National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management

80 Pages·2013·3.4 MB·English

dm{fˆH Ó{VdoXZ
AnnualReport
dm{fˆH Ó{VdoXZ 2012-13
Annual Report
2012-13
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National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
Malegaon, Baramati - 413 115, Pune, Maharashtra, India
AnnualReport(2012-13).NationalInstituteofAbioticStressManagement,Malegaon,
Baramati-413115,Pune,Maharashtra,India,p.80.
May2013 ›Bˆ #!"$
Publishedby ÓHmeH
Director,NIASM {ZXoeH6 amAÓg
EditedandCompiledby gœnmXZ Edœ gœHbZ
P.S.Minhas nr8 Eg8 {_Ðhmg
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JagadishRane
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NaveenP.Singh
a¾Zm Hy›ma ngmbm
RatnaKumarPasala
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BabasahebB.Fand
C_mHmœV _m–`ˆ
UmakantMaurya
Photography&Art Nm™m{M¿ Edœ aoImœHZ
PravinMore Ó{dU ›moao
gœVmof ndma
SantoshPawar
Cover
Administrativeblock,developmentandresearchactivities
Printedat:
FlamingoBusinessSystems
19,LaxminagarCommercialComplexNo.1
ShahuCollegeRoad,Pune411009
020-24214636, Email:[email protected],[email protected]
Preface
NationalInstituteofAbioticStressManagement(NIASM)hasbeenestablished
to develop multidimensional research facilities for combating the escalating adverse
impacts of abiotic stresses and is a new hope for tomorrow’s sustainable agriculture dm{fˆH Ó{VdoXZ
AnnualReport
in the era of climate change. Though in its formative phase, it is getting oriented to
2012-13
exploreadaptationandmitigationoptionsofabioticstressors.
During this year, the institute continued to devote on the development of
infrastructurefacilitiesandstrengtheninghumanresourcestoaccomplishthetasksof
researchandeducation.Theconstructionofadministrativeblockisinfullswingand
residentialquartersarenearingcompletion.Theforemostachievementoftheyearhas
beenthedevelopmentofamajorpartofthesouthsidefarm(24ha)andinitiationof
multidisciplinaryexperimentsspecificallyontraitsandgenesassociatedwithdrought
andheattoleranceinwheat,soybeanandgreengram,crop-waterproductionfunctions
andtheinteractiveeffectsofbio-regulatorsandsoilfertilityetc.whileexperimentson
resource conservation technologies were initiated at the farm of Agricultural
Development Trust, Baramati and also on farmers' fields. The north farm (8 ha) has
also been terraced and establishment of horticultural plantations have been planned
for the coming monsoon season. The first patent has been filed for synthesis of
Rohu
bactericidal silver nano-particles from tissue extracts of while selected zeolites
were characterized for developing nano-particles. The other initiatives were on
polymorphism of heat shock protein genes among cattle breeds, development of
temperature-basedphenologymodelformealybug,rhizosphericmicrobestoenhance
droughttoleranceincropplants,unculturablemicrobialdiversityofsalinesoilsusing
metagenomics,useofintermediaryirrigationwaterforhapabasedfishculture,stress
responsive genes in fish, reproduction of Shingi under abiotic stress, NDVI based
mappingofdroughtstress,etc.
Toenhancethewaterresourceoftheinstitute,ameetingwasheldwithexperts
for augmenting and taping ground water. In addition, the institute actively
participated in regional stakeholders' meetings periodically organized at different
institutes.ScientistsincollaborationwithKVK,Baramatisurveyedthenearbytehsils
forassessingimpactofdrought.Toensurecomplementarities,theinstitutecontinued
toestablishlinkageswithnationalandregionalresearchinstitutes.
SincerethanksareduetothemembersofResearchAdvisoryCommittee(RAC)
and Institute Management Committee (IMC) for their valuable suggestions. I also
thankthemembersofthepublicationcommitteeledbyDr.J.Ranefortheireffortsto
compile this report. It is hoped that this report would be useful to different
stakeholdersincludingfarmers,scientistsandplanners.
Dated:May25,2013 (P.S.Minhas)
NIASM,Baramati Director

Contents
Hm™ˆHmar gmamœe
i
iii Executive Summary
1 1. Introduction
13 2. Research Highlights
36 3. Tribal Sub-Plan
39 4. Meetings
42 5. Awards and Recognitions
44 6. Linkages and Collaborations
45 7. Publications
49 8. Participation in Conferences / Workshops / Trainings
56 9. Distinguished Visitors
57 10. Celebrations
60 11. New Staff and Superannuation
61 12. Budget
62 13. Research Projects
64 14. Personnel
66 Appendix

