Natural Antioxidants and Biocides from Wild Medicinal Plants This page intentionally left blank Natural Antioxidants and Biocides from Wild Medicinal Plants Edited by Carlos L. Céspedes Facultad de Ciencias Universidad del Bío-Bío Chile Diego A. Sampietro Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Argentina David S. Seigler Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois USA Mahendra Rai Department of Biotechnology Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University India CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Tel: +1 (0)617 395 4051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Natural antioxidants and biocides from wild medicinal plants / editors: Carlos L. Céspedes ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-78064-233-8 (hardcover) 1. Medicinal plants--Utilization. 2. Biological pest control agents. 3. Plant metabolites. 4. Antioxidants. 5. Botanical chemistry. I. Céspedes, Carlos L., 1957- QK99.A1N38 2013 615.3'21--dc23 2012040699 ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 233 8 Commissioning editor: Sreepat Jain Editorial assistant: Emma McCann Production editor: Lauren Povey Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India. Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY. Contents About the Editors vii Contributors ix Preface xiii PArt I. ovErvIEw AnD PErsPECtIvEs 1 Antioxidant and Biocidal Activities from natural sources: an overview 1 Carlos L. Céspedes 2 Antioxidants from vegetal sources: new research Avenues 11 Edgar Pastene 3 Proanthocyanidins in Cacao 35 David Seigler and Reinhard Lieberei 4 Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Bioactive Compounds in Food and Plant Determination 45 José Bastias, Claudia Fuentealba and Ociel Muñoz 5 Biocidal Metabolites from Endophytes that occur in Medicinal Plants 56 Mahendra Rai, Dnyaneshwar Rathod, Avinash Ingle, Peter Proksch and Kateryna Kon PArt II. AntIoxIDAnt ACtIvItIEs 6 Antioxidant Properties of singlet oxygen suppressors 65 Adjaci F. Uchoa, Divinomar Severino and Mauricio S. Baptista 7 Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Colombian Propolis 92 Jesús H. Gil-González, Diego L. Durango-Restrepo, Benjamín A. Rojano and Juan C. Marín-Loaiza 8 Chilean Plants as a source of Polyphenols 116 Carolina Fredes and Gloria Montenegro v vi Contents 9 Antioxidant Activity of Anacardic Acids 137 Noriyoshi Masuoka, Kuniyoshi Shimizu and Isao Kubo PArt III. BIoCIDAL ACtIvItIEs 10 Alkylresorcinols: Chemical Properties, Methods of Analysis and Potential Uses in Food, Industry and Plant Protection 148 Diego A. Sampietro, Maria M.E. Belizán, Giselle R. Apud, Julián H. Juarez, Marta A. Vattuone and César A.N. Catalán 11 Phytoecdysteroids and related sterols Isolated from Mexican Cacti: their Potential Use as natural Insecticides 167 Juan R. Salazar and Carlos L. Céspedes 12 Zuccagnia punctata Cav.: Phytochemistry, traditional Uses and Pharmacology 178 Marta A. Vattuone, José R. Soberón, Melina A. Sgariglia, Emma N. Quiroga and Diego A. Sampietro 13 Insecticidal Activity of a south American Plant: Hybanthus parviflorus (violaceae) 188 Adriana M. Broussalis, Sandra Clemente and Graciela E. Ferraro 14 natural Polymers and their Biological Activities 207 Luis Lillo, Julio Alarcón, Gerardo Cabello, Carlos L. Céspedes and Claudia Caro 15 Insect Growth regulatory, Moulting Disruption and Insecticidal Activity of Calceolaria talcana (Calceolariaceae: scrophulariaceae) and Condalia microphylla Cav. (rhamnaceae) 214 Carlos L. Céspedes, Evelyn Muñoz, Claudio Lamilla, Sofía Catalina Molina and Julio Alarcón 16 Anti-Salmonella Agents from the Brazilian Medicinal Plant Tanacetum balsamita and their Applications 239 Isao Kubo, Ken-ichi Fujita and Kuniyoshi Shimizu 17 Photoprotective Activity of some Mexican Plants 254 Ana M. García-Bores, Tzasná Hernández, Amira R. Arciniegas, José del Carmen Benítez, M. Rosario Gonzalez, Manuel López, Alfonso Romo de Vivar and José Guillermo Avila Index 267 About the Editors Dr Carlos L. Céspedes Dr Céspedes is Full Professor and Senior Researcher at the Basic Sciences Department, University of Bío-Bío (Chillán, Chile). He graduated from Pontificia Catholic University (Chile) as Teacher of Science (Chemistry mention) in 1982, then completed his Master of Science degree (1988) and PhD (1994) in Chemical Sciences at the University of Concepción (Chile). Following a postdoctoral position from 1996 to 1998 at the Chemistry Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), he remained at the university, working in natural products chemistry until 2006, investigating natural products, chemical interactions among plants and other organisms, and their applications. He has been invited for postdoctoral research stays in several universities including: the University of Urbana- Champaign, Illinois, by Prof. David Seigler; the University of California at Berkeley, by Prof. Isao Kubo; the University of Milan in Italy, by Prof. Daniele Passarella; the University of Cadiz in Spain, by Prof. Francisco A. Macias; and at the Chemistry Institute, University of Antioquia in Colombia, by Prof. Fernando Echeverri. Since 1990 he has been investigat- ing secondary metabolites involved in plant–plant and plant–insect interactions from Latin American plants belonging to the Agavaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Celastraceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Meliaceae and Zygophyllaceae families. He has co-published two books and participated as author/co-author on more than 82 scien- tific publications, including ten book chapters and more than 120 communications in international meetings. Dr Diego A. sampietro Dr Sampietro is Assistant Professor of Phytochemistry and Plant Biotechnology at the