National Symposium On India Striving Towoards One Step Ahead In Science&Technology in World

168 Pages·2017·2.5 MB·English

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National Symposium
On
India Striving Towoards One Step Ahead In
Science&Technology in World

th
28 February, 2017
Edited by
Dr. Devendra Kumar Awasthi Dr. Gyanendra Awasthi
Associate Professor and Head Associate Professor and Head,
Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry,
J. N. P. G. College Lucknow (U.P) D.I.B.N.S, Dehradun (U.K.)

Jointly organized by
Bharat Raksha Dal Trust Environmental Cell
S.R. Institute of Management and Technology
Association of Chemistry Teachers

2017
Ideal International E - Publication

www.isca.co.in

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427, Palhar Nagar, RAPTC, VIP-Road, Indore-452005 (MP) INDIA
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E-mail: [email protected] , Website: www.isca.co.in

Title: Proceedings of National Symposium on India Striving towards one
step ahead in science & technology in world
Editor(s): Dr. Devendra Kumar Awasthi. Dr. Gyanendra Awasthi
Edition: First
Volume: I

© Copyright Reserved
2017
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, in a
retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, reordering or otherwise, without the prior permission
of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-81-934005-8-6

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CONVENER REPORT: DR.D.K.AWASTHI
On behalf of Organizing committee, I extend a warm welcome to distinguished guests, speakers,
participants, research persons attending National Symposium on India Striving towards one step Ahead
In Science & Technology In World on 28th February 2017organized by Bharat Raksha Dal Trust, SR
Institute of Management &Technology Lucknow and Association Chemistry Teachers., Firstly I would like
to thank, Our Honourable Chief Guest Dr.Ashiwin Dutt Pathak Director Sugar cane Research Institute
Lucknow.It is one of the organizations of Indian Council of Agriculture Reasearch.Sri Pawan
SinghChauhan Chairman SR Institute of Management &Technology Lucknow, honoured the chair as
guest of honour for his persistent support & advice to customize and frame this event. Above all the
support and guidance from Srinivasrai Founder & President. I think topic of the national symposium is
more relevant. Today is the need to learn and execute scientifically the methodologies, program, plans
and implementation for generation of energy and will have to think how to save for future. Dr. P. S. ojha
has given lot of information for use of waist materialand generation of biogas energy.Dr Ojha is patron
of national symposium.Many Scientists delivered their lecture like Dr.D.R.Malviya,Dr.Praveen Singh,
Dr.D.K.Pandey,Dr.S.k.Srivastava,Dr.R.Kumar,Dr.Ranveer Singh.

Dr.D.K.AWASTHI (convener)

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PAPER INDEX
S.No. Title Author Name
1. Situation And Future Of Science And Technology In India Dr.A.N.Dixit
2. Achievement Of Science And Technology Specially In Filariasis Dr.Shradha Sinha
3. India Is One Step Ahead For Development Of Space Programme In a Civilian Dr.Usha Rani Singh
Domain
4. Technological Innovation: A Prospective Source Of Economic growth Dr.Dilshad Ahmad Ansari

5. Application Of Mip - Sieve Sensor For Removal Of Mercury In Hospital Dr.Srinkhala Srivastava
Wastes: A Tool Helping India Moving Ahead In Technology
6. Impact Of Environmental Pollution On Biodiversity Dr.Pallavi Dixit
7. Occupational Lifestyle Diseases In India Dr.Upasana yadav
8. Paint Ind u s t r i e s A n d I t s E f f e c t O n C o m mon Man Dr. Richa Khare

9. Hydroponics - A Need Of The Time Dr.Renu Gupta
10. R o l e O f P h y t o e s t r o g e n s I n T h e Treatment Of Various Estrogen Related Dr.Jaya Pandey
11. DImispolredmeersn tation Of Protection Of Plant Varieties & Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001 Dr. P.K. Singh

12. The Impact Of Science On Society Dr Jahan Ara
13. Role Of Hon’ble National Green Tribunal (Ngt) In Protection Of Environment Dr. Deepti Singh

14. Prediction Of Antagonistic Activity Of Β-Carboline And Its Derivatives Using Dr. Anil Kumar Soni
Topological Descriptors
15. India’s Tryst With Technology: One Step Ahead Dr.Ruchi Srivastava

16. Plasma Spraying And Mathematical Modulation
Dr. Mohammad Miyan

17. Maintenance Breeding For Quality Cane Seed Production In Sugarcane Dr.D.K. Pandey
18. Economic Growth Of Science And Technology In India Dr.Noohi Khan

19. Science & Technology In Ancient India Dr Monika Kamboj

20. Tapping Solar Energy :India Marching Ahead Dr.Sangeeta Verma

21 Advancing Science In India With Future Challenge Dr.Archana Maurya

22 Nanotechnology: One Of The Emerging Technologies In India Neha Jain

23 Innovation In Forage Research D R Malaviya

24 India As A Source Of Knowledge From P ast To Present Dr Saurabh Kumar Singh
25 Role Of Carbon Dioxide In Drug Discovery Research Amit K. Chaturvedi
26 , R ecent Trends In Controlling Vehicular Pollution Dr Richa Mehrotra

27. Urban Solid Waste Management Need For Protection Of Human Health & The Dr. (Mrs.) Suman Lata
Adepartment Of Applied Chemistry, Amity School Of Applied Sciences, Amity
Natural Environment In India Verma
University Uttar Pradesh (Auup), Lucknow Campus, Lucknow-226028, U. P.

