Natural History

664 Pages·2021·266.937 MB·English

by  DK, Smithsonian Institution

UUSS__000022--000033__LLDD009966__TTiittllee..iinndddd 22 2255//0033//2211 22::3377 PPMM
S M I T H S O N I A N
NATURAL
THE ULTIMATE VISUAL GUIDE TO EVERYTHING ON EARTH
history
UUSS__000022--000033__LLDD009966__TTiittllee..iinndddd 22 2255//0033//2211 22::3377 PPMM UUSS__000022--000033__LLDD009966__TTiittllee..iinndddd 33 2255//0033//2211 22::3377 PPMM
FOREWORD 6
ABOUT THIS BOOK 8
LIVING EARTH MINERALS, MICROSCOPIC PLANTS
ROCKS, AND LIFE
A living planet 12 MOSSES 108
FOSSILS
Active Earth 14
ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA 90 LIVERWORTS 110
Changing climates 16
Habitats for life 18 MINERALS 38 PROTISTS 94 HORNWORTS 111
Human impact 20 ROCKS 62 Amoebas and relatives 96 LYCOPHYTES 111
Origins of life 22 Flagellates 97
Evolution and diversity 24 FOSSILS 74 Rhizarians 98 FERNS AND RELATIVES 112
Evolution in progress 26 Alveolates 100
CYCADS, GINKGOS,
Classification 28 Heterokonts 101
AND GNETOPHYTES 116
Animal genealogy 30 Red algae 103
Tree of life 32 Green algae 105 CONIFERS 118
Stoneworts and relatives 105
FLOWERING PLANTS 122
Basal angiosperms 124
Magnoliids 128
Monocots 130
Eudicots 150
c o n t e n t s
senior dtp designer Jagtar Singh senior production controller All rights reserved.
dtp designer Jaypal Chauhan Inderjit Bhullar Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved
pre-production manager Balwant Singh managing editor Camilla Hallinan above, no part of this publication may be reproduced,
production manager Pankaj Sharma managing art editor Karen Self stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or
jacket designer Tanya Mehrotra art director Phil Ormerod transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic,
dk india editorial head Glenda Fernandes associate publisher Liz Wheeler mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise),
SECOND EDITION dk india design head Malavika Talukder reference publisher Jonathan Metcalf without the prior written permission
of the copyright owner.
senisoern iaorrt e eddiittoorr G Inilal PStitrtasd ins FIRST EDITION DK INDIA Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited
us editor Karyn Gerhard senior project editor Kathryn Hennessy managing editor Rohan Sinha A catalog record for this book
managing editor Angeles Gavira Guerrero project editor Victoria Wiggins art director Shefali Upadhyay is available from the Library of Congress.
asspomuscmpbaispeadlneerctidenasoiesahigida iaoplgiiur nrn unaptcg gMb hrp td dlrcaodeiiiioohrsrsitrrkhndtoieeeve ciugceerncetctredd gtoRomtaiio rttidropro oo B himP nKrrrJeyho ae arc MGiincGrhlno etaiaOeianltnocnl rht iWhrreyaSarma nenLeOeo l erliRflM rzmbDloe leeWobidurdtwlcfe hf aryelfeler udsee edsKRdiigiitiscmEntoeholen CraiDrrzirsProasds eeh Bb r nsPJiHees ilnaalt icloduFih rksJHrali Ha-t ytMs BDnz T faeeAogermuulrdre yelnisPderiinsaosltealx,n tean oSlroaS,dny,l prnn tm,F,eA ee ds,P,eA pu n enCrGeNthcnrdntht,eeaine ieecrrAednra roi Y i snMP lKHteaFnri lncaan EelBaDrolesrlfnwt, adoo Hodg uplnndgerra,aei,e l lln ds mes,,y ea, r n , , psappreerrprndoordtoiid ojtotjeeJuejpordacec cg rictctdttt sot aimto a ooArperra Gnr dlSsdtNnk d iiam Ienaatereivs onggdaieRyimhaegrrni atrR,jt naaa nKo oP o egMjSRrairruyehnn ,a ssraM aSghw ,Ml DrasuPpSihmvantaaahatuiuhnikmkaelknu keaT Si ar aGrBThy ajaM haajaa S gSnrloAhaumioesnarkhroordadjadmeraela,elr a,, DiKn bbo1u4olk5k 0sf o aBrer redso aDuaalcvedKPaaswItr iSPipilaoSaBnruybnptoN,bel aemeSld lci 9 us aoiua7haittstnl 8iieeSsnod-.p an g0 8Felb se-0Scoo,7s1 ipru@4pa, e nlr4dN ceddde0ime taki-isawl3.nic ciu5M lo osCYm0u,mao1 hncsr-ri,tko8nk sefn,a ut wtNsna,hcd Y et- :nr 1a 0pis0ui1nr8cgh, aosre d
Dean Morris, Amy Orsborne,
DK INDIA Steve Woosnam-Savage This American Edition, 2021
project editor Tina Jindal special photography Gary Ombler First American Edition, 2010 www.dk.com
senior art editor Mahua Mandal picture research Neil Fletcher, Published in the United States by DK Publishing
editor Nidhilekha Mathur Peter Cross, Julia Harris-Voss, Sarah Hopper, 1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018
art editor Karan Chaudhary Liz Moore, Rebecca Sodergren, Jo Walton,
project picture researcher Deepak Negi Debra Weatherley, and Suzanne Williams Copyright © 2010, 2021 Dorling Kindersley Limited TStheiws abrodoskh iwp aCs omuandceil w™it hc eFrotrifeisetd
picture research manager Taiyaba Khatoon dk picture library Claire Bowers DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC paper—one small step in DK’s
senior managing editor Rohan Sinha database Peter Cook, David Roberts 21 22 23 24 25 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 cFoomr mmoitrme einnfto trom aa tsiuosnt aginoa tbol e future.
managing art editor Sudakshina Basu production editor Tony Phipps 001–315218–Sept/2021 www.dk.com/our-green-pledge
UUSS__000044--000055__LLDD009966__CCoonntteenntt..iinndddd 44 2255//0033//2211 22::3388 PPMM
FOREWORD 6
ABOUT THIS BOOK 8
FISHES 324 Turacos 464
Jawless fishes 326 Hoatzin 465
Cartilaginous fishes 327 Cuckoos 465
Ray-finned fishes 334 Owls 467
Lobe-finned fishes 353 Mesites 470
Nightjars 471
AMPHIBIANS 354 Hummingbirds and swifts 473
Frogs and toads 356 Trogons 476
Caecilians 369 Mousebirds 476
Salamanders and newts 370 Kingfishers and relatives 477
Cuckoo-roller 479
REPTILES 374
Hornbills, hoopoes, and
Turtles and tortoises 376
wood hoopoes 482
Tuatara 383
Woodpeckers and toucans 483
Lizards 384
Seriemas 487
Amphisbaenians 393
Passerines 488
Snakes 394
LIVING EARTH MINERALS, MICROSCOPIC PLANTS FUNGI ANIMALS Crocodiles and alligators 404
MAMMALS 506
ROCKS, AND LIFE Egg-laying mammals 508
BIRDS 408
A living planet 12 MOSSES 108 MUSHROOMS 212 INVERTEBRATES 250 Pouched mammals 509
Active Earth 14 FOSSILS Sponges 252 Tinamous 410 Sengis 518
CHHOEEvvhuaroobaimgllniuutiagttnaniiitsoons inn ogmf f oaic pnrlnli ia fldmpeci fr tdeao tigverese rssist y 222211246806 MRFOOISNCSKEILRSS A LS 367284 AAFRAPlRRmlhavOgiCeozeToHaelllrIbaAaSiattaTEeesn SsAsas nAdN rDel aBtAivCeTs ERIA 1909999870604 LHLFCYEIYOVCRCREONARNPSDWW HASOY,ON GRTRDITET NRSSSK E GLAOTSI, V ES 111111110112 SLAICCH FEUNNSG I 224348 CFRSVWAeleonragaltutivtmhdwneerartdeoor nwwrbipatmeoooenadrdrssr mm s sw sso rms 222222266556568291004 RFWPLA oeolaabanwtontaigntedltu,esrr ssgfiono haswsems ealers ,w bpaierttderrse,s l as,n d relatives 444444221121460520 TADHEASlelaroyuenrmtrpgdrhaohaevxsnadc aeangsirsnl t k laasod n ns dad n gmtoealadnteeanrtse m eso les 555555522212228091215
Classification 28 Heterokonts 101 AND GNETOPHYTES 116 Arachnids 264 Grebes 427 Rabbits, hares, and pikas 529
Animal genealogy 30 Red algae 103 Sea spiders 270 Flamingos 428 Rodents 533
Tree of life 32 Green algae 105 CONIFERS 118 Horseshoe crabs 270 Storks 429 Tree shrews 543
Ibises, bitterns, herons,
Stoneworts and relatives 105 BFLaOsaWl aEnRgIioNsGp ePrLmAsN TS 112242 CInrsuescttasc eans 227781 C oarnmd oprealnictasn, sg annets, 430 CProilmugaotes s 554434
Magnoliids 128 RBribyboozona wnso rms 330044 and relatives 433 BHaetds gehogs, moles, and relatives 557620
Monocots 130 Lampshells 305 Tropicbirds 433 Pangolins 573
Eudicots 150 Mollusks 305 Birds of prey 434 Carnivores 574
Bivalves 306 Falcons and caracaras 441 Odd-toed ungulates 602
Gastropods 308 Bustards 442 Even-toed ungulates 608
c o n t e n t s Cephalopods 313 Cranes, rails, and relatives 443 Whales, porpoises, and dolphins 628
Chitons 317 Kagu and sunbittern 445
Tusk shells 317 Waders, gulls, and auks 448
Echinoderms 318 Sandgrouse 456 GLOSSARY 634
Pigeons and doves 457 INDEX 638
CHORDATES 322 Parrots and cockatoos 460 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 663
senior dtp designer Jagtar Singh senior production controller All rights reserved.
