ISSN 0973-3302 2010 PPPPPPPPPPPPrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooocccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeddddddddddddiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnngggggggggggg ooooooooooooffffffffffff NNNNNNNNNNNNaaaaaaaaaaaattttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiioooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnaaaaaaaaaaaallllllllllll SSSSSSSSSSSSyyyyyyyyyyyymmmmmmmmmmmmppppppppppppoooooooooooossssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiiuuuuuuuuuuuummmmmmmmmmmm oooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnn AAAAAAAAAAAAccccccccccccccccccccccccoooooooooooouuuuuuuuuuuussssssssssssttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiicccccccccccc UUllttrraassoonniiccss VVVVoooolllluuuummmmeeee----33337777 NNNNNNNNuuuuuuuummmmmmmmbbbbbbbbeeeeeeeerrrrrrrr 11111111 2222000011110000 wwwwww..nnssaa22001100..ggppggccrriisshhiikkeesshh..ccoomm 1 | P a ge Journal of Acoustical Society of India The Refereed Journal of the Acoustical Society of India (JASI) CCHHIEIEFF E DEIDTOITRO R Editorial Office: Mahavir Singh MANAGING EDITOR Mahavir Singh Acoustics Section Omkar Sharma Acoustics Section National Physical Laboratory National Physical Laboratory Dr. KS Krishnan Road ASSISTANT EDITORS NDerw. KDSel hKi 1ri1s0h 0n1a2n Road Yudhisther Kumar TNeel w+9 D1-1e1lh-4i 51610093 0119 2 Anil Kumar Nain FTaexl ++9911-1-11-14-5465096301993 19 Naveen Garg E-mail: [email protected] Fax +91-11-45609319 Acoustics Section E-mail: [email protected] National Physical Laboratory A SSOCIATE SCIENTIFIC EDITOR Dr. KS Krishnan Road A pplied Acoustics New Delhi 110 012 ASSOCIATE SCIENTIFIC Tel +91-11-45609319 Fax +91-11-45609319 EDITOR Trinath Kar E-mail: [email protected] TAepchpnlioelodg Ay Lceoauds tics C CL Bangalore T el-91-9481789158 ET-rminaailt: htr iKnaatrh [email protected] Technology Lead The journal of Acoustical Society of India is a refereed journal of the Acoustical Society of India (ASI). The ASI is a non-profit national society founded in 31st july,1971. The primary objective of the society is the advance the science the science of acoustics by creating an organization that is responsive to the needs of scientists and engineers concerned with acoustics problems all around the world. Manuscripts of articles, technical notes and letter to the editor should be submitted to the Chief Editor. Copies of articles on specific listed above should also be submitted to the respective. Associate Scientific Editor. Manuscripts are refereed by at least two referees and are reviewed by Publication Committee (all editors) before acceptance. On are refereed by at least two referees and are reviewed by Publicatin Committee (all editors) before acceptance. On acceptance revised articles with the text and figures scanned as separate files on a diskette should be submitted to the Editor by express mail Manuscripts of articles must be prepared in strict accordance with the author instructions. All information concerning subscription new books journals conferences etc. Should be submitted to Chief Editor Acoustics Section, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Road New Delhi 110 012 Tel: +91.11.4560.9319. Fax:+91.11.4560.9310, e-mail:[email protected] The journal and all articles and illustrations published herein are protected by copyright. No part of this journal may be translated reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic ,mechanical, photocopying, microfilming recording or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. Copyright @2007, Acoustical Society of India ISSN 0973-330 Printed at Alpha Printers BG-2/38C Paschim Vihar, New Delhi-110063 Tel:9811848335, JASI is sent to ASI members free of charge. 