National University of Tucumán (Tucumán, Argentina). Having majored in Agronomy (1998) and completing a PhD on Allelopathy (2005) at the above university, he then com- pleted postdoctoral work at the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, (2008) and at the Northern Regional Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture in Peoria, Illinois (2010). He is currently Adjunct Researcher of the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) and Regional Editor of the Allelopathy Journal. His research focus has been the isolation, identification and characterization of secondary metabolites involved in the defence of wild and crop plants against noxious organisms, and molecular and ecophysiological characterization of toxigenic Fusarium species responsible for ear rot vii viii About the Editors diseases. He has participated as editor/co-author on several books, and has authored/ co-authored over 30 research papers in international journals and several book chapters. Dr David seigler Dr Seigler graduated from Southwestern Oklahoma State University (1961) where he majored in Chemistry. He earned his doctorate in Organic Chemistry in 1967 from the University of Oklahoma. He then completed postdoctoral work at the Northern Regional Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture in Peoria, Illinois, and at the University of Texas in Austin. Dr Seigler is currently an emeritus professor in the Department of Plant Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he has been since 1970. During that time, he has authored/co-authored over 160 publica- tions and has participated in several book projects. Seigler’s research focus has been on the role of plant compounds in biological problems, such as plant–insect, plant–fungal and plant–herbivore interactions. Much of his work has involved cyanide and tannins from plants, and research on Acacia and Passiflora species. He has conducted research in several Latin American countries and received the Fulbright-Hays Lecturing Research Grant to teach at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina. He has served as President of the Phytochemical Society of North America and the International Society of Chemical Ecology. In addition to his departmental work at the University of Illinois, Seigler serves as the Curator of the University of Illinois Herbarium (ILL), research associate with the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis, and Affiliate Professional Scientist with the Illinois Center for Economic Entomology. Dr Mahendra rai Dr Rai is Professor and Head of the Department of Biotechnology at SGB Amravati University in Amravati, India. He has published more than 200 research papers and 105 popular arti- cles in Indian and foreign journals. He has also published/edited 25 scientific books. Dr Rai is a member of several scientific societies, has been a national scholar for five years and has received several prestigious awards, including the Father T.A. Mathias award (1989) from the All India Association for Christian Higher Education and the Medini award (1999) from the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. He also received a SERC Visiting Fellowship by the Department of Science and Technology (1996); the INSA visit- ing fellowship by Indian National Science Academy (1998); TWAS-UNESCO Associateship (2002), Italy; and fellowships from the Hungarian Scholarship Board, Hungary (2005 and 2008). He has been a visiting scientist at: Dipartimento Di Colture Arboree, University of Turin, Italy (1999); Laboratory of Bioenergetics, University of Geneva, Switzerland (2004); Department of Crop Protection, Debrecen University, Hungary (2005-06, 2008); Department of Chemical Biology, University of Campinas under Indo-Brazil programme (2009, 2010, 2011); and Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun´, Poland (2012). He has 30 years of teach- ing and research experience. Contributors Julio Alarcón, Departamento Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello S/N, Chillán, Chile. Gisselle r. Apud, Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO). Facultad de Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán (4000), Tucumán, Argentina. Amira r. Arciniegas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. José Guillermo Avila, Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo. de Mexico, México. E-mail: [email protected] Mauricio s. Baptista, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Brazil. José Bastias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Food Engineering Department, Av. Andrés Bello s/n, Chillán, Chile. E-mail: [email protected] María M. E. Belizán, Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO). Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán (4000), Tucumán, Argentina. José del Carmen Benítez, Laboratorio 1, UMF, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Adriana M. Broussalis, Pharmacognosy, Chemistry and Metabolism of Drugs Institute (IQUIMEFA– CONICET), Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA). Junín 956 (1115) Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] Gerardo Cabello, Departamento Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello S/N, Chillán, Chile. Claudia Caro, Departamento Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello S/N, Chillán, Chile. César A. n. Catalán, Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA - CONICET). Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán (4000), Argentina. E-mail: [email protected]. edu.ar sofia Catalina Molina, Laboratorio de Fitoquimica Ecologica, Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Faculta de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello s/n, Casilla 447. Chillán, Chile. ix