dtp designer Jaypal Chauhan Inderjit Bhullar Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved
pre-production manager Balwant Singh managing editor Camilla Hallinan above, no part of this publication may be reproduced,
production manager Pankaj Sharma managing art editor Karen Self stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or
jacket designer Tanya Mehrotra art director Phil Ormerod transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic,
dk india editorial head Glenda Fernandes associate publisher Liz Wheeler mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise),
SECOND EDITION dk india design head Malavika Talukder reference publisher Jonathan Metcalf without the prior written permission Established in 1846, the Smithsonian Institution—the ADDITIONAL CONSULTANTS CONSULTANT EDITOR
senisoern iaorrt e eddiittoorr G Inilal PStitrtasd ins FIRST EDITION DK INDIA Published in Greaotf Bthriet acionp byyr iDghotr oliwngn eKr.i ndersley Limited w1o9r ldm’su lsaerugmesst amndu sgeaulmler aiensd a rneds etahrec hN caotimonpalel xZ—ooilnocgliucdale s Dr. DDiarn.a M Laipttshceowm bD, .D Kra. nReo, bDerr.t JLamüceksi nDg., LDarw. rTehyo, r sten David Burnie is a former winner of the Aventis Prize for
us editor Karyn Gerhard senior project editor Kathryn Hennessy managing editor Rohan Sinha A catalog record for this book Park. The total number of objects, works of art, and Science Books, and the editor of DK’s highly successful
managing editor Angeles Gavira Guerrero project editor Victoria Wiggins art director Shefali Upadhyay is available from the Library of Congress. specimens in the Smithsonian’s collections is estimated at Lumbsch, Andrew M. Minnis, Dr. Ashleigh Smythe, Animal. He has written or contributed to more than 100
asspomuscmpbaispeadlneerctidenasoiesahigida iaoplgiiur nrn unaptcg gMb hrp td dlrcaodeiiiioohrsrsitrrkhndtoieeeve ciugceerncetctredd gtoRomtaiio rttidropro oo B himP nKrrrJeyho ae arc MGiincGrhlno etaiaOeianltnocnl rht iWhrreyaSarma nenLeOeo l erliRflM rzmbDloe leeWobidurdtwlcfe hf aryelfeler udsee edsKRdiigiitiscmEntoeholen CraiDrrzirsProasds eeh Bb r nsPJiHees ilnaalt icloduFih rksJHrali Ha-t ytMs BDnz T faeeAogermuulrdre yelnisPderiinsaosltealx,n tean oSlroaS,dny,l prnn tm,F,eA ee ds,P,eA pu n enCrGeNthcnrdntht,eeaine ieecrrAednra roi Y i snMP lKHteaFnri lncaan EelBaDrolesrlfnwt, adoo Hodg uplnndgerra,aei,e l lln ds mes,,y ea, r n , , psappreerrprndoordtoiid ojtotjeeJuejpordacec cg rictctdttt sot aimto a ooArperra Gnr dlSsdtNnk d iiam Ienaatereivs onggdaieRyimhaegrrni atrR,jt naaa nKo oP o egMjSRrairruyehnn ,a ssraM aSghw ,Ml DrasuPpSihmvantaaahatuiuhnikmkaelknu keaT Si ar aGrBThy ajaM haajaa S gSnrloAhaumioesnarkhroordadjadmeraela,elr a,, DiKn bbo1u4olk5k 0sf o aBrer redso aDuaalcvedKPaaswItr iSPipilaoSaBnruybnptoN,bel aemeSld lci 9 us oaiua7haittstnl 8iieeSsnod-.p an g0 8Felb se-0Scoo,7s1 ipru@4pa, e nlr4dN ceddde0ime taki-isawl3.nic ciu5M lo osCYm0u,mao1 hncsr-ri,tko8nk sefn,a ut wtNsna,hcd Y et- :nr 1a 0pis0ui1nr8cgh, aosre d tNhaa1ntie5s id1o 5a2un. 56rcaea l m mntMiooiilwulSnllMsii,nooe nennuIaadT, mrs t ttHpir shoeoe,Sen sfcsO e aibcNmalNiu resalecIentkAnhurc v soreNc iafsaec ,lCnwne Had,tOhn e aiodiNrsnc,bt hSdhodjU e ireisscsycdLt t,ohcT iswcoro.A aynlThatN.teihracTdseihhSn t Siehopmdo pi linidutn hsbt sthlmohiecneo iraen PrSoMdDIuTrc.H tWS dOKileNelviaaIelAmyl No GBP Eom. rNWedTnohEtniR tmmPRaanInS.aEgSer GRbiibDocMsGhoora.kaen rtKso,td ffaiDi smnBroedee nry Daie, st KkeF ta nyeiH C,bfnl eiDbaiclsOyrlio-rt,v.B yw eDAN ryM yro,m .afTP a Rnyxtr-,hRoiw JceDafhee nIZrals e.Blsro , oF dBoDUrr leK oarTen.gTir irciG,mc beODaeys lHo, r D S.RrJ aoogCilpeeclShi lipdC eaLetar.ryeyl ,eM ,v o DsyR fc,D r oGLC. beoCahe nvHhmrdiinruosii, nmns g.e,,
project DedKi tIoNrD TIAina Jindal specDiaealS ntpe hMvoeo tWrorgiosro, asAnpmahmyy -OGSaravsrbaygo Oernme,b ler FTihrsist AAmmeerriiccaann EEddiittiioonn,, 22002110 www.d k.com Dr.D Man. aG DM. r(.. JSDerteer pyR)h oeHcnha Crea,a sDierwnr.s yC,c Dhar,r l.Ga A aDlrloyev nHe C,e Lvoeelllsi,ln iDes, r H. Ralaef, a el director,J illl iCceonrsceodra Pnublishing CDhrr.i sP Pate lMlaonrtr, iHs,e Dlern. DPeolulagnlta,s MPaiclmhaeerl, SDcro. tKt,a Ctiaer Poal rUsoshnes,r ,
senior art editor Mahua Mandal picture research Neil Fletcher, Published in the United States by DK Publishing Professor Mark Viney, Dr. David J. Ward,
editor Nidhilekha Mathur Peter Cross, Julia Harris-Voss, Sarah Hopper, 1450 Broadway, Suite 801, New York, NY 10018 Lemaitre, Dr. Chris Meyer, Dr. Jon Norenburg, DMM, ECom and D-to-C Dr. Elizabeth Wood.
projecat rptic etduirtoe rr eKsaeraarnc Chehrau Ddheeapryak Negi LDize bMrao oWree,a Rtheebrelecyc,a aSnodd Seurgzraennn,e J oW Willailatmons, Copyright © 2010, 2021 Dorling Kindersley Limited TStheiws abrodoskh iwp aCs omuandceil w™it hc eFrotrifeisetd DDrr. . DKalvaiuds LR.u Ptzawlers,o Dn,r P. Haualn Pso-Dhwieatte,r D Sur.e Jse, fDfrre.y M Ei.c Phoasetl , Janet Archer
picture research manager Taiyaba Khatoon dk picture library Claire Bowers DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC paper—one small step in DK’s
senior managing editor Rohan Sinha database Peter Cook, David Roberts 21 22 23 24 25 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 cFoomr mmoitrme einnfto trom aa tsiuosnt aginoa tbol e future. Vecchione, Dr. Warren Wagner, Dr. Jeffrey T. Williams, President, smithsonian enterPrises
managing art editor Sudakshina Basu production editor Tony Phipps 001–315218–Sept/2021 www.dk.com/our-green-pledge Dr. Don E. Wilson, Dr. George Zug. Carol LeBlanc
UUSS__000044--000055__LLDD009966__CCoonntteenntt..iinndddd 44 2255//0033//2211 22::3388 PPMM UUSS__000044--000055__LLDD009966__CCoonntteenntt..iinndddd 55 2255//0033//2211 22::3388 PPMM
UUSS__000066--000077__FFoorreewwoorrdd..iinndddd 66 2255//0033//2211 22::3388 PPMM
F O R E W O R D
When I was a boy, I would visit the local public library and spend
as long as I was allowed looking at science and reference books.
The books that especially enthralled me were the forerunners of
this book. Packed with color diagrams, images of exotic species,
and faraway places, coupled with informative text, they were the
siren call for a lifetime of studying and teaching. The natural world
around me was then an unknown entity and I wanted to learn
about all of it. It is a very human desire to learn, but nobody
knows which bit of biology they will be most attracted to and I
went on to pick the largest and most diverse animal group of all.
If I were to live a lifetime of lifetimes, I would never know
everything there is to know about insects.
No book could ever be a comprehensive study of Earth’s extant
life forms, which incidentally comprise only one percent of those
that have ever lived. For that you would need a library of hefty
tomes. What you have in your hands is much more serviceable. It
is a clear roadmap to guide you on a journey that will take you
from the steaming forests of the tropics to the freezing cold of
the polar regions, and from mountain peaks to the depths of the
ocean. It is an abridged exploration of the products of a couple of
billion years of evolution that will show you some of the several
million ways of living on Earth.
It is relatively easy to write screeds of detailed information on
any topic you care to name, but this approach is not going to be
of use to anyone other than experts and it is unlikely to encourage
anyone else to study the living world. No, the real skill and the
very purpose of this book is to distil a vast body of natural history
knowledge amassed by countless researchers to provide an
authoritative, yet accessible, account.
There may come a time in the distant future when we are
able to venture elsewhere in our galaxy and beyond. Will we find
extraterrestrial life on a far distant rocky planet and if so, will it
be simple, single-celled organisms or complex creatures to rival
humans or humpbacked whales? To imagine that in the vastness
of the Cosmos, our inconsequential planet is the single, solitary
place where life has evolved—an unbelievable fluke of stellar
serendipity—seems vanishingly improbable. What is certain is
that we inhabit a planet of staggering complexity and breathtaking
beauty, and one that is constantly changing. What we must realize,
and quickly, is that we have no dominion over it but are simply
part of an immense community of interdependent species.
Newcomers to natural history will find themselves engrossed
and even specialists, steeped in the minutiae of one tiny part of
the tree of life, will value the majestically broad sweep of this
meticulously researched volume. If I could have my life all over
again, I’d start by reading this.
DR. GEORGE McGAVIN
Honorary Research Associate, 
Oxford University Museum of Natural History
Senior Principal Research Fellow, Imperial College London
UUSS__000066--000077__FFoorreewwoorrdd..iinndddd 66 2255//0033//2211 22::3388 PPMM UUSS__000066--000077__FFoorreewwoorrdd..iinndddd 77 0099//0044//2211 66::4488 PPMM
A B O U T T H I S B O O K
The Natural History Book begins with a general introduction to life on
Earth: the geological foundations of life, the evolution of life forms, and how
for easy reference, visual
organisms are classified. The next five chapters form an extensive, accessible contents panels list the
subgroups within each section,
catalog of specimens—from minerals to mammals—interspersed with and the page number where
each subgroup can be found
fact-filled introductions to each group and in-depth feature profiles.
