NATO in the Post-Cold War Era: Does It Have a Future? PDF
Preview NATO in the Post-Cold War Era: Does It Have a Future?
IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA: Does It Have a Future? IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA: Does It Have a Future? EDITED BY s. Victor Papacosma and Mary Ann Heiss ~ MACMILLAN ISBN 978-1-349-60838-6 ISBN 978-1-349-60836-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-60836-2 <e S. Victor Papacosma and Mary Ann Heiss, 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 978-0-312-12130-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1995 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for thi from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 95 To Ruth V. Young CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgments ............................................ ix Abbreviations ......................................................... xi I. COntending Counterfactuals: Negative and Positive Assessments of a Europe without NATO ............................................. 1 1. NATO after Forty-Five Years: A Counterfactual History ................ 3 Lawrence S. Kaplan 2. NATO and the Soviet Bloc: The Limits of Victory .................... 23 Walter L. Hixson II. NATO's Structure and Strategy ........................................ 39 3. NATO's Structural Clianges for the 1990s .......................... 41 Robert S. jordan 4. NATO's Strategy: Past, Present, and Future ........................ 71 Steven L. Rearden III. NATO and Interlocking Institutions ................................... 93 5. NATO and the United Nations: Toward a Nonallergic Relationship ....... 95 Alan K. Henrikson 6. NATO and the CSCE: A New Russian Challenge .................... 113 Sean Kay 7. NATO and the European Union ................................ 135 Claude Carlier IV. NATO and Its Anglo-American Members .............................. 151 8. NATO ana the United States ................................... 153 Sean Kay 9. NATO and the "Special Relationship" ............................ 179 phil Williams and Gary Schailb, jT. V. NATO's Regional Challenges ......................................... 203 10. NATO and the Former Warsaw Pact States ........................ 205 Boleslaw A. Boczek 11. NATO andthe Balkans ....................................... 245 S. Victor Papacosma 12. NATO and the Middle East: The Primacy of National Interests ......... 279 Mary Ann Heiss 13. NATO and Scandinavia ....................................... 303 Eric S. Einhorn VI. Official Perspectives ............................................... 327 14. NATO after the January 1994 Summit: The View from Brussels ........ 329 Erika v. C. Bruce 15. Partnership for Peace and the Transformation of North Atlantic Security ... 339 joseph Kruzel Contributors ......................................................... 347 Index .............................................................. 351 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Over the past fifteen years, the Lyman L. Lemnitzer Center for NATO and European Community Studies at Kent State University has held many confer ences on various dimensions of NATO's prominent role and challenges during the Cold War. These conferences yielded published volumes that detailed NATO's success in performing its assigned mission of securing peace for its member-states and averting military confrontation between the superpowers. The center's April 1989 meeting, to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty, marked the end of an era. Within a relatively short period after this session, the Berlin Wall crumbled, the Soviet Union ceased to exist, and the Cold War came to an end. The dramatic changes that followed generated a serious identity crisis for NATO. Whereas the East-West conflict that characterized the Cold War essentially defined who would be fighting whom in a future conflict, the uncertain post-1989 years have introduced new and potentially calamitous variables. The lines between enemies are no longer so clear-cut as they were during the Cold War, and communism no longer looms as the major threat to peace and stability in Europe. Despite the facts that hardly a voice has been heard calling for NATO's dissolution and that states from the former Warsaw Pact are seeking membership, the alliance's members face the demanding task of redefining NATO's strategic challenges and formulating appropriate policies and responses for present and future crises. To wrestle with these new, post-Cold War realities, the Lemnitzer Center on 8-9 April 1994 convened the conference "NATO after Forty-five Years: Does It Have a Future?" from which the essays in this volume were drawn. The following articles combine to present a comprehensive investigation into NATO and its diverse problems, providing relevant historical background before analyzing recent conditions and projecting into the future. Two opening essays offer alternative assessments of NATO's accomplishments during the Cold War and are followed by others dealing with NATO's structural changes for the 1990s, NATO's shifting strategy, and NATO's developing connections with other international organizations, such as the United Nations, CSCE, and the European Union. The articles in the next two sections focus on NATO's association with the