Natural Resource Management and Policy Ar/el Dinar and David Zilberman, Series Editors ...

513 Pages·2007·8.32 MB·English

Natural Resource Managementa nd Policy
Ar/el Dinar and David Zilberman, Series Editors
of
Management
Shared
Groundwater
Resources:
The Israeli-Palestinian
Case with an International
Perspective
edited
by
Eran Feitelson
Marwan Haddad
International DevelopmentR esearch Centre (IDRC)
and
RiuwerA cademicP ublishers
MANAGEMENT OF SHARED
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES:
The Israeli-Palestinian Case with an
International Perspective
MANAGEMENT OF SHARED
GROUNDW ATER RESOURCES:
The Israeli-Palestinian Case with an
International Perspective
Edited by
Eran Feitelson
and
Marwan Haddad
The Truman Institute for the Advancement of Peace,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
and
The Palestine Consultancy Group
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
BostonlDordrecht/London
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE
Ottawa — Cairo — I)akar — Johannesburg — Montevideo — Nairobi — New Dcliii Singapoic
Library of
Congress Data
A C. Cataheue re for oiis hook is avaiJahc from the I ihra'o !
C ong'ess
a
Canacian ntaogung PUbICaIiOn Data
Main entr undcr toic
Management of shared gr.rundweier resources, the israeli-Paiestiniarc ase with an
international perspective
Co published by Kiuwer Academic Publishers.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-88936-912-7
Water resources de\e lopment Israel,
2. Water resources development Palestine.
3. Groundwater — Management -- Israel.
4.
Groundwater Management - Palestine,
5. Water resources development Case Studies,
6. Groundwater Management . Case Studies,
I. Feitelson, Eran, 1956-
II. Haddad, Marwan, 1950-
III. International Development Research Centre (Canada)
HD1698.175 2000
331.910415095694 C00-980416-t
International Development Research Centre 2000
P0
Box 8500, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 3H9
http: //www. idrc ca/books!
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publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park,
Norwell, Massachusetts 02061
Publishedi n hardcover
by
Kiuwer Academic Publishers
101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, MA 02061, USA
http: //www.w kap .n i
Printed on acid-freep aper in the United Stateso f America
Contents
Preface
ix
IntroEducJtio n xi
Fiii lISON & MARWAN I IADJ)AD
Part I: THE PROBLEMS ANt) APPROACHEST O
GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
I lie Manacemetit of Shared Aq iiif ers
MARWANH ADoj). ERAN FEiTi:!soN & SHAIJI, AR! OSOROFI
'Flie Islam Ic Approach to the Environment and Sustainable
Groundwatei-
Management 25
MARW AN 1-IADDAI)
Part It: THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIANC ASE
Overview oft he Mountain Aquifer 43
YOAV HAROAZ. MARWAN HADDAD& Sii AUi, ARLOSOROFF
Water Resource Manaenient in Israel 57
Sil At L AiuoS( )RO1 F
The Need for Joint Management and Monitoring olthe Water
C'cle
"Usage" 75
K/1FN Ass\i
vi C 'onlenis
The Turonian—CenomanianA quifer 83
YONA KALl ANE
Legal and Administrative Responsibility ofD omestic Water Supply
to the Palestinians 107
TAllER NASSEREDDIN
Israeli-Palestinian Bargaining over the Mountain Aquifer 11 5
SINALA NETANYAHU,R 1c111\RD E. JusT & JOHN K. HoRowiTz
Part III: INTERNATIONALE XPERIENCE IN
CROSS-BOUNDARYM ANAGEMENTA ND
ALLOCATION OF WATER RESOURCES
From Rights to Needs 133
I.
