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Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. USDA National Potato Germplasm United States Department of Agriculture and Evaluation Agricultural Research Service Enhancement ARS-152 Report, 1998 August 999 1 Sixty-Ninth Annual Report by Cooperators o O --Oo' -O 1 !— :*=- n C-- Sc cr> ro ,ovOo') ~o CD r-> > s c5 c1m, yo O o yo --- -< 3-o t/) United States National Potato Department of Agriculture Germplasm Agricultural Research Service and Evaluation ARS-152 August 1999 Enhancement Report, 1998 Sixty-Ninth Annual Report by Cooperators Edited by Kathleen G. Haynes Vegetable Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture MD Beltsville, 20705 Haynes, Kathleen G. (ed.) 1999. National Potato While supplies last, single copies ofthis publication Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report: may be obtained at no cost from Kathleen G. Haynes, Sixty-Ninth Annual Report by Cooperators. U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Building Oil, Greenhouse 13, MD Department ofAgriculture, Agricultural Research BARC-West, Beltsville, 20705. Service, ARS-152, 175 pp. Copies ofthis publication may be purchased from the This progress report includes research results that have National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port VA not yet been peer reviewed. The findings, when Royal Road, Springfield, 22161; telephone (703) adequately confirmed, will be released through other 605-6000. appropriate channels. The United States Department ofAgriculture (USDA) To ensure timely distribution, this report was repro- prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activi- duced essentially as supplied by the authors. It re- ties on the basis ofrace, color, national origin, gender, ceived no publications editing and design. The au- religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual thors’ views are their own and do not necessarily orientation, and marital or familial status. (Not all reflect those ofthe U.S. Department ofAgriculture. prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for commu- Mention oftrade names in this publication is solely for nication ofprogram information (Braille, large print, the purpose ofproviding specific information and does audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). Department ofAgriculture over others not mentioned. To file a complaint, write USDA, Director, Office of This publication reports research involving pesticides. Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th It does not contain recommendations for their use nor and Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC does it imply that uses discussed here have been 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). registered. All uses ofpesticides must be registered by USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. appropriate state or Federal agencies or both before they can be recommended. Issued August 1999 Contents United States Department ofAgriculture, Nebraska 166 Beltsville, Maryland and Presque Isle, Maine.... 1 A.D. Pavlista K.G. Haynes, K. DeLong, D. Fleck, K. Frazier, M. Bragg, B. Adams, NewJersey 174 and C. Lagasse M.R. Henninger United States Department ofAgriculture, NewYork, Breeding 203 Madison, Wisconsin 14 R.L. Plaisted, B.B. Brodie, D.E. Halseth, R.E. Hanneman, Jr., M. Ramon, S.A. Slack, W.M. Tingey, and K.D. Paddock and J.C. Kuhl NewYork, Long Island 206 East Regional Potato Trials 22 J.B. Sieczka, D.M. Gergela, R.C. Neese, J.A. Sisson III and cooperators and D.D. Moyer North Central Regional Potato Trials 34 NewYork, Upstate 221 R. Novy, B. Farnsworth, M. Schwalbe, D.E. Halseth, W.L. Hymes, and R.L. MacLaury and cooperators North Carolina 241 Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial 48 G.C. Yencho and M.E. Clough J.C. Miller, Jr., J.W. Koym, D.C. Scheuring, R.E. Voss, H. Phillips, D. Kirby, D.G. Holm, North Dakota 273 J.D. Wick, and A. Thompson R. Novy, B. Farnsworth, M. Schwalbe, N. Balbyshev, N. Gudmestad, E. Holm, Western Regional Potato Variety Trial 56 J. Lorenzen, R. Lund, D. Preston, G. Secor, J.J. Pavek, D.L. Corsini, and cooperators J. Sowoskinos, B. Brummond, and M. Glynn Colorado 64 Ohio 289 D.G. Holm and F.G. Popiel M.A. Bennett, D.M. Kelly, E.C. Wittmeyer, E.M. Grassbaugh, and J.Y. Elliott Florida 66 D.P. Weingartner and J.M. White Ohio, Consumer Cooking Evaluations 306 W.D. Bash and G.L. Wenneker Idaho 70 S. Love, J. Pavek, D. Corsini, P. Bain, Oregon 320 M. Ruby, J. Stimpson, D. Inglis, A. Mosley, D. Hane, S. James, K. Rykbost, and A. Mosley C. Shock, S. Yilma, B. Charlton, E. Eldredge, and F. Boullester Maine 89 G.A. Porter, J.A. Sisson, B. Bradbury, Pennsylvania 333 B. MacFarline, and P. Wardwell B.J. Christ, M.W. Peck, and T.A. Young Maine, Breeding Ill Texas 337 A.F. Reeves, G.S. Grounds, and N. Huston J.C. Miller, Jr., D.C. Sheuring, and J.W. Koym Michigan 116 Virginia 345 D.S. Douches, R.W. Chase, K. Jastrzebski, S.B. Sterrett and C.P. Savage, Jr. R. Hammerschmidt, W. Kirk, C. Long, K. Walters, J. Coombs, and J. Greyerbiehl Wisconsin 358 H. Groza, B. Bowen, and J. Jiang Minnesota 133 C.A. Thill, R.L. Wenkel, D.K. Wildung, V.A. Fritz, N.A. Anderson, R.K. Jones, J.S. Miller, D.W. Ragsdale, and E.B. Radcliffe iii I I United States Department ofAgriculture, Beltsville weight in airandweight in watermethod, andthe ten Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, largesttubers from each plotwere cutto determine and Presque Isle, Maine