United States, the Anglo-American" special relationship," and the alliance's rela tionship with the former Warsaw Pact states, the Balkans, the Middle East, and x NATO IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA: DOES IT HAVE A FUTURE? Scandinavia. The two final contributions offer the perspectives of officials from NATO and the U.S. government on recent NATO initiatives, particularly the Partnership for Peace. The editors wish to express their special appreciation to the NATO Office of Information and Press for financially supporting the conference and to Karen Aguilar, U.S. liaison officer in that office, who with enthusiasm and creativity offered critical input for technical and other arrangements for the conference. Dr. Erika v.c. Bruce, then director of NATO's Office ofInformation and Press, and Dr. Joseph Kruzel, U.S. deputy assistant secretary of defense for NATO and European policy, took time out of their extremely busy schedules to present important papers during the conference. Panel chairs and discussants at the conference included Robert W. Clawson (Kent State University), James P. Cross (Heidelberg College), Leon Hurwitz (Cleveland State University), Chester T. Pach (Ohio University), Dennison Rusinow (University of Pittsburgh), and Frederick W. Schroath (Kent State University). Dr. Mark R. Rubin, director of Kent's Center for International and Comparative Programs (CICP) once again displayed his marvelous expertise in dealing with logistical matters and other conference arrangements-as well as his talent as a translator/interpreter for one of the conference submissions. Phyllis Dreyer, CICP and Lemnitzer Center administrative secretary, had to deal with the totality of conference details and always responded with efficiency and a smile. Sandy Baker, CICP's administrative assistant, skillfully tackled budgetary prob lems. Student assistants providing important services during the conference were Tom Davis, Lynette Johnson, Denise Schneider, and William Smith. A special debt of gratitude must be extended to two individuals. Dr. Lawrence S. Kaplan, director emeritus of the Lemnitzer Center, has maintained his dynamic involvement in the center's activities and contributed vitally from the first plan ning stages to the April 1994 conference's success. Now retired, Ruth V. Young, the Lemnitzer Center's administrative assistant for more than ten years, con tributed so much to the activities of the center and to those associated with it - through her management artistry, spirited personality, creative ideas, and unflagging optimism-that we greatly miss her but also appreciate and draw on the rich legacy that she bequeathed us. S. VICTOR PAPACOSMA MARY ANN HEISS ABBREVIATIONS ABM antiballistic missile (system) ACCHAN Allied Command Channel ACE Allied Command Europe AF Augmentation Force AFCENT Allied Forces Central Europe AFNORTH Allied Forces Northern Europe AFNORTHWEST Allied Forces North West Europe AlOC Anglo-Iranian Oil Company APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System BALTAP Baltic Approaches Command CEE Central and Eastern Europe CENTCOM Central Command CFE Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CJTF Combined Joint Task Forces COMNAVSOUTH Commander Allied Naval Forces Southern Europe COS chiefs of staff CPC Conflict Prevention Center CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe DPC Defense Planning Committee EC European Community EEC European Economic Community EFTA European Free Trade Association ESDI European Security and Defense Identity Eli European Union Eurocorps European Corps FCMA Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance FOFA follow-on-forces attack FSC Forum for Security Cooperation FSU Former Soviet Union FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GCHQ Government Communications Headquarters GDM Group of Defense Ministers GLCM ground-launched cruise missile HLG High Level Group xii NATO IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA: DOES IT HAVE A FUTURE? ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile (system) IMS International Military Staff JNA Yugoslav People's Army LRTNF long-range theater nuclear force MC Military Committee MDF main defense force MILREP Military Representative MLF multilateral force MNC Major NATO Commands MSC Major Subordinate Commands NAC North Atlantic Council NACC North Atlantic Cooperation Council NPG Nuclear Planning Group NPT Nonproliferation Treaty OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe PASOK Panhellenic Socialist Movement PERM REP Permanent Representative PFP Partnership for Peace PGM precision guided munitions PMSC Political Military Steering Committee PSC Principal Subordinate Command R&D research and development RF reaction forces SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander Europe SACLANT Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks SOl Strategic Defense Initiative SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe SIGINT signal intelligence SLBM submarine-launched ballistic missile SOFA status of forces agreements SSBN nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine TNF theater nuclear force TSG technical subgroup UKAIR United Kingdom Air Forces UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force WEU Western European Union
The list of books you might like
