Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity in Post-Conflict Cyprus

267 Pages·2019·2.975 MB·English

by  Stratis Andreas Efthymiou

Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity
in Post-Conflict Cyprus
Stratis Andreas Efthymiou
Nationalism,
Militarism
and Masculinity
in Post-Conflict
Cyprus
Stratis Andreas Efthymiou
University of Applied Sciences
Berlin, Germany
ISBN 978-3-030-14701-3 ISBN 978-3-030-14702-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14702-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019936152
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019
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For walking in my path
Acknowledgements
Professors Luke Martell, Gerard Delanty, Barbara Einhorn, Gillian
Bendelow have all in their own ways supported the process for develop-
ing this work.
I am grateful to Carol Penn and Mary Rudling who have provided
with kindness and humility concrete scaffolding in the journey coming
to this book.
I am thankful for the help I have received in this book project.
Dr. Tamsin Hinton-Smith provided concrete support for this project.
Professor Floya Anthias encouraged me turning this research into the
book. Dr. Ben Fincham played a key role in helping me develop this
analysis. Dr. Christalla Yakinthou provided valuable feedback on the
radical far right and on militarism analysis.
A special one has integrally contributed to writing this book.
Helen Fream with perseverance supported the development of the
text.
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Contents
1 Introduction: Becoming a Man in a Post-conflict Society 1
Men’s Guns: Men’s Nation? 5
Researching the Barracks and the Barricades 8
Sensitive Issues in Fieldwork in a Post-conflict Society 11
The Co-constitution of Nationalism, Militarism
and Masculinity 13
Outline of the Chapters 15
References 19
2 Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity After
the Construction of the Border 23
The Creation of the Border 24
Nationalism and the Border 28
Militarism and the Border 33
Masculinity and the National Struggle 41
References 49
ix
x Contents
3 Nationalism After the Opening of the Border 55
‘Struggle’ After the Opening of the Borders 58
National Memory, Crossings and ‘Occupation’ 80
Conclusion 90
References 91
4 Militarism After the Opening of the Border 97
Forgetting ‘Defence’ 98
Becoming ‘Euro-Cypriot’ and the Ideology of Defence 105
The EU and Defence Policy 109
Mourning the Undermined Defence 122
Changing Civil–Military Relations 130
Policy Implications for Militarism in Post-conflict Societies 137
Conclusion 143
References 145
5 Masculinity After the Opening of the Border 153
Post-conflict Masculinity 155
Towards a European Masculinity 157
‘Euro-Cypriot’ Hegemonic Masculinity 159
Soldiers’ Individual Prosperity 164
Society and Soldiers with Individual Goals 169
Anxiety Over the Lost Fighting Spirit 176
Re-adaptation of Post-conflict Masculinity 182
Conclusion 187
References 188
6 Radical Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity
After the Opening of the Border 191
Before the Opening of the Borders: The Radical Far-Right 193
After the Opening of the Borders: The Radical Far-Right 195
Nationalism: Demanding the Closure of the Border 197
Militarism: Repudiating the Declining ‘Defence’ 200
Masculinity: Leading the Road Back to Heroism 203
Contents xi
Conclusion 206
Appendices 208
References 213
7 Cypriot Energy: Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity
on the Maritime Boundaries 217
Nationalism, Militarism, Masculinity and Energy Resources 219
Nationalism and Energy Resources 221
Militarism and Energy Resources 225
Masculinity and Energy Resources 229
Conclusion 233
References 234
8 Conclusion: A Journey Through the Juncture
of Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity 237
Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity in Post-conflict
Societies 239
Weakening Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity
in Post-conflict Societies 240
Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity in Post-conflict
Cyprus 241
Weakening Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity
in Post-conflict Cyprus 242
Re-adapting Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity 243
Post-conflict Masculinity 244
Radical Far-Right Iterations 246
Policy Implications 246
Avenues for Future Research 247
References 251
References 253
Index 255
Acronyms and Abbreviations
CTPFC (Kıbrıs Türk Barış Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı) Cyprus Turkish Peace
Force Command
DHSY (Δημοκρατικός Συναγερμός) Democratic Rally of Cyprus
EDEK (Κίνημα Σοσιαλδημοκρατών) The Movement for Social
Democracy
EDHK (Εθνικιστικό Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα) Nationalist Democratic
Party
EEZ E xclusive Economic Zone
ELAM (Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο) National Popular Front
ELDYK (Ελληνική Δύναμη Κύπρου) Hellenic Force of Cyprus
EOKA (Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών) National
Organization of Cypriot Fighters
EU European Union
FRONT (Μέτωπο) Front
GC Greek Cypriot
NEDHSY Y outh group of DHSY
NG (Εθνική Φρουρά) National Guard
RoC (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία) Republic of Cyprus
ROE R epresentative of ELAM
SADD (Ενιαίο Αμυντικό Δόγμα Ελλάδας-Κύπρου) Single Area
defence Doctrine with Greece
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