SECTION INTRODUCTION
Each chapter is divided into sections
reprtedhsTeee finhctnehie nas regtahc mcteti oeagjrnroio sriutn tiptcar,sx o aoadnnnudodc m dtbiioeischnc uag hvrsisiogoeuhrsps lti igthnhhegatisrst. 37MALS • REPTILES4 RReawscSCOFPeiAPHsLRtdEpMAoYDoCSLIeEItScLUtER iI ShMiSErl E aSe ea tsrne magdreP iewc o ai(ftc shhoTo alhpCdbHohR-iOEttbRiP1,aTDs1l IIA,ttdL0oT59IisAA024roc ayadLn teeedTtnaadnhdsno h )acvdtd,eEn liio vbd nfiir2niemorroi9lssdyrv5tna ast e ouS.rmetm ferrDe bspmis,leust erlaioi rnlao,aqeid nnttusrae gsearoeyn t,nsveti ud-ch.otad rehln Aivasc seMey dhuald ytgtr ec hteohf syrhapc.o oootTzreemsiouleahs eiwu ecsg safry fmhbEoso ua ur paurrlcatnhel ,naodg dirtbl dsmehrp.ioapeo l neit moauisnslfni eo pm ocmsase anos aosuu rtmlerfcoys hrm , s a ls rBdhsaqmaiyveud epta prhdhmsteiiivs afiMbietelreadegese.—sen o dTiazg utttlenoirraouuzistcra—lrrao 33lerEyttdts78 ur aosaolaap6,3nn,ep rip s,dsrs nseaae eacanapsrrkdtneoei dlclsdea.,ost daehnrial ditda h nes
evolution over time. ANI agaonnrffodd tu haspueesrr ditvahiilnva peot dtssea ttruiholrles sea m6xu6irass stm s dt oioelmxdlitoaiiynnn aceyttveeiooadlrnv sE e eadavgr eitonnh. t.t hRthiesap tpt keilrieli lo edd liz3a8rd4s
skinA alln rde pbteihleasv siohraarle t cheerrtmaionr cehgaurlaactitoenri—sticuss,i nsugc ohu atss isdcea ly amphisbaenians
sboauskrcinegs tion mthaei nsutani,n f oa rc eoxnasmtanptle b. oBduyt ttehme pvaerriaotuusr eg,r boyu ps 393
classiofinc aetaicohn ibnotxreosd duicstpiolany, PCHLAYSLSU M CHROERPTDIALTIAA Rswkieitnph wtkieiltreha tsoicnvae arlneladsp saporinem gae ptpiamrtocethese cbst oitvnheei c.l akyeenre odf epcMalailxrnrzlooa dhahcHntr ieaboadybocmid sttsit i teq apoladidnubhate sdnavibs sm isieybosn,r nuaaa atteat sn hue eknddesncei ,i aoits fftqnou rsebuyorsarue—t spesa,ttinc er chracahmseeles aeapa ssvhvdn.t e aaii Tdl rlvryee ueees svpra u fottrotobyllmiefuvtlp erseraoi os dclarl—plnaie mlitlddcilymyl sbpsit. zsoh bdeF arealoseretl nmldowas.d srisLsei ,enafe ri os zs aflnsr ooatapmaerunredkdengscse d.,ibtse a,yis in l. scanrllao34ikcg90eoa4st4doilress and
the current taxonomic ORDERS 4 aerceo sfyosutnedm i nre cpotiolelesr a treem impeproatreta cnltim boattehs .a sW pirtehdinat eoarcs h
hieragrrcohuyp— unthdee rl edvieslc uosfs itohne FAMILIES 92 Trperhpoertoe scdhtusec tlehl eoe udet m eogbf rgwy oaa tlfleorrow. Tmsh rdee epohtuyitldeersra ttloaioy enr. artsopannredtcg oaieeis s sope fasr r eoaeytr .hoe Me perpox aoscntrl utiamusrinevai elscslta.yi rcA nh o iefvmerobwnriev ilvsoa,orr rfegeesees, . dlbiizunatgr mdosna anany wd ide
is highlighted SPECIES 11,050 bSsooecmihaela. sApveltichoioersu ga hrae sn lsuodgligt aissrhuy awrnvdhe iirnveaaacst liovteh ewrhs eanre c ohoiglh, olyn ce
their preferred body temperature is reached by basking
or pressing against a warm rock, they can be very active.
Reproductive behavior can be complex, with males
Crtuarirsotelcedso w mdeiallln eoasffg ec t ahonen l gywr aoa uslpnkrd aw,w wiltihhne gtrh egeaaisirt .body aAmclottihsvtoe uclyag shde essf oetmhnede im nsqgau lteae mrrerapitttoeisrle ige fisev raetn ibdlii rzcteohsu ttrhote iln ifvgee mf eyamoluea,nl ewgs,.h ion
then lays eggs in an underground nest. All reptiles are
independent and self-feeding from birth, although some
crocodilians give parental care for two or more years.
Reptiles are exploited by humans for their skin or
as food. This, along with habitat loss, pollution, and
climate change, threatens the survival of many species.
debate boxes tackle scientific Rrtheegep umltaiotlere nbsi onmdgy os utdenim ftyop eatrhbaestoiurrr bbe .e hTheahavetiy oe rbn aetsorkg yi.n fliTppheer gs raenedn a t uflratttleeS nmEedaAy s hTaepUlpl,e RiasT rw LperElli m aIdNitaip vIteTe dbS ut Eot, LiwtEsi tMahq uEeaffiNticcT ileifnet.
controversies and taxonomic discussions
arising from new discoveries
a male of a female of
the species the species
Wrsahuera38epcREPTILES • LIZARDSb4iGt htidhdtAoawmawLTllaAeahbSabsastsL1CRffamistipneaooedephhnsr rn0foaeetiienr meyiillwsoon amedezseettetvgylesietu napsevRupflhh rsna htd pH icaeecslropoclitatapietlrrltmG irdgimiotnygig aeaIhhnaaenieere ffaizreTdsca(c xmgteeeu fiy.dqac, cCoedla3das tsathiesloo At ntTtAio galigejiuyi rsioo smr rehaartiscrfanoensgmsarndtnZlhdhs m bu traa eamrehp togdmssrpl rasflhGa e csOeso oatmnsflifoot)m , ,elelebainrmgtrvoMecin ici aeo Ipnt miaryegrsprghircg a a iarAgen n oryare gt caeahs enieeot,Aj o—er,aelgkieel noai lenl a dNhec anl cea blge ciii samteisg . de.onlttrftochnkAetE vadnlitiprhplTa e wer Meonshiclao nh i13ieayiIsseFcf peii. ecOroe md zsnoual2i0s ttei r tuoSce neyltUlilintat to y H flLlr lriiecietfofreruPlambtzeton a eaedeclnar me d acr seb ilcMr l otttaIen,tddronnginyreaiy brrich .orrsfraatobNo CaeWgtoEe gc raetri dviage bwdRb iions sohtrdrf ruTnhawecfutnlacYerpicahtnni seo oaptiroiiheruvertsfsr sklg hn.se Oalgel a ocoreheyr.Cc itaia yornyvo- ac sa rtoncilst rmrTenm hlasmfd. duve HrniPhbeifo eay nace ehnriurunghv g Tb, hoawtaaumad la ms loyNAtcl eeu;ridoot trDtei rhhtloc ha.ra 4 miiarsvonhrsn eii Mr levcsrpse25ehaA,rrhprrbehieuedhte re1g lo0e esdy pw enevzrao Eil oa st e i oES isc.slito eamcri iaaKvil dnto n hacwmysibotn,obnfiuLnitbTfs .rey o hrmaebveidiegs ittoa,Eotvgn r eoodnttsAihrrssI hmcsli Sa bces.sboOmn psaenabe , euaosae1u aeoehi.s l seoatMprnb , g fcrthNnrut2eputr i c atoossaetreuwel tu hdr,oetteits ,i n1/2 reerh ec drapNima ht nw n .oc a esincfsdlacelr t don toio,aeaeri gMueht e ionahid eoifciioiptcdyryfy rew(te nstle,g f fod.i hgma la h1 pg n lssyh pteamaw htlbtsouore—r0 leh(ersnen hao l 1oaatrcme -n ea egasyts –yesphsnglsy.ca teTd ll aepk 5i oe3 reo e sat umzlccnea ni f ,irirnns0cinaf ip nrzp csrntdmgyr e,aya c oehe d o o rb m hl)nname dsaf uRty ty)su to . 52 n26na icenm adloBEOrn—tfTslaatmvAhmsnusvsafoickE38.Txinega ieepahc¼nla AifeazncAg ahhtlmmacixxi eametrevtdasf tiihtalin Raisrsusincehy tcuueriras ionait aulsbch bmb dDoi Ral iaao nol,puaetenoclaiphiealsau llss.eiEau dufbss ow gaeDc len ts.dDa ssgoyoin,cDaap tiffmhli tut n Miielrdhorhpacr hraihoacs s ia.lnliePe.pg eltn sle gpmiilbthfefn ,slosMa gply o atYnSr ee sole wociwgllnphboem naorhmsg.Gtnooi ccmon ayx oizctauoliisaaThmtgModitna e-n Uea.t l d b afttth.rle sitsnuese h yrcr a hcMoleYuceetpTe oesvtp a dstrh e hhseh isvin-rpbcrseeeocllaesprh sieiarlCr epiincesetrmcdgiist,t ngzsnetleaa ein H aty ceeihhan teelatadmurcueeglifrna gi clsyieh tAeraldeoeifrs vdes bis n Caisteo eodaewl h gerresltetMm.elpeailendstwn sr iaadsnar uadn srs eatiia i“e uyitEvo aotnssk ooegt r tatnatd fxhre eLcewe.ftsite rnirohgeer orexax hentEnotUea toinrg piisu liepndrOehmtu dThlr .iss gac insanhcrna rdblooett i Neoo gsiab eitbr rae auy t arla ptnfheelsitatmfi,hil ecse th.t t,rnrhycge puKdkcfra o tcoeuoeewei ga tioTrraiaF. urhnmp vhnICMo.rnul inhseyompu”mhl nyIuA ian ith el edMouyde,fl itnssdoainyg sEsi nf adenshCFghinomvC grltam,ahr ahfengftmccDmMdisigui oeOsgedu t ieH rggtcHh te zeoPsi utvtbatroiaeaoisra,Iohainasevane nflacArdphsh.auhlcgeA TigAn nmdlm -trpiniasit yepIlscatdafthi eeeeleiiNsmtnoseEru hMi eoyspMteyetntpo. tgcaoouu n d eceyreo ei lRrgheitTsrtmM hmasoiea d arerl scan, rnaesElr purcEaloon e rr stfRH oev ifr,fhs, nra,aoilisiaLn—eLz ido aniri e nao tnalNuiantout er A— ryweE. ErtaadEli uosrihtddldl me nstegysi rno p RrrO nNi naO rau cd siasaei fedsndn vlh t a efrocfNnE p eNleii e r.lTiheisp nrst ld.setnrzA i eehr hc st agebNeosee eeiNrh ityen bfdt .c,es o lisP