforPro-PoorGrowth 95
7.1. Overview 96
7.2. Contributionofforeststowardsgrowthandtheeconomy 96
7.3. Whatisthepotentialforforeststoliftthepooroutofpoverty? 98
7.4. Thepoliticsofincreasingtheroleofforeststopromotepro-poorgrowth....102
Chapter8.WildlifeandNature-BasedTourismforPro-PoorGrowth 105
8.1. Overview 106
8.2. Wildlifeandpoverty:Safetynetsandwealthcreation 106
8.3. Contributionofnature-basedtourismtowardsgrowthandtheeconomy....107
8.4. Whatisthepotentialfornature-basedtourismtoliftthepooroutofpoverty?..108
8.5. Trophyhunting 112
8.6. Thepoliticsofincreasingtheroleofnaturetourismtopromotepro-poor
growth 113
8.7. Wildlifetrade 113
Notes 115
Chapter9.SoilProductivityandPro-PoorGrowth 117
9.1. Overview 118
9.2. Thecontributionofsoilmanagementtogrowth 119
9.3. Policiesandmeasurestoencourageimprovedsoilmanagement 121
Chapter10.WaterSecurityandPro-PoorGrowth 123
10.1.Overview 124
10.2.Thepotentialcontributionofwaterresourcesmanagementto
pro-poorgrowth 126
10.3.Ensuringresponsiblewatermanagement 129
10.4.Thepoliticsofwatermanagementtopromotepro-poorgrowth 131
Chapter11.MineralsandPro-PoorGrowth 135
11.1.Overview 136
11.2.Theeconomicsofmining 137
8 NATURALRESOURCESANDPRO-POORGROWTH:THEECONOMICSANDPOLITICS-ISBN978-92-64-04182-0-©OECD2008