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Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. United States National Potato Departmentof Agriculture Germplasm Agricultural Evaluation Research Service Beltsville Agricultural and Enhancement Research Center Beltsville, Maryland July 1992 Report, 1991 Sixty-Second Annual Report by Cooperators This progress report includes tentative results of research not sufficiently complete to justify general release. Such findings, when adequately confirmed, will be released promptly through established channels. Therefore, this report is not intended for publication and should not be referred to in literature citations. Disclaimer Trade names are used in this publication only to provide specific information. Their use does not constitute a guarantee of the products names and does not signify that they are approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of others of suitable composition. Precautions This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, : desirable plants, and fish, or other wildlife-if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal ofsurplus pesticides and pesticide containers. United States National Potato Department of Germplasm Evaluation Agriculture and Enhancement Report, 15>91 Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Beltsville, Maryland June 1992 Sixty-Second Annual Report by Cooperators Compiled and Edited by Kathleen G. Haynes Vegetable Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville, Maryland TABLE OF CONTENTS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1 K. G. Haynes, R. W. Goth, and D. R. Wilson INTER-REGIONAL POTATO INTRODUCTION PROJECT (IR-1) 25 J. B, Bamberg USDA, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, MADISON, WISCONSIN 29 R. E. Hanneman, Jr. and D. M. Spooner NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL POTATO TRIALS 37 R. H. Johansen and Cooperators WESTERN REGIONAL POTATO TRIALS 50 J. J. Pavek, D. L. Corsini, and Cooperators COLORADO 58 D. G. Holm FLORIDA 67 J. R Shumaker, D. P. Weingartner, and S. Molnar MAINE G. A. Porter, J. A. Sisson, and B. MacFarline 75 A. F. Reeves, R. B. Long, G. S. Grounds, and A. A. Davis 91 MICHIGAN 97 R. W. Chase, D. S. Douches, J. Cash, R. Hammerschmidt, K. Jastrezebski, R. Leep, and R. B. Kitchen NEBRASKA 107 A. D. Pavlista NEW YORK (LONG ISLAND) 1 17 J. B. Sieczka, J. M. Kossowski, D. D. Moyer, and R. C. Neese NEW YORK (UPSTATE) D. E. Halseth, W. L. Hymes, and R. W. Porter 132 R. L. Plaisted, B. B. Brodie, D. E. Halseth, S. S. Slack, and W. M. Tingey 146 iii NORTH CAROLINA 150 M. J. Wannamaker and W. W. Collins NORTH DAKOTA 160 R. H. Johansen, B. Farnsworth, G. Secor, and D. Ronis OHIO 169 M. A. Bennett, E. M. Grassbaugh, J. Elliott, D. M. Kelly, R. L. Hassell, R. C. Rowe, and E. C. Wittmeyer TEXAS 185 I. C. Miller, Jr., and D. G. Smallwood VIRGINIA 192 S. B. Sterrett and C. P. Savage, Jr. WISCONSIN 199 J. B. Bamberg, J. P. Palta, L. A. Peterson, M. Martin, and A. R Krueger CALIFORNIA 200 R. E. Voss, K. L. Brittan, J. Guerard, H. Carlson, R. H. Johansen, and J. J. Pavek NEW JERSEY 207 M. R. Henninger IDAHO 225 S. Love, A. Thompson-Johns, J. Pavek, D. Corsini 1 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER (BARC), BELTSVILLE, MARYLAND, AND CHAPMAN, ECHO LAKE, AND AROOSTOOK FARMS, PRESQUE ISLE, MAINE K.G. HAYNES, R.W. GOTH, and D.R. WILSON Introduction Objectives The USDA potato breeding program at Beltsville has four main : objectives: (1) to develop improved pest-resistant germplasm lines and varieties; (2) to develop improved germplasm lines and varieties for processing directly out ofcold storage; (3) to enhance germplasm for specific characteristics relating to pest resistance, yield, environmental stress, human nutrition and consumer acceptance; and (4) to develop statistical genetic models for some of the new breeding strategies. Breeding BARC Hybridizations in the greenhouse at BARC in early 1991 were made : among tetraploid clonal material possessing resistance to scab, late blight, heat necrosis, and PVS; high quality; processing and fresh market potential; yellow flesh; and adaptability to various ecological test zones. Three hundred and fourteen crosses were successful. Hybridizations among diploid clonal material were made for yield, specific gravity and yellow flesh. Four hundred and sixteen