sr n a raiArs sti g b aleRrees e s tSstciC oan tTAOciEngrat lDSATcmt(tefBheftlthPCOFShrt iui.slhhrhhaNtczarh APovvaiaHuyoLRcAhhTamsoaaaobtaQLioemnEd ’mym MdAeaeodttYnitdsrDsf hSlusCE a ihLd cuderlrpeUeSil betamhiLer i nItiEantiIi hsndsltleeCS isrerrLcthUi-det Ei 62noVmRsza,Acenoca eoPods aaIoe 30HBSonatIiM y eoc dsrtn rn .EeiECeio1/2ny p MghauMpeNercam enn o,TcaSs dsaA Irhm sa eryredpl aii wi hirletaiLehrsiun(niCn ynarn A ts rAytnTMeodeLmt ie ,scha g esEsmel tdCv w ft oflrdae Io uLlclThlit gnr mthsao,oDiiuZgnltehJamEs i zoolHonTeuoeuooceoarsanUAarA)ieAaeae mu Loic s r s.i toesiffdiolnC lw wrAro.etberufRcC teM:SeEmnl de oui csgsrytmEoPstat Heo oothDMnssriusOKel ,h rrstaiIsaorA r rsntrtde aei .e.we scliSheepnVhnlaA ,f ismS eN l -adarIa Edaa)eS Ntalejcensest hJlOal rh,EealMmslro i i Ltt o dicris yuzth h tfen t ezmccu hipeoNmshga E phiravut, takhisltEaertdonarviir reiOtinhOrs hevfidn’ emescdose as arLdo oSteest sosiaa- as ru lskeNRsonsrilwaaEt bn Ceuqkik taips eosn. z iclk CSual O eegsnur.eDifsasf ia,sO .eQeocskH ns sh a m,r rbRla NsAot reef iUgafdEtmObzay w n o2137 Eaav vesdlk iat Acui2R8s0u0tliPRota ao evemil rcte M th senTiiDclcctii dr s 6avlnnnpebooermmeaadlIAA,.sse e gl sLf6ue bql ota TT dsai38 Is thyunlnAAA e87rh..ree ee . e CCodasTolwwnfrofoh hifoadnatttmiehggurhs -Hnoc onseGt bamuicrhadnag slenAif eilCislochaamlsd lIe—oRahumnntl Ob,ehmeslcn i Ddloe udSniRitpo nmatliigm sEyuenfreI o str AgaeNEEg Aenn nv Ngif nt ae ngLirhshlrn Ts aLi.Isaaleec miibSAZdMczc ai.Oatoo t,A-LisA raaldr s odltRilsT ndoainer ioiae u DssntWt. —trhoa.h eEfreIoecttee hwe srhr inlEbnseod12h eur06 al iA-tei cdicsegTnqmhhsr h aaiu ratanpiilm,levHyd sda a o o cnbtlf eeo idamenn bltct pooThhtAcrkrusra Lel41heo uut eni6o0yionhrsscdd is fcf nthn IA sem or tw.ltesc onhahcM aZw PBlhflkeeianna -sRiysar OswtmlltiuesleiheirgeIlnaUh nAosoo oclCu , netwigvasu tLzhagntKas wi st ann hlEeuehhafiwiLRrg eaziyrNigtf31dn shaE s aehlh b¼ sdGmi.lis rNemtiz ilmc ,pe Szidl fa DErnelAeta wropuaspg adRgrd nlsciPdeal ahe nlie’g r lf EgntSsilacSr eloycs ei codh sap zhr hm e, raia w dneflol r aAe tdoaaydshsntp s eiuoe asranlr ,. l er. ionCnisneo t cmlAhoteunusTCm FngAsgahhslflito fRnronlpUerlduaniiond aa emnIriits lugl StvimtcwalvLoibns,esneairTei ts neyL dsl,mgmirhssiae atsedR e.tEtutse mdt oohe39sloW berI DAiftubsi50itr vnn trpn saeaal tr wreaicLii h tgshniluaszolLcmselleclFpIt a a y pr lIwnbeauatCAlorle uiiZpesa nesdccuzfitse eErNedsadgcisah acAnd ei k leN nadrdrlml pi d osaoiwo.dnReWdmre r npaTorf aai c eoegohtknhkegDsawtgAdRree imoeean io ln easadaiaslndsTs nAre rtketa hsr eialaoe s igisl aEemPiddnn oLl urrenanb a R, o nrsv edfn w udieem.BgierA nuA td ra ni ArooiDt lEuerr dtlon41opdidff seAeRio 6u0dato82us wbrmo ur gi0 wpl clRigrAnaatfvnehn macr s lnei P s-aDGi51dtmi oticrdpaee5hn– tTufh,iOaEs ii– y7u uninnn. cwthbaAtn1 isD41li s eNehsdiitoiT inr86 egt0aasc psSsgAt iid thhcw ns.ihvcdsDIctnD neyu mteimIehaopAira is, tsffisrRnnR meim i ttbtsswAlNinrhg. aircuAAmmcdaueyh uu tooblelWsGsG eeios levbr31 t atr nretniri¼e O ceO,a,mArg fg a eG,rocitotet h glneNfhNiTochhniretRtRnecsdwNairm i si Enassns semh TEAwaeO ki eca RuTplntclohEiitsitiIeiinrn Rzstne T ztMHnhiAS rNbeNi ta shnauvNte c.Thsdrg Dro or eOaoc s B-ofiAildiaa h.dirlHndUgaosrS ilnt oo ROmAsao rpohe.lsomfhTs irocfrg res teu52lIa fre oaAeWfNhsprsoeltfieroRe00. socyhmr ft ,diik d dvriFartci b uYhocln scIc ntensiedsaesumgiaL Rl yozhP o .r v sseisr. eaDa tlrmonI lwtIottsEiiIooIxrrtmsznZyraegrtC d Eia racDan iolxrg sodeau aAllld rVeAty u f ulfusdy tsdai oerv pTsesnReCes IssoNw wec ii lnrip sLlnvmRasnhsedDi r.v ime z i nin MineifstTi EenlntaArrfdustyeaogtrehoaoE h sniloAfcdrgno,emldn,ir lil s nnsD wuaciiiuwmiS.sctge nl lubhpmsT ahuah.Rhehd lrui nettminiIniaaikc.cmAtsrsG tbes hhoeeMpsgsi.Gi ,e u U utd ri moTaasst ttaO f llhe Rhy e as s. Neoks a.A et 385 46BIRDS • PARROTS AND COCKATOOS2 PrSoe.stRD sdhoAPs o iEenmmbrreDlAotyeac-pfcr kt-wrt:iaa Fehc yrwPiRAlaliuuaestnsffetisdN t e 31t p ftRa13whd5pa8 aa33cPac– –acrhmc eincr1A4irnieOmd6r op2o ntoR½a tiorc tet eem rRsriox Tn,aic tOc nit13lhsiohu46eteTsSie ssircsend m al y. AND COCiAtAKsh uT aemsgn UtsAre NrooemRauepeltibnQeoTahfe np,gUe r: htrwa POhoeaOsosesmtfnA i sIwP oeatot bauSptd aAuRfOParg saEr ialtrpiet torTna cnIenrq rsheuolpnitPrrN phaoyuddeoeuflcdoaSliAmito csuabi poCnrs:tc e aNhieb c aiseu PoRiasl,inEo efaik es.idernfestr lfl sRenrsS As ihydxtt lP pfteRoesm ahiaSpir tOfismsnastmgfoenrltai O arrPeraefP82tub timctTaolr mcantnxhA0 rli:sSiiAlom asar ndt41a o dl acPcoscEtt,d..R6c t0ad Rno m. r essg T u–-e–elufiIrdtnAaotoRtRl1e ehc4ttr tawnl8saorh7aeiKalOI. ½siocaf deiceekc NdtlwhEsrT mis reiidepse naGEnns ssae m p TeEcEwrieuDeeerrsais odt hpw aAeysa.s eraildallson o w bell14y87½ cm in gubA41rMnetu6a0rdhsly s oeihceAin-tTddnrmsibr St un hgSOaldpaPgaUeisliKieauonisc nlarctt kP lmPg eSEoonyrl f ri .oE u p t Dono:Ealpfetn oaRfoPs if .alg dnros iritysSr:AssrerBpgseh ie r PHroot du loseeot sitlsuttPeisafn wotasiIsta ptcitsw Aci.ahNrlnr t t l iaIoapisreiaduRtnInn lefbcse niam NiitdelasrilRAnesaaRdroos nn btswGcbgiourannOo ecipke arbnvesgsiatii reeptEtTneimPieea-r.rrcheit lrb dAtAaddaflind aoPaayoe als liutsisSslRk y srlao Prea em e iTanoa lnfdaRtsFrln fbycEat b:e iOg. ci, ejP iR fiibeerrt,sTcd rh rsNfic o tirihustsaoa alaRdsvmnas cb-ande Otil wr dxudAauiiSeisaahuplm .beeEi ppstAldtlieeeLuru r 13tpamLEcps2y0laha.iAa pir caerngirm tec teoskoa tsl s . 131/4 m ft AnHodYToBiAhtrsoohi Catsf ly htni:IsvhnR rdmPNieec aAEsw haaT.aif trlDturIiel:aHMtt lis naPdmds - r ceh lFs sAMuiasidiymfdRctcbe aCtrbaa raAOacuwteyAolcirlbC gnN iaWhp idetffioAsaTohna bffrWepc yiaEiecnktuscpyse25aDuiiMlteantn52aarsf rlB ttl––glrila rrioco.p2oo6cLoatsw3maa0ntleUs½ tws dcc smnE w shpiAfn oe-eai r:rMtsAcr aPth.ei 38h eN Os Aas54lesiaptr, rnDciC rtanantmegar rhA- ceasSoYi,iWes.uf d ll EAbynotawL ienamfregLodea- OtrtbcahiolWciuemlaeer. e deads n dl ong,28 0–re–1d02 t5ipan coi mlwehrfenaLeuSanoxlivC dkitbsyee Aiy pwponl b,olffaa hRd itfltltbA:liosmchl tolLP hr eaeffcCa sE ocrrffkwik oa.rr tT imm i cmutBnftbi eahiaabfbgrMara tce lraSl cce.ltauib i ziah.aadgIteAn iiwthkeoMhra leswr.eCdites ssn r73e ri ,ysnAh1 a9gx Betgo–na –liWhnslncLs3sgo8oi uo pA5seUh9afwt e i a mcsnmcEb m ioie-etAsFsmat mtBfRolbsySc:a Lp feOc o.cPgrz ArUoafAuorso N rm oecimrnrmErtefesTeomtPa -nnealaitC EiaHn t roscaofpltr,oi Dainin ecoaa:dEvstr salurpPthi eag-tA.nPraese seeiioo s vinA aDRlmt tgafoss t sfriRtmwtEea,ocoeh ncatrDRlraueiah esnldtp JtnlOs iAo arPs ntA dp m u e“13ooTAB amNf5u8arfroo R tzAsicpriArlDnhonmoirerr RvenietfaaAs13-aia dttmOat:2i029si Ys sio.Ptn 4½ ic naeTmnAgsm–cgr –ai2atni a 1nP8wti 1 sBa ajcA sicanarmo”ni atRn P pgdcSfllzdyoaecapiaea41wiAn rnauraulrev23/4aga.hg rrur ne–yrrSKPinrSieeoo–tsrrsa1dteT Ao s t etoa5E4oesf i l sm.ila½ntnp ennCecAEn ; scC y Vtaem ge owmTeiIsetaFcon a nI-dFiriaeof viarrfeNle nIrisireyw:zs:n betC gp Cs P oePgiN bii musts ntsrbEsePli hiesnraaibnata NtwA e ntlcy enetElegaodi eax TRgcndcGAue crtouri. gilmiiRiud Pneedfnla T caiadesgdAOacSnhtoezni eottieponniRT i.srs41Aoan rgs V 6nLo0Rnaaseim p i n igir.cEppnnO vemdreT yTcaaecr TgrhePmidicernmie soas btr ynt. yus . BIRDS • PARROTS AND COCKATOOS463
Unlike other macaws, this giant Brazilian have extensive splashes
behavior, and reproductive habits. puanldee rgpraayrt s epyaer-rroitn hga—s Aistrisam tfiainlcagiraa ltp opa arttahckahet eroetfsd .tuhcee dre tlaot eand of golden coloration.
