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Natural food antimicrobial systems PDF

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Natural Food Antimicrobial Systems Edited by A.S. Naidu Director, Center for Antimicrobial Research Department of Food, Nutrition & Consumer Sciences California State Polytechnic University Pomona, California CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 00-Frontmatter 05/15/2001 2:09 PM Page 4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Naidu, A. S. Natural food antimicrobial systems / A. S. Naidu. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-2047-X (alk. paper) 1. Food—Microbiology. 2. Natural products. 3. Anti-infective agents. 4. Antibiosis. I. Title. QR115 N.33 2000 664′.001′579—dc21 00-036053 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quot- ed with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibil- ity for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval sys- tem, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the personal or internal use of specific clients, may be granted by CRC Press LLC, provided that $.50 per page photocopied is paid direct- ly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 0-8493-2047-X/00$0.00+$1.50. The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copy- ing. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com ©2000 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-8493-2047-X Library of Congress Card Number 00-036053 Printed in the United States of America 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper 00-Frontmatter 5/18/00 7:59 AM Page 5 PrePress1 prepress 1:wip:FinalApplicationFiles:NATURAL FOOD-REV. 4/00: Contents Contributors Preface Chapter 1 Overview A.S. Naidu SECTION-I LACTO-ANTIMICROBIALS Chapter 2 Lactoferrin A.S. Naidu Chapter 3 Lactoperoxidase A.S. Naidu Chapter 4 Lactoglobulins E.F. Bostwick, J. Steijns, and S. Braun Chapter 5 Lactolipids M.F. Lampe and C.E. Isaacs SECTION-II OVO-ANTIMICROBIALS Chapter 6 Lysozyme J.N. Losso, S. Nakai, and E.A. Charter Chapter 7 Ovotransferrin H.R. Ibrahim Chapter 8 Ovoglobulin IgY J.S. Sim, H.H. Sunwoo, and E.N. Lee ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 00-Frontmatter 5/18/00 7:59 AM Page 6 PrePress1 prepress 1:wip:FinalApplicationFiles:NATURAL FOOD-REV. 4/00: Chapter 9 Avidin Y. Mine SECTION-III PHYTO-ANTIMICROBIALS Chapter 10 Phyto-phenols P.M. Davidson and A.S. Naidu Chapter 11 Saponins W. A. Oleszek Chapter 12 Flavonoids A.S. Naidu, W.R. Bidlack, and A.T. Crecelius Chapter 13 Thiosulfinates B.B. Whitmore and A.S. Naidu Chapter 14 Catechins L.R. Juneja, T. Okubo, and P. Hung Chapter 15 Glucosinolates B.B. Whitmore and A.S. Naidu Chapter 16 Agar A.S. Naidu SECTION-IV BACTO-ANTIMICROBIALS Chapter 17 Probiotics A.S. Naidu and R.A. Clemens Chapter 18 Nisin L.V. Thomas, M.R. Clarkson, and J. Delves-Broughton Chapter 19 Pediocin B. Ray and K.W. Miller ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 00-Frontmatter 5/18/00 7:59 AM Page 7 PrePress1 prepress 1:wip:FinalApplicationFiles:NATURAL FOOD-REV. 4/00: Chapter 20 Reuterin M.G. El-Ziney, J.M. Debevere, and M. Jakobsen Chapter 21 Sakacins F. Leroy and L. De Vuyst SECTION-V ACID-ANTIMICROBIALS Chapter 22 Lactic acid J-C. Bogaert and A.S. Naidu Chapter 23 Sorbic acid J.N. Sofos Chapter 24 Acetic acid D.L. Marshall, L.N. Cotton, and F.A. Bal’a Chapter 25 Citric acid R.K. Sharma SECTION-VI MILIEU-ANTIMICROBIALS Chapter 26 Sodium chloride S. Ravishankar and V.K. Juneja Chapter 27 Polyphosphates A. Prakash Chapter 28 Chloro-cides N. Khanna and A.S. Naidu Chapter 29 Ozone K. Muthukumarappan, F. Halaweish, and A.S. Naidu Appendix (Symbols and Abbreviations) ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 00-Frontmatter 5/18/00 7:59 AM Page 8 PrePress1 prepress 1:wip:FinalApplicationFiles:NATURAL FOOD-REV. 4/00: About the Editor A.S. ‘Narain’Naidu is a medical microbiologist with more than 20 years of expe- rience in studying the structure-function relationship of antimicrobial agents. He is con- sidered a leading expert on protective and therapeutic applications of natural antimicro- bials. As a public health expert, he has served various agencies, including the World Health Organization, the Hungarian Ministry of Health, the Directorate of Medical and Health Services of the Government of India, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Dr. Naidu is currently the Director of the Center for Antimicrobial Research, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. Dr. Naidu received his Ph.D. in Microbiology from the Faculty of Medicine, Osmania University, India, in 1985. His research on staphylococcal enterotoxicosis, toxic shock syndrome and milk lactoferrin in Sweden during the mid-1980s has brought him international recognition. He has published over 50 peer-reviewed scientific papers and about 30 book chapters in this area. In 1997, he moved from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to Cal Poly Pomona, to create a new university research center. Dr. Naidu is principal investigator for a number of scientific projects in the areas of food safety, public health, medicine and dentistry. He also supervises a multi-disciplinary team of scientists and research students. ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 00-Frontmatter 5/18/00 7:59 AM Page 9 PrePress1 prepress 1:wip:FinalApplicationFiles:NATURAL FOOD-REV. 4/00: Contributors Bal’a, F.A. Department of Food Science and Technology, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9805, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA. Bidlack, W.R. College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA. Bogaert, J-C. Research and Development, n.v. Glactic s.a., 7760 Escanaffles, Belgium. Bostwick, E.F. Research and Development, GalaGen Inc., P.O. Box 64314, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55164, USA. Braun, S. Research and Development, DMVInternational Nutritionals, 1712 Deltown Plaza, Fraser, New York 13753, USA. Charter, E.A. Research and Development, Canadian Inovatech Inc., 31212 Peardonville Rd., Abbotsford, British Columbia V2T6K8, Canada. Clarkson, M.R. Research and Development, Aplin and Barrett Ltd., 15 North Street, Beaminster, Dorset DT8 3DZ, UK. Clemens, R.A. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA. Cotton, L.N. Department of Food Science and Technology, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9805, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA. Crecelius, A.T. Department of Food, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA. Davidson, P.M. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, Tennessee 37901, USA. Debevere, J.M. Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Coupure 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Delves-Broughton, J. Research and Development, Aplin and Barrett Ltd., 15 North Street, Beaminster, Dorset DT8 3DZ, UK. De Vuyst, L. Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, IMDO, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Belgium. El-Ziney, M.G. Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Satby, Alexandria University, 5-Aflatone St., Alexandria, Egypt. Halaweish, F. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA. Hung, P. Research and Development, Nutritional Foods Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, MIE 510-0825 Japan. ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 00-Frontmatter 5/18/00 7:59 AM Page 10 PrePress1 prepress 1:wip:FinalApplicationFiles:NATURAL FOOD-REV. 4/00 Ibrahim, H.R. Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan. Isaacs, C.E. Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA. Jakobsen, M. Department of Dairy and Food Science, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvaj 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark. Juneja, L.R. Research and Development, Nutritional Foods Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, MIE 510-0825 Japan. Juneja, V.K. Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Khanna, N. Research and Development, Bio-cide International, Inc., P.O. Box 722170, Norman, Oklahoma 73070, USA. Lampe, M.F. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356523, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. Lee, E.N. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada. Leroy, F. Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, IMDO, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Belgium. Losso, J.N. Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. Marshall, D.L. Department of Food Science and Technology, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9805, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA. Miller, K. W. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, P.O. Box 3354, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA. Mine, Y. Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. Muthukumarappan, K. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA. Naidu, A.S. Center for Antimicrobial Research, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA. Nakai, S. Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 6650 NWMarine Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia CV6T1Z4, Canada. Okubo, T. Research and Development, Nutritional Foods Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, MIE 510-0825 Japan. Oleszek, W. Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. Prakash, A. Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Chapman University, 333 North Glassell Street, Orange, California 92866, USA. ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 00-Frontmatter 5/18/00 7:59 AM Page 11 PrePress1 prepress 1:wip:FinalApplicationFiles:NATURAL FOOD-REV. 4/00 Ravishankar, S. National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Moffett Campus, 6502 S. Archer, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. Ray, B. Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, P.O. Box 3354, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA. Sharma, R.K. Department of Food Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA. Sim, J. S. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada. Sofos, J. Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. Steijns, J. Research and Development, DMVInternational, NCB-laan 80, 5460 BAVeghel, The Netherlands Sunwoo, H.H. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada. Thomas, L.V. Research and Development, Aplin and Barrett Ltd., 15 North Street, Beaminster, Dorset DT8 3DZ, UK. Whitmore, B.B. Department of Foods, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA. ©2000 by CRC Press LLC

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Consumer concerns play a critical role in dictating the direction of research and development in food protection. The rising demand for minimally processed foods, growing concerns about the use of synthetic preservatives, and suspected links between the overuse of antibiotics and multi-drug resistan
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