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natural enemies, natural allies - International Coffee Organization PDF

131 Pages·2002·0.74 MB·English
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NATURAL ENEMIES, NATURAL ALLIES - how scientists and coffee farmers forged new partnerships in the war against pests and low prices - Project Completion Report of the Integrated Management of Coffee Berry Borer Project, CFC/ICO/02 (1998-2002) A project funded by the Common Fund for Commodities, under the supervision of the International Coffee Organization, and executed on behalf of the above by CABI Commodities PS Baker, JAF Jackson, ST Murphy CABI Commodities www.cabi-commodities.org Egham TW20 9TY UK May 2002 CREDITS EEEEEDDDDDIIIIITTTTTOOOOORRRRRIIIIIAAAAALLLLL CCCCCOOOOOOOOOORRRRRDDDDDIIIIINNNNNAAAAATTTTTIIIIIOOOOONNNNN Héctor Fabio Ospina O. DDDDDEEEEESSSSSIIIIIGGGGGNNNNN AAAAANNNNNDDDDD LLLLLAAAAAYYYYYOOOOOUUUUUTTTTT Carmenza Bacca Ramírez PPPPPRRRRRIIIIINNNNNTTTTTEEEEEDDDDD BBBBBYYYYY FERIVA S.A. Cali, Colombia May 2002 The Commodities Press1 1A joint CABI Commodities-Cenicafé enterprise 2 3 † We dedicate this book to the memory of Kerry Muir (1933-2001), who liked to talk to farmers “A sine qua non for successful development is the presence of active, farmer controlled institutions.” “If we expect pastoral idylls then we will have to pay.” [Muir, 2000] CONTENTS 66666 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 77777 GLOSSARY 1111111111 FOREWORD 1111122222 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1111166666 CHAPTER 2 A BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT 3333300000 CHAPTER 3 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE COFFEE BERRY BORER 4444466666 CHAPTER 4 WORKING WITH SMALLHOLDER FARMERS 4 5 6666644444 CHAPTER 5 THE ECONOMICS OF CBB IPM 7777788888 CHAPTER 6 INSTITUTIONS 8888888888 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 9999988888 BIBLIOGRAPHY 111110000044444 APPENDIX 1 SUMMARY OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND IMPLEMENTATION 111111111166666 APPENDIX 2 COFFEE BERRY BORER COMPENDIUM ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Too many people have been involved in the long gestation and execution of this Project to acknowledge them all separately. So we warmly thank all our counterparts in the eight (including the US) participating countries for their unfailing sociality and solidarity; coffee culture lives on. But there is one person we especially salute: Caleb Dengu, Associate Project Manager at the Common Fund for Commodities. This is not a per- functory nod to the major Project donor, but a sincere appreciation of a genial and committed colleague. 6 7 GLOSSARY ACPC, Association of Coffee Produc- CBI, The Coffee Board of India. ing Countries. Cenicafé, Centro Nacional de Anacafé, Asociación Nacional del Café, Investigaciones del Café, the Colom- the Guatemalan coffee institute. bian coffee research institute, a division of the Federation of Colombian Coffee Anecafé, Asociación Nacional de Growers. Exportadores de Café, the coffee ex- porters association of Ecuador. CFC, Common Fund for Commodities is an intergovernmental financial insti- Biological control, using nature to tution, funding commodity develop- control pests. All organisms have preda- ment projects globally. The Agreement tors, but some manage to escape them establishing the Common Fund for by migrating. The coffee berry borer is Commodities was negotiated in the one of them, its co-evolved natural en- United Nations Conference on Trade emies stayed in Africa. This Project and Development (UNCTAD) in the helped them catch up with their prey. 1970s, concluded in 1980 and came into force in 1989. Currently the Common CAB International, CAB International is Fund has 104 Member Countries plus a not-for-profit treaty level intergovern- the European Community, the mental organisation with 41 member Organisation of African Unity/African countries including several major cof- Economic Community (OAU/AEC) and fee-producing countries. It consists of the Common Market for Eastern and two divisions CABI Bioscience and CABI Southern Africa (COMESA). Publishing. Its main goals involve the generation and brokering of scientific CIAL, Local Agricultural Research Com- knowledge for developing countries. mittee, a farmer participatory research validation committee. CABI Commodities, CABI Commodi- ties is an initiative of CABI Bioscience, CIAT, Centre for Agricultural Research and its mission is to promote profitable, in the Tropics, Cali, Colombia. healthy and environmentally safe com- modity production for resource-poor CIB, Coffee Industry Board of Jamaica. farmers through information, research and training. Cultural control, a broad term involv- CBB, coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus ing mostly manual control that includes hampei (Ferrari 1867)) a 2 mm long hand picking of infested berries. black scolytid beetle (related to wood- boring beetles) that is the most signifi- DFID, the Department For International cant pest of the world’s most impor- Development (UK Governmental body, tant tropical agricultural commodity. formerly known as the ODA). ECOSUR, El Colegio de la Frontera IPM, Integrated Pest Management, a Sur, Chiapas, Mexico. knowledge-intensive strategy for con- trolling pests where the farmer estimates FFS, farmer field school. current and future damage to his crop and picks from a range of techniques FPR, farmer participatory research. to optimise profit. The basic principal is that control measures should cost Gleaning, the term for cultural control less than the losses incurred by inac- used in India, chiefly for cleaning up af- tion. It requires knowledge of pest bi- ter the main harvest. ology, continual monitoring of the crop, the worth of control methods, simple ICO, The International Coffee Organi- maths and an understanding of com- zation (ICO) is an intergovernmental modity price dynamics. body whose members are coffee ex- porting and importing countries. Estab- Parasitoid, a specialised predator that lished in 1963 it administers the Inter- lays its eggs on or (as in the case of national Coffee Agreement from its Phymastichus coffea) in the insect. The Headquarters in London, and is com- egg hatches out and the larva kills its mitted to improving conditions in the host by consuming it. Parasitoids differ world coffee economy through interna- from parasites in that the former always tional co-operation, helping price equi- kill their host to complete their life-cycle. librium by developing demand for cof- PEA, Project Executing Agency (i.e. fee in emerging markets and through CABI Commodities). projects to reduce damage from pests and improve marketing and quality, en- PI, Participating Institution, these were hancing coffee growers’ long-term com- Anecafé, Cenicafé, CBI and Promecafé petitiveness and contributing to the (consisting of Anacafé, Ihcafé, CIB and fight against poverty. Ecosur). IHCAFE, Instituto Hondureño del Café. Promecafé, Programa Cooperativo Re- gional para el Desarrollo Technológico IICA, Instituto Interamericano de y Moderización de la Caficultura, a Cooperación para la Agricultura. Central American coffee technology network formed under the auspices of IICA. 8 9 10

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