NATIONAL WATER MISSION NATIONAL WATER MISSION under National Action Plan on Climate ...

471 Pages·2009·4.44 MB·English

Draft

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES

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Volume - II

New Delhi
December 2008
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C o n t e n t s

Chapter Description Page No.

VVVVoooolllluuuummmmeeee –––– IIII

1. Introduction 1

2. Objectives of National Water Mission 3

3. Strategies and Methodologies 5
3.1 Assessment of Impact of Climate Change 5
3.2 Changes in Policy, Practices and Institutional 11
Framework
3.3 Measures for Mitigation 13
3.4 Measures for Adaptations 18

4. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism and 21
Institutional Setup
4.1 Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism 22
4.2 Institutional Set-up 23
4.3 Plan of Action and Timelines 24
5. Research & Development, Training and Capacity 25
Building

6. Additional Fund Requirements 27

Annexure – I Specific Strategies/Strategies related to Water 29
Resources as identified in the Technical Document
annexed with the “National Action Plan on Climate
Change”
Annexure – II Composition of Advisory Board of National Water 31
Mission under Minister Water Resources
Annexure – III Composition of High Level Steering Committee for 32
National Water Mission
Annexure-IV Composition of Technical Committee on Climate 33
Change and Water Resources
Annexure – V Proposed Set up of Secretariat for National Water 34
Mission
Annexure – VI Activities identified for monitoring by National Water 35
Chapter Description Page No.

Mission

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Appendix-I Report of the Sub-Committee on “Policy and I/1 –I/66
institutional Framework”

Appendix-II Report of the Sub-Committee on “Surface Water II/1 – II/95
Management”

Appendix-III Report of the Sub-Committee on “Ground Water III/1 –
Management” III/46

Appendix-IV Report of the Sub-Committee on “Domestic and IV/1 –
industrial Water Management” IV/137

Appendix-V Report of the Sub-Committee on “Efficient Use of V/1 – V/51
Water for Various Purposes”

Appendix-VI Report of the Sub-Committee on “Basin level VI/1 –
Planning and Management.” VI/36
Report of Sub-Committee
on
Policy and
institutional
Framework
Acknowledgements

This report has been drafted by Shri A.D. Mohile, former Chairman, Central
Water Commission, who was appointed as a Consultant for this purpose.

The Consultant, on his part, acknowledges the full support and cooperation of
the Chairman of the Sub-Committee (Shri S. Manoharan, Additional Secretary,
Ministry of Water Resources) and to Shri M.E. Haque, Commissioner, and Shri Vinay
Kumar, Senior Joint Commissioner, Ministry of Water Resources and numerous
officers of the Central Water Commission, in providing all facilities and data. All
members of the Sub-Committee gave valuable comments and suggestions, which
have helped in improving the quality of the Report.

The Report was also discussed in the High Level Steering Committee in its
meeting in October and November 2008. The Chairman of the HLSC, Shri U.N.
Panjiar, Secretary (WR) and all the members of the HLSC gave valuable suggestions
towards improvement of the Report.

Special thanks are due to Shri S. Masood Husain, Director(R&D), MoWR and
his Deputy Directors Shri Pramod Narayan and Shri Vivek Pal for dedicated support
and help throughout the preparation of the Report. Thanks are also due to Shri Hari
Charan, PS to Member (D&R), CWC and Shri V. Krishna Swamy, PA for
painstakingly providing complete secretarial help.
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Contents

Chapter Description Page no.

1 BACKGROUND……………………………………………………………... 1
1.1 Introduction to India’s Water Resources……………………………. 1
1.2 Introduction to Climate – Climate Change & Anthropogenic Climate 5
Change………………………………………………………...
1.3 A Short Status of Knowledge about Climate Change……………… 5
1.4 Predictive Findings of Scientists about Likely Climate Change in
India…………………………………………………………………….. 6
1.5 Findings of Scientists “if – then type”……………………………….. 7
1.6 The Purpose and Scope of the Report……………………………… 13
2 PRELIMINARY PLAN OF ACTION………………………………………… 16
3 POLICY MODIFICATIONS IN VIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE
CONCERNS………………………………………………………………….. 35
3.1 Background……………………………………………………….. 35
3.2 The Concept of Available Water……………………………………... 35
3.3 Water Balance as a Tool to Understand the Unified Resource…... 35
3.4 Covering Data Gaps…………………………………………………… 36
3.5 Water Allocation and Water Rights………………………………….. 37
3.6 Priorities amongst Uses……………………………………………… 38
3.7 Increasing Analytic Capacities………………………………………. 38
3.8 Stakeholder Managed Basin Authorities to reduce Conflicts……... 40
3.9 Improving Water Use Efficiencies in Irrigation……………………… 40
3.10 Increasing Useable Water……………………………………………. 41
3.11 Inter-basin Transfers………………………………………………….. 43
3.12 Drought Management………………………………………………… 43
3.13 Environmental Impacts……………………………………………….. 44
3.14 Water Quality Management………………………………………….. 44
3.15 Flood Management Strategies……………………………………..... 45
3.16 Multipurpose Projects…………………………………………………... 45
3.17 Disaster Management………………………………………………… 45
3.18 Conflict Management – International basins……………………….. 46
3.19 Changed Acceptability Criteria………………………………………. 46
3.20 Domestic Water Supply……………………………………………….. 46
3.21 Industrial Water Supply and Water Treatment……………………… 48
3.22 Ground Water Management………………………………………….. 48
4 LEGAL FRAMEWOREK FOR COPING WITH CLIMATE CHANGE…. 50
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4.1 Legislative Empowerment under Entry 56 of the Union List………. 50
4.2 Powers to approve proposals of the States in regard to water
developments in interstate basins…………………………………… 51
4.3 Powers to collect information about water and its uses for various
purposes in different States………………………………………….. 51
4.4 Powers to monitor the management of waters of an interstate basin by
the State……………………………………………………… 51
4.5 Powers to set up basins authorities who can direct the States in regard
to the management of the basins waters in accordance with the existing
awards or agreements, allocations etc…………..
51
4.6 Powers to approve the interstate agreements reached by the basins
States, and to convert the agreements into legal instruments, which
cannot be modified unilaterally……………....
52
4.7 Powers to set up independent inspecting and licensing bodies to
inspect and certify the safety of dams……………………………... 52
4.8 Powers to decide the availability of surplus water in river basins after
consulting the co-basins States and to recommend inter-basin
transfers of water to deficit basins……………………………
52
4.9 Inter-state water disputes…………………………………………….. 52
5 INSTITUTIONS………………………………………………………… 54
5.1 General Approach to Institutional Issues…………………………… 54
5.2 Reducing the Role of Government in Water Sector……………….. 55
5.3 The Role of Government in Regulating the Water Sector………… 57
6 FINANCIAL POLICIES……………………………………………………… 60
6.1 Background……………………………………………………………. 60
6.2 Budget………………………………………………………………….. 60
6.3 Financial Policies regarding Subsidies, etc…………………………. 61