28. BLdoecpaal Artnmaeenstth Oeft iCchs eDmruisgtsr y, School Of Physical & M aterial Sciences, Mahatma D.K.Awasthi
29. Synthesis and Antimicrobial activity of some Pyrozolidine Derivatives S. S. Yadav
Ghandhi Central University, Motihari-845401 (East Champaran), Bihar, India

Corresponding Author’s E-Mails: [email protected];

[email protected]

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Organic Trithiocarbonates Have Received Much Attention Due To
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SITUATION AND FUTURE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
A.N.DIXIT,
RETIRED PRINCIPAL,
GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE, FARIDPUR, BAREILLY
Abstract
This paper reviews the science and technology policies of India and how these have fashioned India’s
technology capability over the years. It shows that while India has achieved enormous strides in the area
of science, technology and innovation, inappropriate policies in the past have hampered the
development of an effective national innovation system. This paper charts the various phases of science,
technology and innovation (STI) policies of India and their impact on the nation’s technology capability,
and considers future policy prospects and development implications. With a population of over 1000
million, India is the world’s second largest country after China and the largest democracy. In terms of
land area, it is the seventh biggest country in the world. With a GDP of about $430bn, India is the
world’s eleventh richest nation but in purchasing power parity terms, it is fourth after, the US, China and
Japan. The Indian economy has a strong element of duality. It is one of the most industrialised countries
in the world, with remarkable achievements in indigenous technology, oceanography, deep-sea oil
drilling, nuclear power, space and satellite communications and armaments manufacture. It is also a
successful agricultural country. Three-quarters of the population owe their livelihoods to the sector,
which coupled with fisheries and mining, account for about one-third of gross domestic product (GDP).

