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328 Pages·1998·18.809 MB·English
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NATO AND COLLECTIVE SECURITY Also by Michael Brenner MULTILA1ERALISM AND WES1ERN STRA1EGY (editor) NUCLEAR ENERGY AND NON-PROLIFERATION THE FUNCTIONALIST THEORY OF EUROPEAN IN1EGRATION THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF IN1ERNATIONAL MONETARY REFORM NATO and Collective Security Edited by Michael Brenner Professor ofI nternational Affairs University ofP ittsburgh USA First published in Great Britain 1998 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills. Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-26193-2 ISBN 978-1-349-26191-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-26191-8 First published in the United States of America 1998 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-21007-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data NATO and collective security I edited by Michael Brenner. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-21 007-6 (cloth) I. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 2. Security, International. I. Brenner, Michael J. JZ5930.N38 1997 355'.031 '091821-<lc21 97-28033 CIP Selection and editorial matter@ Michael Brenner 1998 Text@ Macmillan Press Ltd 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 978-0-333-71113-2 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 ()() 99 98 Contents Acknowledgements vi Notes on the Contributors vii Glossary ix 1 Introduction 1 Michael Brenner 2 Britain 6 Michael Clarke 3 France 39 Frederic Bozo 4 Germany 81 Michael Meimeth 5 Italy 116 Mario Zucconi 6 The United States 139 Michael Brenner 7 Strategic Outlook: Compatibilities and Incompatibilities 222 Hanns W Maull 8 Interface between NATO/WEU and UN/OSCE 249 Jean Klein 9 Reconciliation of Western Security Institutions 278 Mario Zucconi Conclusion 288 Michael Brenner Index 307 v Acknowledgements This study was financed with a grant from the Ford Foundation's Program on Peace and Security; There, Geoffrey Wiseman gave the project his critical, sympathetic attention. Supplementary assistance was provided by NATO's Office of Press and Information. In particular, Ms Karen Aguilar, the US liaison officer, offered the encouragement and support that enabled the research team to expand its working meetings. We wish to thank the Institut Francais des Relations Internationales (IFRI) for its hospitality in hosting two of the meetings. A special word of appreciation goes to Mme Cecille Hua-Lafevre who handled the practical arrangements. Mr T. M. Farmiloe and his staff at Macmillan were both responsive to the idea of publishing the project's results and the model of pro- fessionalism in bringing to fruition this transatlantic enterprise. A special word of appreciation goes to John M. Smith, Senior Book Editor, and Annabelle Buckley, Commissioning Editor. Burkart Holzner, Director of the University Center for International Studies at the University of Pittsburgh, helped expedite that process. My friend and colleague, Phil Williams, Director of the Ridgway Center for International Security Studies, was a source of valuable counsel and moral support throughout. The burden of preparing the manuscript for publication was handled with skill and unflagging patience by Ms Kendall Stanley, and most especially Ms Kathy Rud. The editor also had the dedicated help of two exceptionally able students at the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs: Matthew Dixon and Susan Masse. vi Notes on the Contributors Frederic Bozo is associate professor at the Universite Marne-la-Vallee where he teaches contemporary history and international relations. He is a senior research fellow at the Institut Fran~ais des Relations Internationales (IFRI) where his work focuses on European security issues and transatlantic relations. He is the author of La France et I'OTAN: De Ia Guerre Froide au Nouvel Ordre Europeen (1991); Deux Strategies pour /'Europe: De Gaulle, les Etats-Unis et /'Alliance Atlan tique 1958-1969 (1996); and La Politique Etrangere de Ia France depuis 1945 (1997). Michael Brenner is Professor of International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh. His writings on US foreign policy and European- American relations include recent articles in Foreign Policy, Inter national Affairs, Politique Etrangere, International Politik and Survival; and a monograph, Europa und de vereinigten Staaten: Amerikanische Sicherheitspolitik in den neuziger Jahren, with Phil Williams, for the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. He is author of Nuclear Energy and Non Proliferation (1981), The Political Economy of International Monetary Reform (1976), The Functionalist Theory of European Integration (1970), and editor of Multilateralism and Western Strategy (1994). Professor Brenner has held teaching and research positions at the Brookings Institution, Cornell University, Harvard University, and MIT. He has been a consultant to the US Department of Defense and the Foreign Service Institute. Michael Clarke is Professor of Defence Studies and Director of the Centre for Defence Studies at King's College in London. He is the author of British External Policy-making in the 1990s (1992), the editor of the Brassey's Defence Yearbook (1995), and writes numerous articles on British defence and security policy. Jean Klein is Professor of International Relations at the University of Paris-Sorbonne and Senior Fellow at the lnstitut Fran~s des Relations Internationales. From 1968 until 1979 he was a Research Fellow of the Centre National des Recherches Scientifiques (CNRS). He also has taught at l'Ecole Militaire (Saint Cyr) and l'Ecole Poly- technique. He is the author of /'Enterprise du Desarmement en Europe (1986), and Maitrise des Armements et Desarmement: Les Accords Conclus depuis 1945 (1991). vii viii Notes on the Contributors Banns W. Maull holds the Chair for Foreign Policy and International Relations at the University of Trier in Germany. He has taught at the Universities of Munich and Eichstaett in Germany, and as Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies Bologna Center. Hanns W. Maull has authored and edited more than a dozen books, and has contributed widely to journals in German, English, French, Italian and Japanese, including Foreign Affairs, International Affairs, Politique Etrangere, Europa Archiv and Chuo Koron. Michael Meimeth is a member of the Department of Political Science at the Universitat des Saarlandes, Germany. He had held previous positions at the Universities of Cologne and Trier. He is a Fellow at the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Ebenhausen and the Research Institute of the Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation. He is author of Frank reichs Entspannungspolitik der 70er Jahre: Zwischen Status quo Sicher heitspo/itik nach dem Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts (1996). Mario Zucconi is Professor at the University of Urbino and Visiting Professor at the Johns Hopkins Bologna Center. He is founder and former director of the Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale (Rome). He is the editor of The International Response to the Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia: Reorganizing Multilateralism after the Cold War (1997). Glossary ACE Allied Command Europe AFSOUTH Allied Forces Southern Europe APC Atlantic Partnership Council ARRC ACE Rapid Reaction Corps CD Christian Democratic Party (Italy) CFE Conventional Forces in Europe (Treaty 1990) CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy (European Union) CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CJTF Combined Joint Task Force CPC Conflict Prevention Center (OSCE) CSCM Conference for Security and Cooperation in the Mediterranean csu Christian Social Union (Germany) EMU Economic and Monetary Union ESDI European Security and Defence Identity EU European Union PDP Free Democratic Party (Germany) HQBHC Headquarters Bosnia-Herzegovina Command (NATO) IFOR NATO Implementation Force (Bosnia) IGC Inter-Governmental Conference (Europe) NAC North Atlantic Council NACC North Atlantic Cooperation Council NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NORTHAG NATO's Northern Army Group OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe PCI Italian Communist Party PDS Democratic Party of the Left (Italy) PfP Partnership for Peace (NATO) SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander Europe (NATO) SACLANT Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic SFOR Stabilization Force (Bosnia) SPD Social Democratic Party (Germany) UN United Nations UNPROFOR UN Protection Force (Bosnia) lX

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