10 in
6 in 6½–7 in 25 cm
15 cm 17–18 cm
SPECIES CATALOG 1474½–4–61 8c min 1219½ cm in red belly
Pictorial galleries profile some 5,000
MAROON-BELLIED
spspfeeecaciteiues,sr esahsr oeow fp eilnaacgceh td ho teno edg.ie sCtthilonescre tflioyvr er uevlsiasetufeuadll red tail acthcAois m nhapitgli iPhvGssehlyiR etfo dit:fAna PAmtcYesuflii rtlmsPii tgceAaieacrcnniR.i tdt Thr RasahaepiOicnesu fcThosiearsse slitess da, nt o LostvphmeeaYbotci EisArletidLgvs ps eaLb a apLOuifrrnoi:rOeW l roPsd nsVmtssms-i iE,sataC a t ltBpnllaOh leecfl IiArssiLRodst fTcLo—arDknaeAicsnaa.aRz t nUdauE nospnmDialairnke r deo ts ThwihhosA aaosgbbodRaiictltLfpaOuiaa:noOta lSPsrdl VllnYs oyoaiiEf vt-nsg teF SBdaarb.At WocIsihsrieRCdeed.m riaE DAcsfei rDodfnorleel imsc iaesar rd tr y paTrhroe tlBsa rfRrgoOemsWtP oAoNfi13f cra45-fei ––cNg:p1 3arPh4E7,os a½ tucCilthmp uitKin asso cEbfri oidDmrbad aueP iosnAtcluycRsu gRrrseO iennT -fogrreayst s ABtu UtPnhaRnitCsea yRcglsaooO nilnonfoWin a:le iniPaaIs rselrN ituebthGltsra aebtp cePiaavidndAetekaa rRoesg .fno AImentsK uaftoscsE raiEmwn Tss , YNEaestsLpicvfeLaeBecpO rritPeaefooWdlsA:t c poPhcR-egosaanCepivgAttreueHtri Kbalaseac iElstr cEitSiVddhoaE.sai bnRA TrelosiiOm frsi hinteNeh r diEisc Da, TtthMhsMeteimsi Ocy ockpinoNo fenllpry:oKe as Pnspit tstieaPa,it r taSlAo tr.b fao mRtArctee ioAmntdeno daeKa aeebr clrEiuahc rifEaulrgd Tosie sm a RPeplymaarPrtsorayi hmvtPrrfuheorA:rishion asP Runo espsf nripoA aattAerrt Ksra acfraprkcieetoElieidadsnneEs ,afgtt hTrsesaaeou ,lhs mci masohv f o e s t
comparison, while essential data its exploitation in the bird trade. structure in a tree cavity. watering holes. from Gambia to the Cape of Good Hope. faithful pair-bonds, unlike most birds. warmer parts of the US. communal structure. eastern S. America.
highlights unique and interesting
aspects of each organism.
UUSS__000088--000099__CCHH11__aabboouutt__tthhiiss__bbooookk..iinndddd 88 2255//0033//2211 22::3388 PPMM
A B O U T T H I S B O O K DATA
data sets display key size 4½–9½ ft (1.4–2.9 m)
MEASUREMENTS
details at a glance, habitat Forests, swamps, scrub thickets,
such as size, habitat, savanna, and rocky landscapes
distribution, and diet distribution India to China, Siberia, the Malay The approximate sizes of the organisms in this book are given in
The Natural History Book begins with a general introduction to life on
peninsula, and Sumatra data sets and size boxes. Below is a list of the dimensions used:
Earth: the geological foundations of life, the evolution of life forms, and how diet Mainly hoofed animals, such as deer and
for easy reference, visual
pigs; may also catch smaller mammals and birds MICROSCOPIC LIFE
organisms are classified. The next five chapters form an extensive, accessible contents panels list the FEATURE PROFILE Length
subgroups within each section, Zooming in on single specimens,
catalog of specimens—from minerals to mammals—interspersed with and the page number where
feature profiles use close-up PLANTS
each subgroup can be found
fact-filled introductions to each group and in-depth feature profiles. photographs to provide in-depth each feature includes a side Maximum height above ground, except for:
portraits of some of the world’s profile of the animal, plant, or fungus Height above water rushes
most spectacular species. Spread aquatic plants
SECTION INTRODUCTION FUNGI
Each chapter is divided into sections Width (of widest part), except for:
classitofihnce a ectauicorhnre inbnott xrteoasdx duonicstopimolaniyc, rePCOpHLRrAtYDedhSsLETeeSeUR finhcMStneh ie nas regtahc mcteti oeagjrnroio sriutn tiptcare,sx ov aoadonnnulduodc tm dtbiioCioeiscnHhncR Ouag oEhvrsRvPisioeTgDoeurhIrAsL ps lTtIti iiAAgt4hnmhhegateisrst.. 37ANIMALS • REPTILES4 RReaRswwkiesciSCOFPtnepiAPhHsLR tdE wptMAoYkDoCiSeiLlIeEIttScreLUtEhR aiI Sh MitsSErlo Ei caSnve ea ae tasrlrnneel admsapgd sapreoPri inemewc gaoe ptapi(ifamrtc t oschhetoThoese aclbhsptCd obitvHnohhRe-ieOi Ectt.lbR iPak1,ayTDse1l eIIAn,ttdL0orTe59I isoAAd024roc f ayadLn teeedTtnaaagaossbepcMalaaedniokhdslxrnnnrncrraoffz hl oeuio)oaaoscv ddddhatd n,ehk EcnAHntrt urs i lfiio veachbobasaiyddoy anpfiilrnbocu2neemiedsline sumostr rtgosisittr9r l ri dtsnesdyr qde avp olitve5attdinaia ddmn hasuitpbohnabt ie ouelnS.v rsd maenavt tm iebfis errpm etoDsitm inesr hieyblshbpo sdmtisnes,es, ra l aenuseeautasa c aer aptlvtiatitro uei atr isnonn ssltaoih,hauqole ekneidorhuiodtl dnneettusnsl csserraaeianel e,ia a gseoaeaitsirr ffotm6eysn,xqunnou tl,rer sns ve ebt6fui ir ua yorsat dao-chas.ortatcuseh —rt spds tee rmrseeh lnae,ttc Aies vdi nmca scr ser tce orheMery doaiicoteahhmusxamnllemepda lesmx ydtlagtera apaies ices hsovttnheooavpmdthf n.st riiye yrarhapc a.anionio nTdac oeloonp rlv rtyT ztrreaeecehe ugeyemstielse outtsvetvlea ahpuras eu eea b iif.oortwutr coeotacsl g obdsnaoyalaBlmlfilryr efnfuvtvt mcltihdpbEo ssoueE rsmu ie etraoa y obui oerste pa udacdalarrr l nl—cvatoaplrngtrnatihe e l ,teimn—etliihttoaolddgd s diecinhnlymrhtbetlm.yl d ssbsmeh ir tpsitp ..i..ct auozpv saoh p ebdoe lhRtsFsW aas neeriet a,lhoms oiiearr euitsrnelps nsnsmalfldowiniaas ip eu.rodo tgptmp storiscmets Lcusaehi us ,ekeei onafedh anrosiislr oasros izusen ua f au erllntmsigar ooalt ttloe ar,fcops emayrerseo unsr dhbrmoieddkd asr,edng sys cucsecs e d.a ,ib a tp hse l al,yss yis in l . rBdhsaqmaiyveud epta prhdhmsteiiivs afiMbietelreadegese.—sen o dTiazg utttlascalenoirniraouuzrlmisztcra—lalorrao 333334lpaerEyikttdthscg99788 rur0 aoseaolaoaiap6d3,443nssn,ep ript4 ds,bsdsrs nseaoaeia eacanlapsrrerkedtneonseis dlclsde ai.,oasat daenhnnrial ddsitda h nes fisonuuf drrprreroypeu eyenn aoddrrise n dncgaatslnn yf g ostewror issvoceualn nd s TPTcanjoaatsfttuoeihhrnlafanhmnra eteitySaseg sc ugitfo fi,r lhelbhbo rel esItaminayuu eitshnrbnlo r ln egasgooksputgriuGtuedhe lao sfau neteentopis,u . nisitshhrn Istregg,peAwc n g edteocw earae ndeff mlh.atrr nenofttE sr ooih numeAiemtardi ton rsh voexlt rua6d llltr eeumgrie l-tyawu6k tch asgeiraR stas i0ulo pt anprohattsliob sugol od l e stetrbtuydswgwr psui oe—se lptgsr rfi a(ri fdnetaea s3ntrrvoirtirr rcehn og0ommii fssgevekgemu 0l yo3a olsaial s intkl r3ltvnnr pte hggse ihmdof rkne ) mtieewo a,d riao d(lflssbatgil1oyr avsrytueiw0 nt.ohile ,todi ew mpexat wr,udytU i pet )bccea.ehwhcpi a nahilxsgIoioCugisnltlnpeiW uhnclin p t soueksx wi Tgeit ih teabge vprlhoHphesi h ssapeatnsl et c tl aintmfrI t ntorhtnvpd oRT heplaatoir l esElotrtaOootalio i i iwoml mcbdvcc UwEnpkaee aiaicA cnratsr nNyaoes oyktgien ,Ramisvn sD cnodr wtii ra gt dhmbf Fmo lch nPeerw euoLusoi aioaUlergnnhnslAicv xhtetdimidhePstcrct S.m,eap a aeIo elHTn tuctliLstaeigligtphphegron heei tnoeentiltroyrrssstt... tthddmdshhieiiaazeiesecm berttMk iream ta4tnMilsaa½dba,lt y asusp– i aapnit9vgFneli½asyodno;n r ih mbfnnentoisas raot(,udyI 1sfaln,e s.a an4dds,ld w–si aaa o2nra n to.dmc9iocm a SpmktCucasy)h,hlm sli s,asnca nmstarudr,ua casSbl hcli ea barpes er sia , MAMMALS • CARNIVORES593 HIAHhaDcDNunydeeiidpeVaaruii mEgghmmoliyotRhhddee n,bttTr ett op eoeEsmssi,nrrBdpt ,kit eno a yR-desknlh lunAxh glecesaoeTcaoainrslrElrf,nt,uu age f,Sfrl rddste,de h aiboshnt,lhgyhu gew deesx rar tscob itnseipeudtkprta,ih tt nrjo fieosfenrolr,le n,yrsc :fie“ o cismgehohcrmhta-iolrn”in boh bdhyeeydddrrmo rhaisdy, ,df ertaoalmtlh eedr usa,
