Native Bias: Overcoming Discrimination against Immigrants (Princeton Studies in Political Behavior, 35)

313 Pages·2022·18.238 MB·English

by  Donghyun Danny Choi, Mathias Poertner, Nicholas Sambanis

native bias
TaliMendelberg,SeriesEditor
NativeBias:OvercomingDiscriminationagainstImmigrants,DonghyunDannyChoi,
MathiasPoertner,andNicholasSambanis
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ChristopherH.AchenandLarryM.Bartels
ResolveinInternationalPolitics,JoshuaD.Kertzer
Native Bias
overcoming discrimination
against immigrants
donghyun danny choi
mathias poertner
nicholas sambanis
princeton university press
princeton &oxford
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Choi,DonghyunDanny,1983–author.|Poertner,Mathias,
1986–author.|Sambanis,Nicholas,1967–author.
Title:Nativebias:overcomingdiscriminationagainstimmigrants/Donghyun
DannyChoi,MathiasPoertner,andNicholasSambanis.
Description:Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,[2022]|
Series:Princetonstudiesinpoliticalbehavior|Includesbibliographicalreferences.
Identifiers:LCCN2022006682(print)|LCCN2022006683(ebook)|
ISBN9780691222301(paperback;alk.paper)|ISBN9780691222318
(hardback;alk.paper)|ISBN9780691222325(ebook)
Subjects:LCSH:Immigrants—Germany—Publicopinion.|
Discrimination—Germany.|Xenophobia—Germany.|Group
identity—Germany.|Multiculturalism—Germany.|Germany—Emigrationand
immigration—Socialaspects.|BISAC:POLITICALSCIENCE/PublicPolicy/
Immigration|HISTORY/Europe/Germany
Classification:LCCJV8025.C492022(print)|LCCJV8025(ebook)|
DDC325.43–dc23/eng/20220427
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022006682
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022006683
BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable
Editorial:BridgetFlannery-McCoyandAlenaChekanov
ProductionEditorial:MarkBellis
CoverDesign:KarlSpurzem
Production:LaurenReese
Publicity:KateHensleyandCharlotteCoyne
CoverCredit:C Irisland/Shutterstock
ThisbookhasbeencomposedinArno
Printedonacid-freepaper.∞
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
contents
ListofFigures vii
ListofTables xi
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
TheArgumentinaNutshell 8
TheEvidence 15
WhyStudyGermany? 19
BroaderImpacts 25
PlanoftheBook 28
2 ReducingSocialDistance,ReducingBias 31
ConfrontingParochialism 31
DilemmasofInclusion 36
Concepts 39
OvercomingtheNative-ImmigrantDivide 42
NormsandIntergroupConflict 47
Hypotheses&Mechanisms 51
3 MeasuringBiasandDiscrimination 56
Attitudes 58
MeasuringAnti-immigrantAttitudesinGermany 61
CapturingAnti-immigrantBehaviorintheField 73
Discussion 88
4 LinguisticAssimilation 91
NativePreferenceforLinguisticAssimilation 91
TheImportanceofLanguageinGermanIdentity 95
ExperimentalIntervention 102
v
vi contents
MainFindings 105
Discussion 109
5 SharedCivicNorms 112
Cleanliness 115
ExperimentalDesign 122
Results 126
Discussion 129
6 GenderEquality 133
WomenattheCoreofValueConflictwithIslam 135
Group-derivedNorms 142
ExperimentalEvidencefromtheField 146
Results 154
AttitudinalDifferencesbetweenMenandWomen 160
WhatDoestheHijabSignify? 162
Discussion 165
7 Viewing“Them”asOneof“Us” 170
ResearchDesign 172
MainFindings 179
Discussion 194
8 OvercomingDiscrimination 196
ContributionstotheLiterature 197
ContributionstoMethods 198
ContributionstoTheory 199
ContributionstoPolicyDesign 202
NextSteps 206
Appendix 211
Bibliography 253
Index 275
figures
1.1 TrendsinattitudestowardimmigrationinGermany 22
1.2 TrendsinattitudestowardimmigrationinGermany 23
3.1 Respondentsclaimingtheircountrydoesn’tfeellikehome 59
3.2 PerceptionofimmigrantsamongGermannatives 60
3.3 ProbabilitythatGermannativespreferapersonasaneighbor 65
3.4 ProbabilitythatGermannativespreferapersonasafriend 67
3.5 ProbabilitythatGermannativespreferapersonasa
son/daughter-in-law 68
3.6 ExampleIATscreen 72
3.7 Experimentinaction 79
3.8 Varyingreligiosityandethnicityofconfederate 80
3.9 Experimentalsites—ThirtycitiesinNorthRhine-Westphalia,
Brandenburg,Saxony,andLowerSaxony 81
3.10 Discriminationagainstimmigrants 84
3.11 DiscriminationagainstimmigrantsbyEastvs.WestGermany 86
4.1 Languageeffects:Merged(Experiment1&2) 107
5.1 Screencaptureofsurveyitemonattitudestowardlittering 117
5.2 Actionsrespondentswouldtakewhentheyseesomeonewho
litters 118
5.3 Wordcloudofopen-endedjustificationsforwhyrespondents
believeimmigrantslittermorethanGermans 121
5.4 Experimentinprogress 123
5.5 Parochialisminthelevelofassistanceofferedtostrangers 127
5.6 Offsettingeffectsofnormenforcementonbias 129
vii
viii figures
6.1 TrendsingenderattitudesinGermany 139
6.2 PerceptionsofthehijabamongnativeGermans 141
6.3 Experimentalinterventioninaction 148
6.4 NativeGermanwomenwithregressiveattitudesaboutcareer
genderequality 151
6.5 Studysites—Twenty-sixtrainstationsinthreeGermanstates 153
6.6 Parochialisminthelevelofassistanceofferedtostrangers 154
6.7 Offsettingeffectsofprogressivegenderattitudeson
discrimination 155
6.8 Trendsinattitudestowardwomen’sroleinsociety 161
6.9 Evaluationsofvideoofexperiment:“Whydonativewomennot
helphijab-wearingwomen?” 164
6.10 Wordcloudofopen-endedresponsesonthemeaningof
thehijab 165
7.1 Screencaptureoftreatmentvideo 173
7.2 Outcomemeasurement:Generalizedaffect 176
7.3 Outcomemeasurement:Decategorizationandrecategorization 177
7.4 Normenforcementeffectsongeneralizedaffect 180
7.5 Categorizationeffects 181
7.6 Heterogeneouseffects:Normimportance1 187
7.7 Heterogeneouseffects:Normimportance2 188
7.8 Textanalysis:Positive/negativeadjectives 192
7.9 Textanalysis:Adjectivetopics 193
A.1 Screencapturesof“manipulationcheck”task 214
A.2 Discriminationagainstimmigrantsbyexperiment 216
A.3 Discriminationagainstimmigrantsbystate 217
A.4Discriminationagainstimmigrants:Merged(Experiment1&2) 219
A.5 Languageeffects:FormerWestGermany 220
A.6 Languageeffects:FormerEastGermany 221
A.7 Equivalencetesting:Twoone-sidedtestofproportions 225
A.8 Experimentalsetup 227
figures ix
A.9 Normtreatmentdimensions 228
A.10 Heterogeneouseffects:Normenforcementeffectson
generalizedaffect 250
A.11 Heterogeneouseffects:Normimportance3 251
A.12 PerceptionsonthelikelihoodthatMuslimwillintervence
tostopnormviolation 252