crosses were successful. Interploidy hybrids were made between the tetraploid and diploid populations for yield, specific gravity and yellow flesh. Eighty-two crosses were successful. Approximately 20,600 seedling tubers were produced from 102 parental combinations in the tetraploid population. All seedling tubers were grown on the Chapman Farm. Disease AroostookFarm Preliminary and advanced trials were conducted on breeding : Evaluations clones and varieties for resistance to scab, early blight, late blight, leafroll, Verticillium and Rhizoctonia. Dr. Simeon Leach of Maine continued to evaluate some of our germplasm for resistance to Fusarium and Rhizoctonia. Dr. Bill Brodie of New York continued to evaluate our germplasm for resistance to the golden nematode. Scab Seventeen advanced selections and four standard varieties were : evaluated for the fourth year in one advanced trial. Scab resistance in BO184- 30, B0186-3, B0180-31, B0186-1 and B0221-6 continues to look promising. Thirteen advanced breeding lines in the final stages ofvarietal evaluation were evaluated in a second advanced trial for scab resistance. Of these, B9922-1 and B0175-20 had moderate levels of resistance equal to Russet Burbank. B0178-34 and B0256-1 were as susceptible as Green Mountain. Forty-five selections were evaluated in a preliminary trial. Ofthese, B0610-2, B0615-2, and B0808-3 were the most resistant. Seventeen diploid selections were tested in a preliminary trial. No scab lesions were found on 7 of these selections; four were as susceptible as Green Mountain. 1 Verticillium One thousand three hundred and thirty-two lines and their : parents were evaluated for Verticillium wilt and pinkeye in the heritability study. Early blight Ninety-two breeding lines and four standard varieties were : evaluated in the early blight plot. All breeding lines were more tolerant to early blight than Kennebec. Late blight: Seventy-eight lines were evaluated in the late blight plot. B0692- 4, B0711-1, BOV18-3, B0748-1F, B0750-1, B0767-2F, B08Q1-1, B0807-2, and B0807-3 had a level of resistance greater than or equal to Atzimba. Of these, B0692-4 and B0750-1 were among the better yielding, higher specific gravity lines tested. Processing Echo Lake Round white (Tables 1-6), russet (Tables 7-9) and red-skin (Table : Evaluations 10) yield trials were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of 25 hill plots at Echo Lake in May. Plants were spaced at 9 inches within the row in the round whites and reds, and at 12 inches in the russets. At harvest tubers from each plot were graded, specific gravity was determined by the weight in air and weight in water method, and a sample of tubers was cut to determine the presence ofhollow heart and internal necrosis. Yields were low due to extreme heat and drought during the growing season. Tuber samples were stored at 40°F, 45°F, and 50°F. Samples were processed out of 40°F, 45°F, 50°F, and following a three week reconditioning period out of 40°F during January and February. For each combination of storage temperature and processing date, 10 tubers per sample from each plot were cooked (40 samples per clone). Potato chips were made from each round white and red sample by taking 1/16-inch slices from cross and lengthwise sections ofeach tuber. Lengthwise chips were used to detect possible increase in reducing sugars, particularly near the stem end. Slices were rinsed in water and placed on paper towels to remove excess moisture. Chips were then fried at 340°F in Primex vegetable shortening until bubbling ceased. The yield, specific gravity, and chip color out of 50°F storage in January of B9792-8B, B9792-158, B0172-22, B0176-24, and B0178-34 continue to compare favorably to the yield, specific gravity and chip color of Atlantic. The yield and specific gravity of B0256-1 and B0257-12 continue to compare favorably to the yield and specific gravity of Atlantic. However, these lines are primarily for chipping from the field. Heat necrosis was a problem this year in B0172-22, B0176-24 and in B0178-34, undoubtedly because of the high temperatures during the growing season. It has not been a problem in these lines prior to this year. Of four new lines with the yield and specific gravity of Atlantic this year (B0554-1, B0585-1, B0682-6, B0717-1) only BOV17-1 appears to have cold storage chipping potential. 2