2 | P a ge MAHAVIR SINGH Chief Editor OMKAR SHARMA Managing Editor T RINATH KAR A ssociate Scientific Editor Y oudhishter kumar Anil Kumar Nain Assistant Editor Naveen Garg Assistant Editor E DITORIAL BOARD M L Munjal IIsc Banglore India S Narayanan IIT Chennai India V Rajendran K SRCT Erode India R J M Craik HWU Edinburg. UK Trevor RT Nightingle NRC Ottawa, Canada B V A Rao V IT Vellore, India P Narang NMI Lindfield, Australia E S R Rajagopal IISc Banglore, India V Bhujanga Rao N STL Vizag, India A L Vyas IIT Delhi, India V Bhujanga Rao NSTL Vizag, India Yukio Kagawa N U Chiba Japan S Datta LU Loughborough UK Sonoko Kuwano OU Osaka Japan KK Pujara II T Delhi (Ex) India A R Mohanty IIT Kharagpur India Ashok Kumar NPL New Delhi India V mOhanan NPL New Delhi ,India 3 | P a ge Sound Transmission through Building Enclosures The article deals with sound transmission through building enclosures including different forms of predominantly lightweight wall construction. It gives guidance on how walls comprising a number of separate element can be assessed. Sound transmission from outside to inside the reader should also see BS EN 12345-4:2000 if they are concerned with containment of sound within a building. The performance of a wall or roof has to be considered in terms of the internal spaces. The aim is to provide a building envelope that gives the required sound pressure levels within a room or other internal space. The noise level within a room will depend on the amount of sound energy transmitted through the wall and interreflection of sound inside the room. The room effect is usually determined by the amount of sound absorbing material in the room. Sound transmission of an assembly of components can be calculated provided the wall can be analysed as discrete areas for each of which the Sound Reduction Index is known. This applies to windows in walls and collections of windows but note that sound transmission through interface components such a joining mullions between windows may not be known. Sound transmission through a whole wall Is established by calculating an apparent sound reduction index (SRI) for the wall. This is used to determined the difference in sound between the outside and inside. The procedure is to calculate the sound power reduction for each element of the wall. The total sound power reduction can then be calculated and converted to an apparent reduction index. When sound of intensity 1W/m2 falls on a wall the sound power (in watts) transmitted by an element is given by: W =S 10 i i Where S is the area of an element (m2 ) i R is the sound reduction Index of that element (dB) i (Mahavir Singh) 4 | P a ge 1 US-1 Velocity and Thermodynamic properties of Binary liquid mixtures of 8-13 Methanol, Ethanol with Ethylacetoactate P. Paul Divakara, A. Madhusudhanacharyulua & Mrs. K. Samathab 2 US-2 Study of Solvation number and related parameters of Ammonium 14-19 bifluoride in non-aqueous medium A. Beulah Mary, J.H.Rakini Chandrasekaran, G. Bharathi & K.Ganthimathi 3 US-3 Study of Internal pressure and Equivalent conductance of solutions of 20-22 calcium fluoride in non-aqueous medium A. Beulah Mary, J.H.Rakini Chandrasekaran, G. Bharathi & K.Ganthimathi 4 US-4 Effect of electronegativity on free volume and vanderwaals constant 23-27 of binary and ternary liquid mixtures K. VIJAYALAKSHMI, C. Ravidhas 5 US-5 Ultrasonic studies of nn'-methylene bis-acrylamide in water 28-33 T.Mathavan, S.Umapathy, M.A.Jothi Rajan, A. Alfred Nobel Antony, X.Dolour Selvarajan, J.Hakkim, V.Stephen Raja & T.S.Vivekanandam 6 US-6 Determination of ultrasonic interaction parameter for Poly (acrylic 34-38 acid) in water T.Mathavan, S.Umapathy, M.A.Jothi Rajan, B.Valarmathi & T.S.Vivekanandam 7 US-7 Ultrasonic investigations of n-methylpyrrolidone in 1-propanol 39-44 T.Mathavan, S.Umapathy, M.A.Jothi