Introduction
Implication of Science and Technology to mans' use is as old as 2500 B.C or much earlier when the
people, of Indus Valley Civilization came to know first time about the fire and the wheel. Wheel is the
mother of all technological innovations of today and discovery of fire is the man's first experience about
energy.Since then, man's curiosity and meticulous efforts have helped him for new inventions and
discoveries. But Science and Technology got its real recognition in India during the British period and
were established to meet the needs and requirements of the then government. During 19th century,
when the whole Europe passed through a phase of Industrial Revolution, the Britishers also put
emphasis on development of Science and Technology in India.Establishment of railway system, building
of canals and development of a network of meteorological stations began. The first scientific survey of
this country was done during this time. Several academic institutions, such as Asiatic Society in Calcutta
in 1784, the Indian Association for the Advancement of Science in 1876 and many others were created.
All these generated a greater awareness of science in the country and eventually led to the birth of
modern science in India between 1890 and 1940.However, the end of the last century and the first 50
years of the present one was a period of renaissance of science for India. Renowned scientists like Sir J.
C. Bose, C. V. Raman, S. N. Bose, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Dr. Homi J. Bhabha, the father of India's nuclear
power, Vikram Sarabhai, Dr. Har Govind Singh Khorana etc. became well-known for their notable
scientific researches in various fields and brought name and fame for the country.During post
independence period and through the vision of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the then Prime Minister,
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Science and Technology were developed in a conscious way as a major force for accelerating social and
economic change. Nehru clearly expressed his views in his 'Discovery of India’:"It was science alone that
could solve the problems of hunger and poverty, of insanitation and illiteracy, of superstition and
doddering custom and tradition, of vast resources running to waste, of a rich country inhabited by
starving people,"Programme of 'Green Revolution' has made it true. Now, in the fields of space
research, atomic energy, biotechnology and agriculture, India has achieved a lot. Continuous emergence
of new areas and micro areas are gradually gaining the importance and specialized research areas like
Superconductivity, Laser, Supercomputers, Robots and Robotics, Information Technology, Optic fibers
etc. have resulted in a vast expansion in the areas/fields of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY activities.India is
still lagging behind in the field of energy; specifically harnessing clean, safe and non-polluting energy
through exaltation of non-conventional resources. Solar energy, the limitless source (the sun) provided
by the nature, is still underutilized. Though much is achieved, but more is left unattended.Hence, with
the consistent support of the government as well as private institutions today there are about 3000
public and private institutions engaged in basic/fundamental, applied researches and development
works in various fields of science and technology .Science as a method of acquiring knowledge, its
systemization, interpretation and drawing conclusions helps man to widen the horizons of
understanding. This knowledge helps him to develop his social, economic and cultural life. Every
civilization that has developed economically and socially has attributed its success to Science and
technology. India is proud to have one of the oldest civilizations in the world, with one sixth of world
population and one third of scientic and technological manpower. In spite of being culturally and
socially- rich, India is not very "rich" in the true sense of the word. For economy to progress, and life-
style to improve, scientic development in India is imminent. So to shape the future with scientic ideas,
clear understanding of the present is essential. Behind the present lay the long and tangled past out of
which the present has grown. Tracing back the chain of scientic achievements in the past would give
hints for futuristic developments. I was just wondering how much past should I have to look back, for
ancient India's scientic achievements date back from time immemorial. In this essay I have attempted to
sketch the scientic developments in India in various points of time.Indian pre-history began with the vast
Harappan or the Greater Indus Valley civilization which represented a cultural continuum extending
from 7000 to 1400 B.C. The excavations done at Harappa and Mohenja-daro (now in Pakistan), in 1930's
by John Marshall of England, put the age of India's oldest civilization as more than 3000 B.C.
It is interesting to note that at this dawn of India's history, she does not appear as a puling infant, but
already grown up in many ways. She is not oblivious of life's ways but has made considerable technical
progress in the arts and amenities of life. The Indus valley people not only created things of beauty but
also the utilitarian and more typical emblems of modern civilizations. The high point of this civilization
was the mature urban Harappan phase (2500-2000 B.C) characterized by well-planned cities, extensive
external trade, manufacture of artistic seals, development of Harappan script.[1, 2] etc., Later came the
Vedic period. There is reportedly clear evidence of the positions of some stars at the time of the earliest
Vedas which, calculating for the precession of the equinoxes, dates as early as 8,000 B.C.[3] The period
of Indus valley civilizations is a matter of controversy and whether Vedic period precedes or follows it
adds new dimension to the issue. Therefore I am not going to dwell on the period of the two cultures,
instead [2] is referred to know more about Vedic and puranic science. The cultural, religious, social,
literary, and political life of the people of Vedic period is well documented in four Vedas which are Rig,
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Yajur, Sama and Atharvana. The rishis or saints have tried to answer many of the mysteries of the world
through their intuition and experience. Rig veda is the oldest book whose main contents are composed
in 4500 B.C. The oldest Greek classics Iliad and Odyssey of Homer were written about four to five
hundred years later.[4] Rig veda was a compilation of 1028 hymns composed by a large number of
authors over many generations.India's whole culture had been fashioned by geography. Lofty mountains
in the north and the oceans on the other three sides made India into nature's protectorate
It has maintained an unbroken cultural tradition and reinforces it by periodic intellectual inputs from
other cultural areas. The unique combination of antiquity, continuity and unselfconscious interaction
with the outside world was/is India's hallmark. India could not have continued a cultured existence for
thousands of years, if she has not possessed something very vital, enduring and something that was
worthwhile. The search for the sources of India's strength and for her deteriotion is long and intricate.
She fell behind in the march of technique, and Europe which had been backward in many matters took
the lead in technical progress. Behind the technical progress was the spirit of science and a bubbling life.
New techniques gave military strength to the countries of Europe and it was easy for them to spread out
and dominate the East.

Indian science at present
In the nineteenth century there was widespread use of science by the British to further their commercial
and political interests. Indians came into contact with modern science, when they were assigned the
peripheral role of providing cheap labour. Once introduced to modern science, Indians finally strove to
become full-edged members of the international republic of science in their own right. During 1950s in
the advanced countries "Big Science" activities, which grew from the industrial and technological base
established by the World War II, took great leaps forward. The peoples of India and other less developed
countries, on the other hand were involved during 1950s with restructuring their societies after 200
years of colonial rule. And as India had not been involved in wartime science, it had no infrastructure to
build science and technology systems. As a result, India fell behind in the race for big science. The first
Prime Minister of Independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru had a vision of science as an integral tool in the
task of development. His views had two merits, the first was having a humane and peaceful world-view
as its fundamental premise, and the second its strong link to secular and rational thought. He had the
viewpoint that the investment in advanced science and technology was an investment for the future, an
attempt to keep up with the knowledge explosion of the twentieth century, even as the basic tasks of
development were attended to. The Council of Scientic and Industrial Research (CSIR) was established in
1942, and today it is networking 39 laboratories and more than 100 universities and field centres. The
Council's research programmes are directed towards the effective utilization of the country's natural
resources and development of new processes and products for economic progress. The nation-wide
Science and Technology (S & T) infrastructure has grown from Rs.10 million at the time of independence
(in the year 1947) to Rs.30 billion, slightly more than 1% of GNP. Now India has the third largest number
of scientists and technologists in the world. There has been a signicant growth in India's capability and
accomplishments in several high technology areas such as nuclear, space, S&T, electronics and defence
research and development. The Government is committed to make S&T an integral part of the socio-
economic development of the country. Among the developing fields, Atomic Energy is leading. India's
power requirement will be provided by eight nuclear power reactors with a total of 1400 MW
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