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Abbreviations and Common terms

Abbreviation Full form
B/C Benefit/Cost
CBIP Central Board of Irrigation and Power
CCRS Center for Climate Research Studies
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
CGWB Central Ground Water Board, Faridabad
CH4 Methane
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CPT Kolkata Port Trust
CWC Central Water Commission, New Delhi
CW&PC Central Water and Power Commission, New Delhi
CWPRS Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune
DDP Drought Development Programme
DoOD Department of Ocean Development
DPAP Drought Prone Area Programme
DST Department of Science and Technology
EAP Employment Assurance Programme
EFR Environmental Flow Requirement
EIA Environment Impact Assessment
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
GBM Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna Basin
GCM General Circulation Model/ Global Climatic Model
GFCC Ganga Flood Control Commission, Patna
GFDL Geo-physical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory
GHG Green House Gases
GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies
GLOF Glacial Lake Outburst Flood
GoI Government of India
GPS Geographical Positioning System
GSI Geological Survey of India
hm3 (MCM) Hectometer (Million Cubic Metre) (106 Cubic Metre)
IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICID International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage
ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
IIT Indian Institute of Technology
IITM Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune
IMD India Meteorological Department, New Delhi
INCID International National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IWMI International Water Management Institute
IWRS Indian Water Resources Society
JGSY Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana
km Kilometre
km3 (BCM) Cubic Kilometre (Billion Cubic Metre) (109 Cubic Metre)
m Metre
mm Millimetre
MoAC Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests
MoWR Ministry of Water Resources
NCAER National Council of Applied Economic Research
NCIWRD National Commission on Integrated Water Resources Development
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Abbreviation Full form
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NIES National Institute of Environmental Studies, Japan
NIH National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee
NO2 Nitrogen Oxide
NWA National Water Academy, Pune
NWDA National Water Development Agency, New Delhi
NWP National Water Policy
O3 Ozone
PIM Participatory Irrigation Management
PMF Probable Maximum Flood
PMP Probable Maximum Precipitation
RBA Rashtriya Barh Ayog
RCM Regional Climatic Model
R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation
SPF Standard Project Flood
SPS Standard Project Storm
SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool
UKMO United Kingdom Meteorological Office
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
WALMI Water and Land Management Institute
WMO World Meteorological Organization

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CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction to India’s Water Resources
The main water resources of India consists of the precipitation on the
Indian territory which is estimate to be around 4000 km3/year, and trans-
boundary flows which it receives in its rivers and aquifers from the upper
riparian countries.
Out of the total precipitation, including snowfall, the availability from
surface water and replenishable groundwater is estimated as 1869 km3. Due
to various constraints of topography, uneven distribution of resource over
space and time, it has been estimated that only about 1123 km3 including 690
km3 from surface water and 433 km3 from groundwater resources can be put
to beneficial use. Table 1.1 shows the water resources of the country at a
glance. Precipitation over a large part of India is concentrated in the monsoon
season during June to September/October. Precipitation varies from 100 mm
in the western parts of Rajasthan to over 11000 mm at Cherrapunji in
Meghalaya.
Table 1.1: Water resources of India
Estimated annual precipitation (including snowfall) 4000 km3
Run-off received from upper riparian countries (Say) 500 km3
Average annual natural flow in rivers and aquifers. 1869 km3
Estimated utilisable water 1123 km3
(i) Surface 690 km3
(ii) Ground 433 km3
Water demand ≈ utilization (for year 2000) 634 km3
(i) Domestic 42 km3
(ii) Irrigation 541 km3
(iii) Industry, energy & others 51 km3
Extreme conditions exist in the country – there are floods followed by
droughts. Due to excess rainwater, floods occur in certain parts. It has been
estimated by Rashtriya Barh Ayog(RBA) that 40 mha of area is flood-prone
and this constitute 12% of total geographical area of the country. Droughts are
also experienced due to deficient rainfall. It has been found that 51 mha area
is drought prone and this constitute 16% of total geographical area.
The population of the country has increased from 361 million in 1951 to
1130 million in July 2007. Accordingly, the per capita availability of water for
the country as a whole has decreased from 5177 m3/year in 1951 to 1654
m3/year in 2007. Due to spatial variation of rainfall, the per capita water
availability also varies from basin to basin. The distribution of water resources
potential in the country shows that the average per capita water availability in
Brahmaputra & Barak basin was about 14057 m3/year whereas it was 308
m3/year in Sabarmati basin in year 2000.
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