Rajan, S.Gokila, M.Abirami, S.K.Dravida Selvi, R.Hemalatha & T.S.Vivekanandam 8 US-8 A study of solvation effect of some sodium salts in non-aqueous 45-50 medium using ultrasonic velocity Padmavathy. R, Jasmine Vasantha Rani. E, Seethalakshmi. K & Rahmathunnisa. R 9 US-9 Thermo - acoustic and spectroscopic study of polymer salt in non- 51-56 aqueous medium using ultrasonic velocity Jasmine Vasantha Rani.E, Padmavathi.R, Radha.N, Kannagi. & Lavanya.N 10 US-10 Ultrasonic investigations of peg (400) in toluene-clay mixture 57-62 T. Mathavan, S.Umapathy, M.A.Jothi Rajan, M. Megala & T.S.Vivekanandam 11 US-11 Acoustical Study on Thermo dynamical and Excess parameters of 63-69 binary and ternary mixtures M.M. Armstrong Arasu & Dr. I.Johnson 12 US-12 Study of Thermo Acoustical Parameters of Some Binary Mixtures from 70-76 volume Expansivity Data M.M. Armstrong Arasu & Dr. I.Johnson 13 US-13 A comprehensive analysis of solvation number of some organic acid 77-82 salts in non- aqueous medium Jasmine Vasantha Rani E & Suhashini Ernest 14 US-14 Ultrasonic study on binary mixtures of ethyl benzoate with benzene 83-88 and substituted benzenes at different temperatures B. Nagarjuna, Y.V. V Apparaoa, G.V Ramaraob, A.V Sarmaa & C. 5 | P a ge Rambabuc 15 US-15 Study of non linear parameter (b/a) and thermo acoustic parameter of 89-94 binary mixture at different frequencies G. Nath & R. Paikaray 16 US-16 Thermo-acoustic Studies on Ternary Mixtures of Methyl Iso-butyl 95-100 Ketone, Acetyl acetone and butanols with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) T.Karunamoy, S. K Dash, S.K.Nayak & B B Swain 17 US-17 Glueckauff’s model for lowering of dielectric constant of electrolytic 101-110 solutions & Isentropic Compressiblity Studies with aqueous electrolytic solutions using Ultrasonics –IONS PAIRS (CHLORIDES) V.Brahmajirao , T. Gunavardhan Naidu , P.Rajendra , T.Srikanth & Shanaz Batul 18 US-18 Glueckauff’s model for lowering of dielectric constant of electrolytic 111-121 solutions & Isentropic Compressiblity Studies with aqueous electrolytic solutions using Ultrasonics –IONS PAIRS (SULPHATES) V.Brahmajirao , T. Gunavardhan Naidu, T.Srikanth , P.Rajendra & Shanaz Batul 19 US-19 Tempareture variation of velocity in cow milk at different Ultrasonic 122-128 frequencies Kailash, S. N. Shrivastava & Poonam Yadav 20 US-20 Ultrasonic Study of some Organic Pathological Compounds 129-133 Kailash, S. K. Shrivastava & Jitendra Kumar 21 US-21 High Temperature Study of Anharmonic Properties of TeO 134-138 Kailash, Jitendra Kumar & Virendra kumar 22 US-22 Orientation Dependence of Ultrasonic Attenuation for Calcium Oxide 139-143 in High Temperature Range Kailash, S. K. Shrivastava & Jitendra Kumar 23 US-23 Molecular radii of Pyridine/quinoline with phenol in benzene using 144-149 acoustical methods at different temperatures Anjali Awasthi, Bhawana S. Tripathi, Rajiv K. Tripathi & Aashees Awasthi 24 US-24 Ultrasonic and theoretical study of binary mixture of DEHPA(Di-(2- 150-155 ethyl-hexyl) phosphoric acid) with n-hexane at different temperatures Sujata Mishra & Rita Paikaray 25 US-25 Acoustical Studies of Molecular Interactions in Binary Liquid System 156-163 of Cinnamaldehyde and N-N Dimethylaniline at 303 K Padmanabhan G, Kumar R, Jayakumar S & Kannappan V 26 US-26 Characterization of Nanofluid of Platinum 164-169 Virendra Kumar, Kailash and Jitendra Kumar 27 US-27 Ultrasonic Behaviour of Mixed Crystals 170-175 Virendra Kumar, Kailash and Bharat Singh 28 US-28 Temperature Dependence of Ultrasonic Attenuation in Strontium 176-181 Oxide Crystal Kailash, Virendra Kumar, and D.D. Gupta 29 US-29 Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Refractory Materials 182-188 Devraj Singh , P. K. Yadawa, Ravi S. Singh and S. K. Sahu 30 US-30 Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in II-VI Hexagonal Semiconductor 189-200 6 | P a ge Compounds Pramod Kumar Yadawa & Devraj Singh 31 US-31 Sound Velocity And Density Studies To Find The Effect of PEG on 201-208 Aqueous Anionic Surfactant (SDS) S. CHAUHAN, M.S. CHAUHAN & R.S. THAKUR 7 | P a ge VELOCITY AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BINARY LIQUID MIXTURES OF METHONOL, ETHANOL WITH ETHYLACETOACTATE AS COMMON SOLVENT # P. Paul Divakar *, A.S. Madhusudanacharyulu* and Mrs. K. Samatha * Research Scholars, Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam – 530 003 # Professor, Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam – 530 003 email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Ultrasonic velocity(U), density(ρ) and viscosity(η) measurements were made in two binary liquid mixtures for methanol and ethanol with ethylacetoacetate as a common solvent at 303, 308, 313 and 318 K with increasing mole fraction of ethylacetoacetate using single crystal variable path ultrasonic interferometer at 2 MHz frequency. The experimental data have been used to calculate adiabatic compressibility, inter molecular free length, free volume, internal pressure, molar volume and enthalpy. The excess values of the above parameters have been evaluated and discussed in the light of molecular interactions. KEYWORDS: Adiabatic compressibility, Inter molecular free length, Free volume, Internal pressure, Molar volume and Enthalpy. INTRODUCTION: The ultrasonic velocity measurements are very important and playing vital role not only in characterizing the behaviour of liquid mixtures but also in the study of molecular interactions. In recent times ultrasonic velocity has been adequately employed in understanding the nature of molecular interaction in pure liquidsand binary mixtures. Most of the work on binary mixtures is channelized towards the estimation of thermodynamic parameters like adiabatic compressibility, free length etc., and their excess values so as to relate them towards explaining the molecular interactions and hydrogen bonding taking place between the components of the binary liquid mixtures [1-5]. 8 | P a ge The present study involves the binary mixtures of methanol and ethanol with ethylacetoacetate of various mole fractions at four different temperatures 303, 308, 313, 318 K. The excess values of some acoustical and thermo dynamical parameters have been calculated from the experimentally measured values i.e., ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity of the mixtures. The excess values are made to use for the explanation of the intermolecular interactions, intramolecular interactions and also hydrogen bonding. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS: The chemicals used in the present work are AR grade of purity 99% from E- Merck. The densities and viscosities were measured and compared at the working temperature with the corresponding literature values. Speeds of sound measurement were made with a single crystal variable path ultrasonic interferometer (Model F-81; Mittal enterprises) at 2 MHz frequency with an accuracy of ±0.01%. The densities were measured using specific gravity bottles by relative measurement method with accuracy of ±0.01kg/m. The weight of the samples were measured using a single pan balance (electronic, Keroy). An Oswald viscometer (5ml) was used for the viscosity measurements and efflux time was determined using a conventional stop-watch. A constant temperature bath has been used to circulate water through the measuring cell made-up of steel containing the experimental liquid at the desired temperature with an accuracy of ±0.1K. THEORY AND CALCULATIONS Various Physical and thermo dynamical parameters are calculated. (1) Adiabatic Compressibility β = 1/(ρU2) cm2 / dyne ad (2) Intermolecular free length L = k( β )1/2 A0 f ad –6 –6 –6 where k is a temperature dependent constant. Its values are 627×10 , 631.5×10 , 636×10 and –6 640.5×10 respectively at 303, 308, 313 and 318K. (3) Molar volume V = M /ρ cm3 / mole eff eff where M is the molecular weight of the mixture in which M = ∑ m x eff eff i i where m and x are the molecular weight and the mole fraction of the individual constituents i i respectively. (4) Internal Pressure Π = bRT (Kη/U)1/2 [ (ρ)2/3 / (M )7/6] dynes / cm2 i eff where b is the cubic packing which is assumed to be 2 for all liquids and solutions, η is the viscosity, R is a gas constant and T absolute temperature K is the temperature dependent constant is equal to 4.28 X109 for all liquids. 9 | P a ge (5) Free volume V = ( M U / Kη )3/2 cm3 / mole f eff (6) Enthalpy H = ΠV cal / mole i Excess values of the above parameters can be evaluated using AE = A - A exp id Where A = ∑ A x where A is any acoustical parameter and x is the mole fraction of the liquid id i i i i component. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The experimental values of ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity for the two binary liquid systems at 303, 308, 313 and 318K are given in Table 1. The excess values of acoustical and thermo dynamical parameters are presented in tables 2-3. Table 1 : Values of Ultrasonic Velocity(U), Density (ρ ) and viscosity(η ) for mole fraction X of ethylacetoacetate System I : Methanol +Ethylacetoacetate X U x 104 cm/sec ρ x 103 gr/cm3 η centi poise 303K 308K 313K 318K 303K 308K 313K 318K 303K 308K 313K 318K 0.0000 1088.5 1070.3 1055.30 1034.20 0.7809 0.7709 0.7656 0.7605 0.4968 0.4747 0.4478 0.4236 0.0381 1097.8 1081.6 1067.85 1048.26 0.8224 0.7976 0.7931 0.7881 0.5548 0.5124 0.4756 0.4548 0.0818 1108.6 1092.4 1080.52 1061.17 0.8650 0.8228 0.8181 0.8127 0.6140 0.5571 0.5110 0.4889 0.1324 1120.9 1105.9 1093.32 1074.63 0.9083 0.8471 0.8418 0.8358 0.6692 0.6073 0.5481 0.5275 0.1919 1135.3 1119.9 1107.53 1089.20 0.9502 0.8704 0.8650 0.8583 0.7239 0.6617 0.5940 0.5709 0.2626 1151.1 1135.6 1123.13 1105.43 0.9900 0.8929 0.8870 0.8795 0.7796 0.7190 0.6411 0.6181 0.3482 1168.2 1152.2 1139.68 1123.34 1.0281 0.9138 0.9075 0.8994 0.8383 0.7726 0.6940 0.6681 0.4539 1188.9 1172.8 1159.75 1143.01 1.0621 0.9340 0.9273 0.9184 0.9019 0.8251 0.7420 0.7200 0.5876 1215.6 1199.7 1186.15 1169.69 1.0914 0.9543 0.9470 0.9373 0.9704 0.8791 0.7928 0.7668 0.7622 1251.6 1235.7 1221.24 1204.98 1.1131 0.9750 0.9670 0.9562 1.0480 0.9416 0.8540 0.8083 1.0000 1303.0 1286.1 1270.00 1253.00 1.1298 0.9960 0.9870 0.9750 1.1391 1.0192 0.9250 0.8443 System II : Ethanol + Ethylacetoactate X 303K 308K 313K 318K 303K 308K 313K 318K 303K 308K 313K 318K 0.0000 1132.1 1116.2 1098.5 1080.8 0.7806 0.7763 0.7718 0.7676 0.9856 0.8970 0.8299 0.7670 0.0539 1141.9 1142.0 1144.6 1132.0 0.8199 0.8073 0.8037 0.7998 1.0025 0.9090 0.8389 0.7750 0.1135 1152.7 1153.0 1172.0 1160.9 0.8587 0.8370 0.8334 0.8285 1.0189 0.9222 0.8530 0.7839 0.1180 1164.8 1169.0 1194.4 1181.0 0.8978 0.8653 0.8610 0.8567 1.0366 0.9366 0.8643 0.7951 0.2546 1178.1 1184.0 1212.8 1197.4 0.9373 0.8932 0.8871 0.8826 1.0540 0.9531 0.8783 0.8072 0.3387 1193.2 1195.0 1225.0 1209.9 0.9769 0.9192 0.9124 0.9067 1.0692 0.9685 0.8911 0.8208 0.4345 1210.3 1211.0 1236.0 1220.0 1.0157 0.9424 0.9360 0.9297 1.0816 0,9761 0,8964 0.8243 0.5445 1229.4 1235.0 1245.1 1231.0 1.0522 0.9630 0.9577 0.9499 1.0936 0.9843 0.9020 0.8276 0.6720 1250.4 1255.0 1252.0 1238.7 1.0828 0.9785 0.9720 0.9629 1.1076 0.9949 0.9075 0.8313 0.8218 1274.6 1267.0 1260.8 1247.3 1.1082 0.9902 0.9819 0.9719 1.1230 1.0058 0.9156 0.8373 1.0000 1303.0 1286.0 1270.0 1253.0 1.1298 0.9960 0.9870 0.9750 1.1391 1.0192 0.9250 0.8443 10 | P a ge
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