AARON WOlF
Institutional Cooperation on Groundwater Issues 167
CAREL. DE VILLENEUVE
Centralized vs. Decentralized Approaches to Groundwater
Management and Allocation in the Context ofO verdevelopment 177
GREGORY A. THOMAS
The Evolving International Law ofT ransnational Aquifers 209
JOSEPH W. DFLLAPENNA
Water Rights 259
MIGIJII. SoI..\Nl:
Droughts, Crisis Mangement and Water Rights 285
ARlFl, DINAR
Part IV: MONITORING, MODLING AND DATA
COMPILATION AS PREREQUISITES FOR
GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
From MonitOringa nd Modeling to Decision Support Frameworks
for the Joint Management of Shared Aquifers 303
JAc A.M. VAN DER GuN
Contents vii
of
Hydrological Planning Aspects Groundwater Allocation 323
YOAV HARPAZ
The Potential of GIS in Water Management and Conflict Resolution 329
JAD ISAAC & MAHERO wEwl
Part V: ISSUES AND INOVATIVE OPTIONS FOR
GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
AND ALLOCATION
The Use of Economic Instruments for Efficient Water Use 349
SIEVEL ONERGAN
Water Markets, Water Rightsa nd Strategis for Decentralizing
Water
Management 363
K. WILLIAME ASTER & ROBERT HEARNE
Water Demand Management 385
DAVID B. BROOKS
Water Rights within a Water Cycle Framework 395
ERAN FEI
The Legal Framework of Joint Management Institutions for
Transboundarv Water Resources 407
EY\L BENVENISTI
Crisis Management 429
ISMAIL NAJJAR
Land Use Management in the Context ofJ oint Management
of
Shared Aquifers 445
NUMAN MIZYED
Part VI: AN ACTION PLAN FOR THE MANAGEMENT
OF SHARED GROUNDWATERR ESOURCES
A Sequential Flexible Approach to the Mangement of
Shared Aquifers 455
ERAN F[ ITEISON& MAR WAN HADDAD
ii Con/en/s
A Porposed Agenda fbr Joint Israeli—Palestinian Mangement
of Shared Groundwater 475
MAI\vAN HADDAD, ERi\N FEirimsoN,
SHAULA RLOSOR0FF& TALlER NAssiFI)I)lN
List of Contributors 495
Preface
Most of the world's freshwater resources in liquid state (i.e. not in
glaciers and polar caps) are underground. As the population gro\s and
demand for water rises the reliance on groundwater increases. Many parts of
the world already rely on groundwater. In many cases the groundwater
underlies boundaries, or is part of a hydraulic system that crosses
boundaries. Iii such cases there is always the daiiger that the "prisoner's
dilemma" will run its course and all parties will compete over who will
pump the most water, ultimately destroying the storage potential to the
detriment off uture generations ofa ll parties based on the groundwater. This
book explores the options and means for averting this all too realistic
scenario by managingt hese shared groundwater resources.
Nowhere is the likelihood of excessive use of groundwater greatert han in
the ater scarce Middle East, and especialb in the Israeli-Palestinian case.
Here both sides arc heavily reliant on a shared aquifer, the Mountain aquifer.
and are embroiled in long standing highly complex feud. Many see this
conflict over the Mountain Aquifer as a major obstacle for peace between
Israelis and Palestinians.
This book is the outcome of a seven year effort to find ways to manage
the Mountain aquifer, perhaps the most important resource shared by Israelis
and Palestinians. As part oft his cooperative study four workshops were held,
in which a selected number of Palestinian, Israeli and foreign experts were
invited. Most of the chapters in this book were originally presented in one of
these workshops. To these papers introductory and concluding chapters were
added. Essentially, these additional chapters set the scene of the study and
advance the main points raised in the final report ofp hase two of the study.
The study was conducted under the auspices of the Truman Institute for
Advancement of Peace at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the
Palestine Consultancy Group. Sari Nusseibeli. Dan Bitaii, Moshe Maoz.
x M Haddad & F. Feitelson
Arnnon Cohen and Edi Kaufman gave the continuingl eadership as directors
and deputy directors of these bodies. Issa khater and Idit Avidan facilitated
all the meetings and administrative matters.
This study began before anybody could guess the twists and turns the
peace process will take. We have experienced them all. Continuing this
project through many difficult periods, as well as short time periods of
elation, has made us and our colleagues, Shaul Arlosoroff and Taher
Nassereddin from mere co-researchers to partners in what turned out to be a
long, difficult voyage into uncharted water. It soon became obvious to us
that the experience with shared groundwater is so meager that we'll have to
come up with new and innovative options. In this book we present the
highlights of our journey. We present the context, the most important views
we heard along the way and the conclusions we reached. These pertain first
and foremost to ourselves, Israelis and Palestinians. However, as we realized
some time ago they could be of great use to people in other places who will
sooner or later face the same predicaments we face today. It is our hope that
this book may help them shorten their journeys.
The study was funded by the International Development Research Centre
(JDRC) of Canada and the Charles R Bronfman Foundation. We are niost
grateful to David Brooks of the IDRC not only for his support, hut also for
his active interest and participation in this study throughout. Supplementary
funds were provided by the Dialogue Fund of the Government of Canada
and the Jewish Community Foundation of Los Angeles. We are grateful to
all. Needless to say none but the authors bear any responsibility for the ideas
and views expressed in this book.
In bringing this book for print we were greatly assisted by Lisa Perlman,
who helped make the often convoluted prose into a readable text and Anat
Segev who prepared the camera ready manuscript for publication.
While the main highlights oft he journey are presented herein, the ideas
expressed in the chapters, and particularly our concluding recommendations,
benefited greatly from the discussions with all participants in the four
workshops. We would like to thank, therefore, all the participants in the
workshops and along the way.
Finally, we would like to dedicate this book to our wives, Rachel and
Hana, who always supported our work in innumerable ways.
Frau Fei lelson auicl Mans'c m Jk,cIdad
March 2000