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ii
Executive Summary
Though in its formative phase, the institute is getting oriented to explore adaptation
and mitigation options of abiotic stressors. The institute continued to devote on the
development of infrastructure facilities and strengthening human resources to dm{fˆH Ó{VdoXZ
AnnualReport
accomplish the tasks of research and education. The construction of boundary wall,
2012-13
administrative block and some of the residential quarters are progressing fast. The
foremost achievement of the year has been the development of a major part of the
south side farm (24 ha) from the rocky terrain and initiation of multidisciplinary
experiments.
With focus on genetic improvement for drought and heat tolerance in crops,
about 200 lines of wheat, 173 of soybean and 100 of green gram were collected and
evaluated.Atendencytostaycoolwasmonitoredinlocalcultivarsofwheatsuchas
HD2189,NIAW301andNIAW34.Eighteengenotypeshadhighergrainweightper
spike, 38 genotypes had more grains per spike, 44 more spikelet’s per spike and 35
genotypes had longer spikes than the local varieties. Latter had high expression of
DREB3 CBFIVa
droughtstressresponsivegenessuchas and .Apartialgenesequence
of an ADP ribosylation factor (ARF), associated with flower abscission, has been
successfully cloned and its characterization is being done. Out of 173 diverse
genotypesofsoybean,genotypeCAT2503producedbettergrainyieldthanthebest
localvariety. Outofthe270bacterialendophytesofdroughttolerantsorghum, four
+ve
isolates were detected as for all three traits of N-fixation, P-solubilisation and
siderophoreproduction.ThirteenendophyticisolateswereidentifiedasACCutilizers.
The PCR amplified full length ACC deaminase gene from two of the rhizosphere
fluorescentPseudomonadswerecloned.Amultidisciplinaryteamvisited11villages
ofsixtehsilsinandaroundBaramatiandcollectedpreliminaryinformationonimpact
ofprevailingdroughtonfoodandhorticulturalcropsandlivestock.
Among the different options tried for trash management in ratoon sugarcane,
the application of N through either fertigation or crowbar tool improved the N-use
vis-a-vis
efficiency productivity. Surface retention of either chopped or unchopped
trashimprovedthecaneyieldsbyabout14percentoverthefarmer’spracticewhile
Trichoderma
its faster decomposition using farm yard slurry or further improved the
caneyieldby16-19percent.Anewoffbarring-cumfertilizerdrillmachinehasbeen
developed and results of its initial demonstrations at farmer’s fields are very
encouraging. Linesourcesprinklerirrigationsystemswerefabricatedandutilisedto
developwaterproductionfunctioninwheatandtheirinteractionswithbioregulators
andsoilfertility.Thioureahasbeenidentifiedtoholdpotentialtoalleviatetheimpact
ofwaterstress. Sincetheimpactofspentwashinfasterdisintegrationwasvisualised
during its field application in farm development, studies have been initiated to
evaluatetheimpactofspentwashandcroppingsystemsondevelopmentofsoilsfrom
murrum where different annual and perennial crops leaving differential above and
below ground organics are being tried on long term basis both under irrigated and
rainfedsituations.
iii
Analysisofrainfallprobabilityanddroughtbasedondatarecordedduring1986-
2011revealedthatsixoutof26yearsexperiencedannualrainfalldeficitof25percent
ormoreandmetthecriteriaofmeteorologicaldroughtwhileagriculturaldroughtin
kharif
the occurredduringlast18yearsinBaramatiregion.ExpressionofHeatShock
Protein (Hsp) genes associated with thermal stress tolerance was observed in local
cattle breeds. A temperature-based phenology model revealed that 25-35°C favours
maximum reproductive potential and shorter generation time of mealybug, a
polyphaguspest,whichisamajorthreattomanycropplantsinthecontextofclimate
changescenarios.
Silver ions could be exchanged predominantly with Ca to an extent of 88 per
cent in zeolites like in apophyllite, heulandite, stellerite and stilbite. Aquaculture
techniques using hapas have been standardized to rear fish in farm ponds and thus
ensuring value addition to irrigation water. Development of nano-technological
approach to alleviate impact of temperature stress in fish was another important
highlightofresearchandthefirstpatenthasbeenfiledfromtheinstituteonsynthesis
Rohu
of bactericidal silver nano-particles from tissue extracts of . In addition,
expressions of more than eight thermal stress responsive genes in fish have been
studiedinrohufish. NDVIbasedmappingofdroughtstressonthebasisofcomposite
MODIS-Terra data and the crop related data from governmental agencies was
attemptedforthemostaffecteddistrictofAnantpurinAndhraPradesh. Theinitiative
indicates that NDVI can be used for identifying the drought and other stressors and
dataisbeingfurtherprocessedtogenerateprecisedroughtandedaphicstressmapof
thegivenregion.TSPprogrammeisbeingimplementedinfivevillagesofNandurbar
district where large number of farmers were benefitted from awareness visits and
trainingsorganised,creationofdiscussionforumandimplementbanks.
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iv