the presence ofhollow heart. Tubersamples were stored at40°F, 45°F, and 50°F. Tubers were K.G. Haynes, K. DeLong, D. Fleck, K. Frazier, M. processed outof40°F, 45°F, and 50°F, and following Bragg, B. Adams, and C. Lagasse athree week reconditioning period of70°F from 40°F storage duringJanuary and February forthe round Objectives: The USDA potato breedingprogram at white and russettrials, with the exception ofthe first Beltsville has fourmain objectives: (1) to develop round white trial which was inadvertently processed improvedpest-resistant germplasm and varieties; (2) afteronly 13 days ofreconditioning in January. to develop improved germplasm and varieties for Selections in the specialtymarkettrial were processing; (3) to enhance germplasm forspecific processed out of50°F on December 7, 1998. For characteristics relatingto pest resistance, yield, each combination oftemperature and processing environmental stress, human nutrition and consumer date, five tubers from each plot were processed (20 acceptance; and, (4) to develop statistical genetic samplesperclone). models for some ofthe new breeding strategies. Tubersamples from all yield trials except the russets Breeding: Hybridizations in the greenhouse at were processed into potato chips bytaking 1/16-inch BARC in early 1998 were made amonground, white- slices from the cross section ofeach tuber. Slices skinned tetraploidS. tuberosum selections and were rinsed in waterand placedon papertowels to varieties with eitherprocessing orfresh market remove excess moisture. Chips were then fried at potential and resistance to late blight, early blight, or 340°F in Primex vegetable shortening until bubbling bacterial wilt; betweenS. tuberosum selections andS. ceased. tuberosum-S. gourlayihybrids for leafroll resistance; andbetween S. tuberosum selections andS. Among the most advanced round, white-skinned tuberosum x S. phureja-S. stenotomum hybrids with selections in the program (BARC Table 1), BO178- high specific gravity. These resulted in 619 34, B0564-8, B0564-9, B0766-3 and B1240-1 show successful crosses. Hybridizations were made among promise forthe chipping industry. With the russet-skinnedS. tuberosum selections and varieties, exception ofB1240-1, which chipped satisfactorily resulting in 44 successful crosses. Hybridizations only out of50°F storage in January, all ofthese were made amongred-skinned and/oryellow-fleshed chipped satisfactorily out of45°F storage in selections and varieties ofS. tuberosum andS. February. Thetubersize distribution ofB0564-8 and tuberosum x5. phureja-S. stenotomum hybrids, B0564-9 was splitwith approximately halfofthe resulting in 96 successful crosses. Bulk pollinations distribution smallerthan 2.25 inches andhalflarger were made among the 72 most late blight resistantS. than 2.25 inches. The tuberdistribution ofB0766-3 phureja-S. stenotomum selections, and controlled and B1240-1 was splitwith approximately 68% crosses were also made between very resistant and largerthan 2.25 inches and 32% smallerthan 2.25 very susceptible selections, resulting in 137 inches. Atlantic hadthe highest specific gravity and successful crosses. In addition, crosses weremade the greatest incidence ofhollow heart. betweenS. phureja-S.stenotomum andS. tuberosum- S. tarijensehybrids forcoldchipping ability, Amongthe newerround, white-skinned selections in resulting in 48 successful crosses. the program (BARC Tables 2-5), B1414-6, B1415-7, B1429A-3, B1440-18, B1591-1, B1598-4, B1624- Yield and Processing Evaluations: Yield trials for 22 and B1625-8 chippedwell, but were either round whites (BARC Tables 1-5), specialty market significantly loweryielding than Atlantic, orhad types (BARC Tables 6-7), and russets (BARC Table significantly lowerspecific gravity than Atlantic, or 8) were conducted at Echo Lake. These were planted both. in a randomized complete block design with four replications of25 hills on May 13, 1998. Plants were Amongthe specialty market selections in the spaced 9 inches within the row forall trials except program (BARC Tables 6-7), B081 1-4, B1 102-3, the russettrial, in which plants were spaced 12 inches B1145-2, B1491-5 and B1492-12 show promise for within the row. Afterharvest, tubers from each plot the red-skin creamermarketwith more than 75%of were graded, specific gravity was determined by the thetubers lessthan 2.25 inches. Tubers ofB1176-50 were particularly attractive, butthis selection has pink-skin. Three ofthe red-skinned selections had high specific gravity and chipped out of50°F storage in December: B081 1-4, B0984-1, and B1763-2. These may have some potential as roasters. Tuber samples from the russet yield trial were processed into french fries A 3/8- inch diameter plug was cut from the cross section ofeach tuber, rinsed, dried, and fried at 365°F for five minutes. Amongthe russet selections in the program (BARC Table 8), B9922-11 is still the best russet in ourtests. The marketable yield ofB9922-1 1 exceeded Russet Burbank this yearby 1 10 cwt/A; the specific gravity was higher, and the fry colorwas lighterthan Russet Burbank. It also produced largertubers than Russet Burbank andthe russettingofthe skin was much more attractive than Russet Burbank. This selection is being named AMEY and will be released in early 1999. Tubers ofAmey and B1463-1 were the most attractive among the russets this year. B1463-1 has oblong-longtubers that processed well outofstorage into February, however, short dormancy may be a problem for long term storage.