Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans PDF
Preview Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans
NATIONALISM, GLOBALIZATION, AND ORTHODOXY Recent Titles in Contributions to the Study of World History Ambivalent Embrace: America’s Relations with Spain from the Revolutionary War to the Cold War Rodrigo Botero Paper Liberals: Press and Politics in Restoration Spain David Ortiz, Jr. Triumph and Downfall: America’s Pursuit of Peace and Prosperity, 1921-1933 Margot Louria Philadelphia’s Enlightenment, 1740-1800: Kingdom of Christ, Empire of Reason Nina Reid-Maroney Finance from Kaiser to Führer: Budget Politics in Germany, 1912-1934 C. Edmund Clingan The Uncertain Friendship: The U.S. and Israel from Roosevelt to Kennedy Herbert Druks The Persistence of Victorian Liberalism: The Politics of Social Reform in Britain, 1870-1900 Robert F. Haggard The Uncertain Alliance: The U.S. and Israel from Kennedy to the Peace Process Herbert Druks A Lust for Virtue: Louis XIV’s Attack on Sin in Seventeenth-Century France I’hilip F. 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Balkan Peninsula—Ethnic relations—History. 2. Balkan Peninsula—Ethnic relations—Social aspects. 3. Balkan Peninsula—Ethnic relations—Religious aspects. 4. Nationalism—Balkan Peninsula. 5. Globalization. I. Robertson, Roland. II. Series. DR24.R682001 320.9496—dc21 00-069154 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2001 by Victor Roudometof All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 00-069154 ISBN: 0-313-31949-9 ISSN: 0885-9159 First published in 2001 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in (his book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by ihe National Information Standards Organization (/.39.48 1984). 10 9876 3 4321 Copyright Acknowledgments Parts of Chapters I and 2 are adapted from Victor Roudometof, “From Rum Millet to Greek Nation; Enlightenment, Secularization, and National Identity in Ottoman Balkan Society, 1453-1821," Join nal of Modern Greek Studies 16 (1998): 11^18. © The Johns Hopkins University Press. Chapter 4 is a slightly revised version of my “Invented Traditions, Symbolic Boundaries, iitul National Identity in Southeastern Europe: Greece and Serbia in Comparative-Historical Perspective (1830-1880),” East European Quarterly 32, no. 4 (January 1999): 429-68. Chapter 6 is a revised and extended version of my “The Social Origins of Balkan Politics: Nation alism, Underdevelopment, and the Nation-State in Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria, 1880-1920," Mi'tl iterranean Quarterly 3, no. 3 (summer 2000): 146-64. © Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. Parts of the introduction and the conclusions are adapted from my preview article, “Nationalism. Globalization, Eastern Orthodoxy: ‘Unthinking’ the ‘Clash of Civilizations’ in Southeastern I n rope,” European Journal of Social Theory 2, no. 2 (1999): 234—47. Reprinted by permission ol Sage Publications Ltd. For my parents Contents Illustrations ix Foreword by Roland Robertson xi Preface XV Introduction: Nationalism, Globalization, and Modernity in the Balkans—A World-Historical Perspective 1 1 A Multidimensional Analysis of the Balkan National Revolutions (Part I) 19 2 A Multidimensional Analysis of the Balkan National Revolutions (Part II) 47 3 The Pursuit of Citizenship 75 4 Invented Traditions, Symbolic Boundaries, and National Identity in Greece and Serbia, 1830-1880 101 5 The Latecomers: Nationalism in Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Albania 131 6 The Articulation of Irredentism in Balkan Politics, 1880—1920 157 viii · Contents 7 The Consequences of Modernity: National Homogenization and the Minority Question 179 8 The Balkans in a Global Age 203 Conclusions 229 Bibliographical Note 241 References 245 Index 287 Illustrations MAPS 1 The Territorial Expansion of the Balkan Nation-States, 1830-1913 13 2 The Boundaries of the Bulgarian State According to the San Stefano Treaty (1878) 141 3 Bulgaria and Macedonia after the Treaty of Berlin (1878) 142 4 The Boundaries of the Balkan Nation-States after World War 1 181 5 The Post-Yugoslav New States, 1990-2000 225 TABLES 1 Male Population of the Balkans According to the Ottoman Censuses of 1831 and 1851 14 2 Ottoman Social Structure During the Classical Age, 1300-1600 22 3 Distribution of Princes among Families, 1711-1821 28 4 Ottoman Social Structure in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 32 5 The Greek Orthodox Merchant Marine, ca. 1800 35 ft Time Allocation per Course in Secondary Education 111 x · Illustrations 7 Populations of the Balkan Nation-States 161 8 Proportion of Urban Population in the Balkan States, Nineteenth Century 162 9 Real GNP per Capita in 1960 U.S.$ 205 10 Key Indicators of the Balkan States, 1994 207
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