hieragrrcohuyp— unthdee rl edvieslc uosfs itohne FAMILIES 92 Trperhpoertoe scdhtusec tlehl eoe udet m eogbf rgwy oaa tlfleorrow. Tmsh rdee epohtuyitldeersra ttloaioy enr. artsopannredtcg oaieeis s sope fasr r eoaeytr .hoe Me perpox aoscntrl utiamusrinevai elscslta.yi rcA nh o iefvmerobwnriev ilvsoa,orr rfegeesees, . dlbiizunatgr mdosna anany wd ide DWiianmgseptearn o fb umtteerdfluiess aa n jde lmlyfiotshhs
is highlighted SPECIES 11,050 bSstoohroeec mpiihRrare leepa. sp srAspvreioenlftiecdghoriu oearrcsueg tdaga ivihr anbee sso n tlbsud oeadyglh i wgtt aaievssarmhiruyom prawr ne crvrdhaoae nictirn uvkebar,aae cets t h cliiosoevt yemrh eecwparalchsneh ex abenr,d ee wc vbohieytoirgh lbyh, m aolaysncak tclieienvs ge . Ftcoao rruaSen rtTtar ialsAgoccsletniaeBarwgdl’ss c A psalrNnieciyDen. e tB hStlreLaoedIuteChg- eEhdd etglhieevd em rc hetheatee k wk tiiletlheidnt eehgwa csbcelaiat.lwele d LLeennggtthh ooff schoelolln my o bllurysokzso, asnhselled gastropods
Crtuarirsotelcedso w mdeiallln eoasffg ec t ahonen l gywr aoa uslpnkrd aw,w wiltihhne gtrh egeaaisirt .body aAmticanhcsrldo oettfihenscRovtpoo eo eleucdaldpynyagi.t lssd hdiieT ale eeessnnhgf osetstgi mh ns asga,edr eini evainm dne ls oe q gaaspxnun eltaepgal erfu lm-rreownferneiadpititettteetaoedhidrlsrli ge ncihgber agfaiosyerv b u feraehirt nnt ofuibadodlmmitir rz nc lt etaooebhswnussi rttstsor.tho, t fhAe opioln, iro lrfvgal e l melt lrmtfu heehyotpeamoorilitouueerian ,l ngely se,whgkse s ,aai.hsa nniroronsd em .o re lttionhhn erao gtlu imwggheohrsi tdst keoteno rftsseae ea llu l dlniotadswr ekw r ngaeryos swth rulanToar xhngfaeeeds n ttfk e,it nsgeloieeotn Fra,tcg phOwkhl ee alhpR ,asg rird cErlegoehoyeLan u adaIdgnlslM ildy losle t awswgaBrwsn giS itceiatph e ntae sdoas,. FSIpSrHeEaSd, oAfM tePnHtIaBcIAleNsS ,o cAtNopDu sReEsPTILES
climate change, threatens the survival of many species. nonslip pad
controversiedase rbaiansitdne gtba ofxrxooenms o tmnaeciwkc l ded iisssccciuoesvnseitroiifinecss Rrtheegep umltaiotlere nbsi onmdgy os utdenim ftyop eatrhbaestoiurrr bbe .e hTheahavetiy oe rbn aetsorkg yi.n fliTppheer gs raenedn a t uflratttleeS nmEedaAy s hTaepUlpl,e RiasT rw LperElli m aIdNitaip vIteTe dbS ut Eot, LiwtEsi tMahq uEeaffiNticcT ileifnet. Awpaswuawhg3usrlur,s oh9ii eufiontntlKb id0vhh-aeettad.lr0eei exI ldlbyaI d y lLtttelynop reiio,Lbsaldgpge fd rlrtteeemsElma hee urrebinRddees npdolm gra l es,s yivetec Itenrote h k Nreba icvtgecg anro oese acerew t Ssatpeiare r atnTfs mttxii tei p lhimnithdzvRwooerio a.inaonutsteIvorh cyu.flrPek set gTa ateiE bahgohnhdreSe nadee e n; n TpwdfTcTwuueaihhehlgwwrleeiPTeeyvg sn Ar Aelthc—ios idnltcg DnaI-h thewbjLgfouaraDoe .v sst tuEuaetiTaEhrnr s NiaehfiiD elgon b esviD pfgso p e iPc a vwtr tawlt Aeeyatnohy wpo Wtdewi i hcos scath he riaoahd elrgcanel neylrbr i fite oamnwhh fuloetaebinthlntiid rdh nici n.dsfeg r . rtuoahsnweet .n ABAIddRuuDllttS bbooddyy lleennggtthh ffrroomm hbeilla tdo ttoa itlail
a male of a female of MAMMALS
the species the species Adult body length, excluding tail, except for:
Wrsahuera38epcREPTILES • LIZARDSb4iGt htidhdtAoaLTllaAeahbSabsastsLCRffamiwmaw1stipneaooedephhnsr rn0foaeetiienr meyiillwsoon amedezseettetvgylesietu napseRvupflhh rsna htd pH iaceecslropoclitatapietlrrltmG irdgimiotnygig aeaIhhnaaenieere ffaizreTdsca(c xmgteeeu fiy.dqac, cCoedla3das tsathiesloo At ntTtAio galigejiuyi rsioo smr rehaartiscrfanoensgmsarndtnZlhdhs m bu traa eamrehp togdmssrpl rasflhGa e csOeso oatmnsflifoot)m , ,elelebainrmgtrvoMecin ic iaeo Ipnt miaryegrsprhgircg a a iarAgen n oryare gt caeahs enieeot,Aj o—er,aelgkieel noai lenl a dNhec anl cea blge ciii samteisg . de.onlttrftochnkAetE vadnlitiprhplTa e wer Meonshiclao nh i13ieayiIsseFcf peii. ecOore md zsnoual2i0s ttei r tuoSce neylUtlilintat to yH flLlr lriiecietfofreruPlambtzeton a eaedeclnar me d acr sebi lcMr l otttaIen,tddronnginyreaiy brrich .orrsfraatobNo CaeWgtoEe gc raetri dviage bwdRb iions sohtrdrf ruTnhawecfutnlacYerpicahtnni seo oaptiroiiheruvertsfsr sklg hn.se Oalgel a ocoreheyr.Cc itaia yornyvo- ac sa rtoncilst rmrTenm hlasmfd. duve HrnPihbeifo eay nace ehnriurunghv g Tb, hoawtaaumad la ms loyNAtcl eeu;ridoot trDtei rhhtloc ha.ra 4 miiarsvonhrsn eii Mr levcsrpse25ehaA,rrhprrbehieudehte re1g lo0e edsy pw enevzrao Eil oa st e i oES ics.slito eamcri iaaKvil ndto n hacwmysibotn,obnfiuLnitbTfs .rey o hrmaebveidiegs ittoa,Eotvgn r eoodnttsAihrrssI hmcsli Sa bces.sboOmn psaenabe , euaosae1u aeoehi.s l seoatMprnb , g fcrthNnrut2eputr i c atoossaetreuwel tu hd,roetteits ,i n1/2 reerh ec draNpima ht n wn .oc a esincfsdlacelr t don toio,aeaeri gMueht e ionahid eoicfiioiptcdyryfyr ew(te nstle,g f fod.i hgma la h1 pg n lssyh pteamaw htlbtsouore—r0 leh(ersnen hao l 1oaatrcme -n ea egastys –yesphsnglsy.ca teTd ll aepk 5i oe3 reo e sat umzlccnea ni f ,irirnn0scinaf ip nrzp csrntdmgyr e,aya c oehe d o o rb m hl)nname dsaf uRty ty)su to . 25 n26na icenm adloBEOrn—fTslamattvAhmsnusvsafoickE38.Txinega ieepahc¼nla AifeazncAg ahhtlmmacixxi eametrevtdasf tiihtalin Raisrsusincehy tcuueriras ionait aulsbch bmb dDoi Ral iaao nol,puaetenoclaiphiealsau llss.eiEau dufbss ow gaeDc len ts.dDa ssgoyoni,cDaap tiffmhli tut n Miielrdhorhpacr hraihoacs s ia.lnliePe.pg eltn sle gpmiilbthfefn ,slosMa gply o atYnSr ee sole wociwgllnphboem naorhmsg.Gtnooi ccmon ayx oizctauoliisaaThmtgModitna e-n Uea.t l d b afttth.rle sitsnuese h yrcr a hcMoleYuceetpTe oesvtp a dstrh e hhseh isvin-rpbcrseeeocllaesprh sieiarlCr epiincesetrmcdgiist,t ngzsnetleaa ein H aty ceeihhan teelatadmurcueeglifrna gi clsyieh tAeraldeoeifrs vdes bis n Caisteo eodaewl h gerresltetMm.elpeailendstwn sr iaadsnar uadn srs eatiia i“e uyitEvo aotnssk ooegt r tatnatd fxhre eLcewe.ftsite rnirohgeer orexax hentEnotUea toinrg piisu ilepndrOehmtu dThlr .iss gac insanhcrna rdblooett i Neoo gsiab eitbr rae auy t arla ptnfheelsiattmfi,hil ecse th.t t,rnrhcyge puKdkcfra o tcoeuoeewei ga tioTrraiaF. urhnmp vhnICMo.rnul inhseyompu”mhl nyIuA ian ith el edMouyde,fl itnssdoainyg sEsi nf adenshCFghinomvC grltam,ahr ahfengftmccDmMdisigui oeOsgedu t ieH rggtcHh te zeoPsi utvtbatroiaeaoisra,Iohainasevane nflacArdphsh.auhlcgeA TigAn nmdlm -trpiniasit yepIlscatdafthi eeeeleiiNsmtnoseEru hMi eoyspMteyetntpo. tgcaoouu n d eceyreo ei lRrgheitTsrtmM hmasoiea d arerl scan, rnaesElr purcEaloon e rr stfRH oev ifr,fhs, nra,aoilisiaLn—eLz ido aniri e nao tnalNuiantout er A— ryweE. ErtaadEli uosrihtddldl me nstegysi rno p RrrO nNi naO rau cd siasaei fedsndn vlh t a efrofcNnE p eNleii e r.lTiheisp nrst ld.setnrzA i eehr hc st agebNeosee eeiNrh ityen bfdt .c,es o lisP sr n a raiArs sti g b aleRrees e s tSstciC oan tTAOciEngrat lDSATcmt(tefBheftlthPCOFShrt iui.slhhrhhaNtczarh APovvaiaHuyoLRcAhhTamsoaaaobtaQLioemnEd ’mym MdAeaeodttYnitdsrDsf hSlusCE a ihLd cuderlrpeUeSil betamhirLe i nItiEantiIi hsndsltleeCS isrerrLcthUi-det Ei 26noVmRsza,Acenoca eoPods aaIoe 30HBSonatIiM y eoc dsrtn rn .EeiECeio1/2ny p MghauMpeNercam enn o,TcaSs dsaA Irmh sa eryredpl aii wi hirletaiLehrsiun(niCn ynarn A ts rAytnTMeodeLmt ie ,scha g esEsmel tdCv w ft oflrdae Io uLlclThlit gnr mthsao,oDiiuZgnltehJamEs i zoolHonTeuoeuooceoarsanUAarA)ieAaeae mu Loic s r s.i toesiffdiolnC lw wrAro.etberufRcC teM:SeEmnl de oui csgsrytmEoPstat Heo oothDMnssriusOKel ,h rrstaiIsaorA r rsntrtde aei .e.we scliSheepnVhnlaA ,f ismS eN l -adarIa Edaa)eS Ntalejcensest hJlOal rh,EealMmslro i i Ltt o dicris yuzth h tfen t ezmccu hipeoNmshga E phiravut, takhisltEaertdonarviir reiOtinhOrs hevfidn’ emescdose as arLdo oSteest sosiaa- as ru lskeNRsonsrliwaaEt bn Ceuqkik taips eosn. z ickl CSual O eegsnur.eDifsasf ,iasO .eQeocskH ns sh a m,r rbRla NsAot reef iUgafdEtmObzay w n o3172 Eaav vesdlk iat Acui2R8s0u0tliPRota ao evemil rcte M th senTiiDclcctii dr s 6avlnnnpebooermmeaadlIAA,.sse e gl sLf6ue bql ota TT dsai38 Is thyunlnAAA e87rh..ree ee . e CCodasTolwwnfrofoh hifoadnatttmiehggurhs -Hnoc onseGt bamuicrhadnag slenAif eilCislochaamlsd lIe—oRahumnntl Ob,ehmeslcn i Ddloe udSniRitpo nmatliigm sEyuenfreI o str AgaeNEEg Aenn nv Ngif nt ae ngLirhshlrn Ts aLi.Isaaleec miibSAZdMczc ai.Oatoo t,A-LisA raaldr s odltRilsT ndoainer ioiae u DssntWt. —trhoa.h eEfreIoecttee hwe srhr inlEbnseod12h eur06 al iA-tei cdicsegTnqmhhsr h aaiu ratanpiilm,levHyd sda a o o cnbtlf eeo idamenn bltct pooThhtAcrkrusra Lel41heo uut eni6o0yionhrsscdd is fcf nthn IA sem or tw.ltesc onhahcM aZw PBlhflkeeianna -sRiysar OswtmlltiuesleiheirgeIlnaUh noAsoo oclCu , netwigvasu tLzhagntKas wi st ann hlEeuehhafiwiLRrg eaziyrNigtf31dn shaE s aehlh ¼b sdGmi.lis rNemtiz ilmc ,pe Szidl fa DErnelAeta wropuaspg adRgrd nlsciPdeal ahe nlie’g r lf EgntSsilacSr eloycs ei codh sap zhr hm e, raia w dneflol r aAe tdoaaydshsntp s eiuoe asranlr ,. l er. ionCnisneo t cmlAhoteunusTCm FngAsgahhslflito fRnronlpUerlduaniiond aa emnIriits lugl StvimtcwalvLoibns,esneairTei ts neyL dsl,mgmirhssiae atsedR e.tEtutse mdt oohe39sloW berI DAiftubsi50itr vnn trpn saeaal tr wreaicLii h tgshniluaszolLcmselleclFpIt a a y pr lIwnbeauatCAlorle uiiZpesa nesdccuzfitse eErNedsadgcisah acAnd ei k leN nadrdrlml pi d osaoiwo.dnReWdmre r npaTorf aai c eoegohtknhkegDsawtgAdRree imoeean io ln easadaiaslndsTs nAre rtketa hsr eialaoe s igisl aEemPiddnn oLl urrenanb a R, o nrsv edfn w udieem.BgierA nuA td ra ni ArooiDt lEuerr dtlon41opdidff seAeRio 6u0dat82ous wbrmo ur gi0 wpl clRigrAnaatfvnehn macr s lnei P s-aDGi51dtmi oticrdpaee5hn– tTufh,iOaEs ii– y7u uninnn. cwthbaAtn1 isD41li s eNeshdiitoiT inr86 egt0aasc psSsgAt iid thchw ns.ihvcdsDIctnD neyu mteimIehaopAir ais, tsffisrnRnR meim i ttbtsswAlNinrhg. aircuAAmmcdaueyh uu tooblelWsGsG eeios levbr31 t atr nretniri¼e O ceO,a,mArg fg a eG,rocitotet h glnefNhNiTochhniretRtRencsdwNairm i si Enassns semh TEAwaeO ki eca RuTplntclohEiitsitiIeiinrn Rzstne T ztMHnhiAS rNbeNi ta shnauvNte c.Thsdrg Dro or eOaoc s B-ofiAildiaa h.dirlHndUgaosrS ilnt oo ROmAsao rpohe.lsomfhTs irocfrg res teu52lIa fre oaAeWfNhsprsoeltfieroRe00. socyhmr ft ,diik d dvriFartci b uYhocln scIc ntensiedsaesumgiaL Rl yozhP o .r v sseisr. eaDa tlrmonI lwtIottsEiiIooIxrrtmsznZyraegrtC d Eia racDan iolxrg sodeau aAllld rVeAty u f ulfusdy tsdai oerv pTsesnReCes IssoNw wec ii lnrip sLlnvmRasnhsedDi r.v ime z i nin MineifstTi EenlntaArrfdustyeaogtrehoaoE h sniloAfcdrgno,emldn,ir lil s nnsD wuaciiiuwmiS.sctge nl lubhpmsT ahuah.Rhehd lrui nettminiIniaaikc.cmAtsrsG tbes hhoeeMpsgsi.Gi ,e u U utd ri moTaasst ttaO f llhe Rhy e as s. Neoks a.A et 385 4466BIRDS • PARROTS AND COCKATOOSBIRDS • PARROTS AND COCKATOOS22 PPrrSSooee..ssttRRDD ssddhhooAAPPss oo iiEEeennmmmmbbrrrreeDDllAAoottyyeeaacc--ppffccrr kktt--wwrrtt::iiaaaa FFeehhcc yyrrwwPPiiRRAAllaalliiuuuuaaeessttnnssffffeettiissddNN tt ee 1313tt pp ffttRRaa1313wwhhdd55ppaa88 aaaa3333ccPPaacc–– ––aaccrrhhmmcc eeiinnccrr11AA44iirrnniieeOOmmdd66rr oopp22oo nnttooRR½½aa ttiioorrcc tteett eeeemm rrRRssrriiooxx TTnn,,aaiicc ttOOcc nniitt1313llhhssiioohhuu4466eetteeTTssSSiiee ssssiirrccsseenndd mm aall yy.. AANNDD CCOOCCiiAAttAAKKsshh uuTT aaeemmssggnn UUttssAArree NNrrooooeemmRRaauueeppeellttiibbnnQQeeooTTaahhffee nnpp,,ggUUee rr:: hhttrrwwaa PPOOhhooeeaaOOssoosseessmmttffnnAA ii ssIIwwPP ooeeaattoott bbaauuSSppttdd aaAAuuRRffOOPPaarrgg ssaaEErr iiaallttrrppiieett ttoorrTTnnaa ccnnIIeennrrqq rrsshheeuuoollppnniittPPrrrrNN pphhaaooyyuuddddeeooeeuuffllccddooaaSSlliiAAmmiitt o occssuuaabbii ppooCCnnrrss::ttcc ee aaNNhhiieebb cc aaiisseeuu PPooRRiiaassll,,iinnEEoo eeffaaiikk eess..iiddeerrnnffeessttrr llffll ssRReennrrssSS AAss iihhyyddxxtttt llPP ppfftteeRRooeessmm aahhiiaaSSppiirr ttOOffiissmmssnnaassttmmggffooeennrrllttaaii OO aarrrrPPeerraaeeffPP8282ttuubb ttiimmccttTTaaoollrr mmccaannttnnxxhhAA00 rrllii::ssSSiiiiAAlloomm aassaarr nnddtt1414aa oo ddll aaccPPccoossccEEtttt,,dd....RR66cc tt00aadd RRnnoo mm.. rr eessssgg TT uu––--ee––eelluuffiiIIrrddttnnAAaaoottooRRttRRll11ee eehhcc44ttttrr ttaawwnnll88ssaaoorrhhaa77eeiiKKaallOOII.. ½½ssiiooccaaff ddeeiicceeeekkcc NNddttllwwhhEEssrrTT iimmss rreeiiiiddeeppssee nnaaGGEEnnnnss ssssaaee mm pp TTeeEEccEEwwrriieeuuDDeeeeeerrrrssaaiiss ooddtt hhppww aaAAeeyyssaa..ss eerraaiillddaallllssoonn oo ww bbeellll1414yy8877½½ ccmm iinn gugubbAA1414rrMMnneettuu66aa00rrddhhssllyy ss ooeeiihhcceeAAiinn--ttTTddddnnrrmmssiibbrr SStt uunn hhggSSOOaallddppaaPPggaaUUeeiisslliiKKiieeaauuoonniisscc nnllaarrcctttt kkPP llmmPPgg eeSSEEoooonnyyrrll ff rrii ..ooEE uu pp tt DDoonnoo::EEaallppffeettnn ooaaRRffooPPss iiff ..aallgg ddnnrrooss iirriittyyssSSrr::AAssssrreerrBBppggsseehh iiee rr PPHHrroooott dduu lloosseeeeoott ssiittllssuuttttPPeeiissaaffnn wwoottaassiiIIssttaa ppttcciittssww AAccii..aahhNNrrllnnrr tt tt ll iiaaIIooaappiissrreeiiaadduuRRttnnIInnnn lleeffbbccssee nniiaamm NNiiiittddeellaassrriillRRAAnneessaaaaRRddrrooooss nnnn bbttsswwGGccbbggiioouurraannnnOOoo eecciippkkee aarrbbnnvveessggssiiaattiiii rreeeeppttEEttTTnneeiimmPPiieeeeaa--rr..rrrrcchheeiitt llrrbb ddAAttAAaaddddaafflliinndd aaooPPaaaayyooee aallss lliiuuttssiissSSssllRRkk yy ssrrllaaoo PPrreeaa eemm ee iiTTaannooaa llnnffddaaRRttssFFrrllnn ffbbyyccEEaatt bb::ee iiOOgg.. ccii,,e ejjPP iiRR fifiiibbeeeerrrrtt,,ssTTccdd rrhh rrssNNffiicc oo ttiirriihhuussttssaaooaa aallaaRRddssvvmmnnaass ccbb--aannddee OOttiill wwrr ddxxuuddAAaauuiiiiSSeeiissaaaahhuuppllmm ..bbeeeeEEii ppppssttAAllddttlliieeeeeeLLuurruu rr 1313ttppaammLLEEccppss22yy00llaahhaa..iiAAaa ppiirr ccaaeerrnnggiirrmm tteecc tteeoosskkooaa ttssll ss .. UU3131nn1/41/4 mmll iiffkktt AAee nnooHHootthhddYYTTeeooBBiiAAhhrrttrrss oooohhii mmCCaattssff llyy hhttnnii::IIssaavvhhnnRR rrddmmPPNNcciieeeecc aaaaAAEEssww hhaaaaTT..wwaaiiff ttrrllDDttuurrIIiieell::aaHHMMttsstt lliiss nnaaPPddmm,,ddss -- rr cceehh llFFsstt ssAAMMuuiiaassiiddiihhyymmffddRRccttccbbee aaCCiittrrbbaaaass rraaAAOOaaccuuww tteeyyAAoollggcciirrllbbCC ggnnNN ii iiaaWWhhpp iiaaddeettffiffiooAAssaannTToohhnnaa bbffffrrttWWeeppcc yyiiaaEEiiee ccnnkkttuuBBssccppyyssee2525aaDDuuiiiiMMllttrreeaannttnn5522aaaarrssffaa rrllBB ttttll––––ggllrriillaazz rrrriiooccoo..pp22oo6oo6ccLLiiooaattssww33llmmaaaa00nnttlleeUUssii½½ ttwwaass ddcccc ssnnmmnnEE ww sshhippiAA ffnn ooee--eeaaii rr::rrMMttssAAccrr aaPPtthh..eeii 3388hh eeNN OOss AAaass5544lleessiiaappttrr,, rrnnDDcciiCC rrttaannaannttmmeeggaarr rrhhAA-- cceeaassSSooYYii,,iiWWeess..uuff dd llll EEAAbbyynnoottaawwLL iieennaammffrreeggLLooddeeaa-- OOttrrttbbccaahhiioollWWcciiuueemmllaaeeeerr.. ee ddeeaaddss nn ddll oonngg,,8282 00––rree––11dd0022 tt55iippaann ccooii mmllwweehhrrffeennaaeLeLuuSSaannooxxlliivvCC ddkkiittbbssyyeeee AAiiyy ppwpowponnll bb,,oollffffaaaa hhRRdd iittflflttllttbbAA::lliioossmmcchhll ttoollLLPP hhrr eeaaeeffffccCCaa ssEE ooccrrrrffffkkwwiikk ooaa..rrrr ttTT iimmmm ii ccmmuuttBBnnffttbbii eeaahhiiaaaabfbbfbggrrMMaarraa ttccee llrraaSSll ccccee..llttaauuiibb ii zziiaahh..aaaaddggIItteeAAnn iiiiwwtthhkkeeooMMhhrraa lleesswwrr..eeCCddiitteess ssssnn rr3737ee rrii ,,yyssnnAAhh11 aa99ggxx BBeettggoo––nnaa ––lliiWWhhnnssllnnccLLss33ssggoo88ooii uuoo ppAA55sseeUUhh99aaffwwtt ee i i aa mmccssnnmmccEEbb mm iiooiiee--eettAAssFFssmmaatt mmttBBffRRoollbbssyySScc::aa LLpp ffeeOOcc oo..ccPPggrrzz AArrUUooaaffAAuuoorrssoo NN rrmm ooeecciimmrrnnrrmmEErrtteeffeessTTeeoommttPPaa --nnnneeaallaaiittCC EEiiaaHHnn tt rroossccaaooffppllttrr,,ooii DDaaiinniinn eeccooaaaa::ddEEvvssttrr ssaalluurrppPPtthhii eeaagg--ttAA..nnPPrraaeessee sseeeeiiiioooo ss vviinnAA aaDDRRllmmtt ttggaaffoossss tt ssffrriiRRttmmwwttEEeeaa,,ooccooeehh nnccaattrrDDRRllrraauueeiiaahh eessnnllddttpp JJttnnllOOss iiAAoo aarrPPss nnttAA ddpp mm uu ee““1313ooooTTAABBhh aammNNff55uu88aarrffrraaoooo RR ttzzAAssiiccvvpprriiAArrllDDnnhhoonnmmooiieerreerrrr RRvveennii eettffaaaaAAss1313--eeaaiiaa ddttttmmOOaatt::22ii00xx9292ssii YYss ssiioo..PPttnn 44½½tt iicc nnaaeeTTmmnnAAggeessmm––ccggrr ––aaiinn22aattnnii aa 11ssnnPP88wwttii 11 iissBBaa aavvjjccAA ssiiccaannaaeerrmmoo””nnii aa ttRRnn PP ppggddccSSssffllllzzddyyooppaaeeccaappiiaaeeaa4141wwiiAAnn rrnnaauurrllaauullrreevv223/43/4aaggaaaa..hhgg rrrruurr nnee––yyrrrrSSKKPPiinnrrssSSiieeeeoooo––ttssrrrrssaa11ddtthheeTT AAoo ss tt eettooaa55EE44ooeessffee ii ll ssmm..iillaa½½nnttnnpp eennnnCCeessccAAEEnn ;; ssccCC yy VVttaaeemm ggee oowwmmTTeeiiIIsseettaaFFccoonn aa nnII--ddFFiirriiaaeeooff vviiaarrrrffeeNNllee nnIIrriissiirreeyyww::zzssn::n bbeettCC ggpp CCss PP ooeePPggiiNN bbiiii mmuussttss nnttssrrbbEEsseePPllii hhiieessnnrraaaaiibbnnaattaa NNttwwAA ee nnttllccyy eenneettEElleeggaaooddii eeaaxx TTRRggccnnddccGGAAuuee ccrrttoouurrii.. ggiillmmiiiiRRiiuudd PPnneeeeddffnnllaa TT ccaaiiaaddeessggddAAOOaaccSSnnhhttooeezznnii eeoottttiieeppoonnnniiRRTT ii..ssrrss1414AAooaann rrggss VV 66nnLLoo00RRnnaaaasseeiimm pp ii nn iiggiirr..ccEEppppnnnnOO vveemmddrreeTT yyTTccaaaaeeccrr TTggrrhheePPmmiiddiicceerrnnmmiiee ssooaass bbttrr yynntt.. yyuuss .. BIRDS • PARROTS AND COCKATOOSBIRDS • PARROTS AND COCKATOOS446633 1320 icSshncisafanmosipaTap ci zrgescgmpe eAcohitV risvhemblome esiItoepsg nphaN’ xafrho a eezircb:rCtan es oogPefe tyamnglEidaseo nmiai n( Nmwtvi sm iientiegotsTla ee amytunbc a h lp iioP (sidneltacFulAd hdaasn)mr;iee, me Renn yiomlsnge a,scR set iimr s einOaionegtrm tThe ie fit) c PTdpoHTdeehReLrsdeeEci -AgbnrtEBBLSMNNNRRSMoianhbamiNSrrooaaaesinflcsuueooatruurrridpoagllag cdaalrrrttTnnst rlmooolii le dduuoe--l esddu wwww llssnm-hweaweeyys ttsIsglllha -diddeeyyyennecctCsuiphi ,,emmecaegnooccc hlemohbbapr pglnOoooamm uo trrioiiullnpmndenoonmcuueefNieigsl aagaemmceedddand ddla d loSannbeltplll yyfrraaatpa re rtrrc alehe,emk lee lm e,s e fp,ao hscllahhonrw uwtisbniS,nsg Hta, e spaRrye namUsBBCELORSUUUSdr,o rBbppeuuopppop wbeeo orrussrrrmeSuncveaiiioshhlnngggseostpwaoeyyd,,hhh.hntd ad, ,, letttt s Hyi-gciyr,,omsndntp eie toupgvavp,g,roer e ecieer,l,bbgblu acd nkinacapuokunnh e dlcuesrrssidtirmioonesyhnhni-nus mgogyfygbigotssuuirb r,nsal moa gtltesien.sg,
behavior, and reproductive habits. pupuaannllddeeee rrggpprraaaayyrrtt ss eeppyyaaeerr--rrrrooiittnn hhggaa——ss AAiissttrriissaamm ttffiiaaiinnllccaaggiirraaaa llttpp ooppaa aarrttttaahhcckkaahheett eerrooeettffssdd ..ttuuhhcceeee ddrree ttllaaoott eeaanndd ooff ggoollddeenn ccoolloorraattiioonn.. cycad or similar
1100 iinn
66 iinn 66½½––77 iinn 2255 ccmm
1155 ccmm 1177––1188 ccmm
ABBREVIATIONS
SPECIES CATALOG 14147744½½––44––6611 88cc mmiinn 12121199½½ ccmm iinn rreedd bbeellllyy
Pictorial galleries profile some 5,000
MMAARROOOONN--BBEELLLLIIEEDD sp.: species (used where species name is unknown)
spspfeeecaciteicueso,sr m esahsrp oeoaw frp ieilsnaaocgcneh t,d how tenoh edgi.lie esCtt heilonessscree tflnioyvtr eir a uevll siadsetuafeutadall rreedd ttaaiill aaccttiihhccttAAooiissss mmee nnhhxxaappiittppggllii iiPPllhhvvGGssoosseehhlliiyyiiRR tteettffoo aaddiitt::ffAAttnnaa iiPPAAmmttooccYYeessuunnfflliiii rrttllmm ssPPiiiiii ttggnncceeAAaaiieeaa ccrrccttnnnniiRR..iihh ttddtt TThheerr RRaassaa hhaaeebbppiiOOiiccnniieessuurr ffccTTddhhoossii eeaarrttsssseerr ssaalliitteessddss ddeeaa,, ..nntt oo LLoossttvvpphhmmeeeeaaYYbbssoottccttii EEiissAArrllrreettiiddLLuuggvvss ppss cceeaaLLbb aatt aappLLOOuuiiffuurrrrnnooii::rrOOrreeWW ll rrooeePPssdd nnssVVmmtt ssssmmiiss--ii iinnEE,,ssaattaaCC aa tt llttaaBBppnnllllaaOOhh lleeeeccttflfl IIiiAArrrrssssiiLLRRooddsseett ffTTccLLoo——eeaarrDDkknnaa eeAAiiccccssnnaaaaaa..aaRRzz tt vvnnUUddaauuiiEE nnoottssppnnyymmDDiiaallaa..iirrnnkkee rr ddeeoo ttss TThhwwiihhhhoossAA aaaaoossggbbbbooddRRaaiiiiwwccttllttLLffppaaOOuuiiaaaaaa::nnooOOttaatt llSSPPssrrddllee VVllllnnYYss rrooyyooaaiiiiiiEEff vvtt--nnnnssgg tteeFF SSBBddggaaaarrbb..AAtt WWooccIIssiihhhhssrriieeRRCCooddeeeedd..mm llrriiaaEE DDAAeeccssffeeiiss rrDDooddffnn..oorrlleeeell iimmsscc iiaaeessaarr rrdd ttrr yy ppaaTTrrffhhrrrrooeeoo ttmmllBBssaa rrffRRGGrrggooOOeeaammssmmWWttPP bbooAAooiiNNffiiaa1313ff ccrraa 4455--fftteeii ––––ooccNNgg::pp11 33aa rrPPhhtt44EE77,,oohhss aa½½ ttuuccCCiieelltthhmmpp uu iittKKiiCCnn aassssoo ccaaEEbbffrrppii ooiiddDDmmeerrbbaadd aauuooeePP iiooffssnnAA ttccGGlluuyyccRRssoouu ggooRRrrrrssddeeOO iieeHHnnnnTT oo--ffooggpprrrreeeeaa..yysstt ss ffaaiittAABBtthhuu UUffttPPuunnhhaallRRnniittCC ssppeeaa yyRRccggllaassaaooooiiOO rrnniillnn--oonnffooWWiibbnn aa::lleeoo iinniiPPaaaaIInnss rrsseellrrNNdd iittuueebbttsshhGGllttssrr,,aa aaeebbuuttpp cceePPiiaannaavviiddnnddAAlleetteeiikkaaaa kkrrRRooeessgg ee..ffnnoo AAIImmmmeennttssKK uuooaaffttoossccssssEE rrttaaii EEmmwwnnbb TTiissss rr,, dd ss.. YYNNEEaaeewwssttssLLppiiaaccvvffeeLLrraaeeBBeeccmmppOO rrrriittPPeeaaeeffooooeeWWddllssAA::tt rr cc ppooPP hhccRRpp--eeggoossaaaannCCaaeeppiivvggAAttrrttrreeuueeHHttrrttii KKbbaallssaasseeaa cc iiEEllssoottrr ccEEiittSSiiVVddddffhhooaaEE ..ssaaiitt bbnnRRAA TTrrhheelloossiiiieeOOmm ffrrssii hhiinnUUtteeNNeehh rr SSddiiEEiiss..cc DDaa,, TTtttthhMMhhssMMeettcceeiimmssiioo OOccyy ooccmmkkppiinnooNNoo ffeemmnnllllpprryy::ooKKee aass uuPPnnssppiitt nnttssttiieeaaPPaa,,itit aarr ttaaSSllAAooll ttrr ..bb ffaaooss mmRRttAArrttcctteeeerr iiooAAmmnnttdduueennoo ddaacceeKKaa aaeetteebbrr ccuullrrEEiiuuaahhcc rrrriiffEEaaeeuullrrggdd ..TToossiiee ssmm aa RRPPeeppllyymmaaaaeerrPPrrttssooaarraayyii hhssmmvvttPPrrrrffttuuhheeoorreeAA::rriisshhiioonnrr aassPP RRuunnnnoo eessppss ff nnrriippSSooAA aaaattttAAee..rrrrtt KKssrraa aaccffAArraapprrkkcciieeeettmmooEElliieeiiddaaddssnnnneeEEss ee,,aaffggtttt hhrrTTrrsseessaaaaeeiioouu cc,,llhhss mmcciiaa mmaassoohh..vv ff oo ee ss tt smhg:y :ha as: rpmdenicleliifisocsn goyfre aaavr imsty ai—ngeoraa lm, mineeraaslu’sr edde nosni ttyh eis Mmoeha’ss usrceadl eby
highlights unique and interesting comparing its weight to that of an equal volume of water
aspects of each organism.
UUSS__000088--000099__CCHH11__aabboouutt__tthhiiss__bbooookk..iinndddd 88 2255//0033//2211 22::3388 PPMM UUSS__000088--000099__CCHH11__aabboouutt__tthhiiss__bbooookk..iinndddd 99 1122//0044//2211 77::4488 PPMM
Living
Earth
UUSS__001100--001111__LLiivviinngg__EEaarrtthh__CCOO..iinndddd 1100 2255//0033//2211 22::3388 PPMM