National Geographic [March 2015]

144 Pages·035.064 MB·English

by  National Geographic

Syrian Refugees: Flight Into the Unknown
MARCH 2015
THE
C L I M AT E C H A N G E D O E S N O T E X I S T
WAR
E V O L U T I O N N E V E R H A P P E N E D
T H E M O O N L A N D I N G W A S FA K E
ON
V A C C I N AT I O N S C A N L E A D T O A U T I S M
G E N E T I C A L LY M O D I F I E D F O O D I S E V I L
SCIENCE
A WORKER ADJUSTS A DIORAMA
OF A MOON LANDING AT THE
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER

MARCH 2015
VOL. 227 • NO. 3
A 12-year-old Syrian
girl holds her weeks-old
sister amid the tents of
a camp in Nizip, Turkey,
that is home to some
11,000 refugees.
48 Fleeing Terror, Finding Refuge
During his Out of Eden Walk, the author encounters “a vast panorama of mass
homelessness”—throngs of desperate refugees escaping war-torn Syria.
By Paul Salopek Photographs by John Stanmeyer
30 72 8 8
The Age of Disbelief Luminous Life Two Cities, Two Europes
It’s a phenomenon as old as More than four-fifths of Earth’s The euro crisis cast two world
Galileo. Scientists state truths organisms known to make light capitals in opposing roles—Berlin
and offer evidence, yet many live in the ocean. Their glowing the lender, Athens the borrower—
of us remain unconvinced. existence has perks and pitfalls. with each resenting the other.
By Joel Achenbach By Olivia Judson By Adam Nicolson
Photographs by Richard Barnes Photographs by David Liittschwager Photographs by Gerd Ludwig
and Alex Majoli
122 Proof | End of the Earth On the Cover U.S. moon landings: real, or fabricated like this exhibit at
One man embraces the “polished white Florida’s Kennedy Space Center? Whether astronauts walked on the moon
emptiness” of the Greenland ice sheet. is one topic among science doubters. Photograph by Richard Barnes
By Murray Fredericks Corrections and Clarifications Go to ngm.com/more.
OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
FROM THE EDITOR
Syrian Refugees
The Refugee’s Voice
Botol lives in Şanlıurfa, a dusty town in southern Turkey that is the reputed
birthplace of Abraham. Urfa, as it is known, had been famed for drawing
thousands of religious pilgrims to the cave where the prophet was suppos-
edly born. Now the town is filled with 150,000 people who, like Botol, are
seeking salvation of a different sort.
Botol is from Syria. Her husband fought against the Bashar al Assad
regime in that country’s ongoing civil war. More than a year ago he disap-
peared. Maybe the government arrested him, she
says. Maybe it was the Islamic State (IS) militants.
She believes he is dead.
She fears for her children back home, especially
her eldest son, 19. “They are cutting heads in the
streets,” she said recently, through a translator. This
is why Botol and about a million and a half other Syr-
ian refugees have scattered across Turkey, fleeing the
horrors of a bloody war and IS terrorists. As I write
this, more people surge across the border every day
and are crammed into refugee camps and Turkish
cities, where their growing numbers cause resent-
ment and unease among locals.
“There is no Syria anymore,” Botol said. “No
husband, no house.” She will stay here. “Safety and
security are most important.” She shares three spot-
less rooms with 15 other Syrian refugees, seven of
them children. There is no furniture. Mattresses and
rugs serve as seats. The kitchen consists of a sink, a hot plate, and a large
A Syrian family electric pan to make flatbread. We retreated there to talk because Botol,
find shelter at
out of modesty, would not speak in front of my colleague, Paul Salopek.
an abandoned
gas station in Paul is on a seven-year journey on foot. He literally walked smack into this
Suruç, Turkey. humanitarian crisis. Turkey has been so flooded by Syrian refugees that he
They fled and photographer John Stanmeyer stopped to chronicle the diaspora for
Islamic State
this issue.
militants.
Botol won’t talk to Paul, but the other women in the house—Aklas, Reem,
and Hella—will. Their words spill out in a chaos of conflicting emotions,
unimaginable losses, and palpable relief.
Botol speaks for them all. “Thank God I am here,” she said. “Syria is not
a good place anymore. But this is an unbearable life. Very difficult. Very
hard. And it won’t get better, because once you lose something, you can’t
get it back.’’
There were 51 million forcibly displaced people around the world in 2013,
a UN report says—the largest number since the end of World War II. They
are, like Botol, refugees of conflict. It is important that we hear their stories.
Susan Goldberg, Editor in Chief
PHOTO: JOHN STANMEYER

chief content officer Chris Johns president and ceo Gary E. Knell
editor in chief Susan Goldberg IInllsupmirien a stcei e mncede iaa:n dD eecxplalno rMatoioonre: T erry D. Garcia
managing editor: David Brindley. executive editor environment: Dennis R. Dimick. Teach education: Melina Gerosa Bellows
director of photography: Sarah Leen. executive editor news and features: David Lindsey. executive management
executive editor special projects: Bill Marr. executive editor science: Jamie Shreeve. executive legal and international publishing: Terry Adamson
editor cartography, art and graphics: Kaitlin M. Yarnall chief of staff: Tara Bunch
nZKBHweaorraiwcaicrttknsheigo r/,C afwsRenl:aio at CzrStbk.uahe erHrerodteao lisKit,nw ouDedarn airsAgzdn:lii eg,itPe xa,Jla alaGSt nnrntliedoecene inwaJnre, .s E ,ODL dDdeoemiaernlan,eo nB CcnVdetdae,ol sttrOh,gr, yJa:lEi vonDNreeiokaerl,a nw PKA EamG.. nyBRialnggon.ee ou,W.l fh rCfwn.ai lhelrsuiar,ihpti msJoett,rrris. n,Pst, a :C-eC fJtNhaeoeiutrprrh en GmeBme rwzrdiyno,ii n erwBL, e anZeJcu,ruo tlriRconhako,n r Peb C:Hr aeMmhrorkrtaaei esDrnftrgf,i.ern aaRlce,rp oea WeDntc rteheG, rnleCl.i’d lbA yuynm ttihonirgae , TGish eaeo g gNlroaabtpiaohln incao lS nopcroiefitty ccntobaooogple mnaesrrtnmtaedtuutn dinaotoiin:ofnc d Cssat t::rhd iBoTuirvirnssreaost rcJoe:s ioeekBitsh eyeAn :tR. st Ty Wu hnHoinnumebdtiagstesole nAr . Sabló
Gorney, Peter Hessler, Jennifer S. Holland, Mark Jenkins, Peter Miller, David Quammen. special membership chairman: John Fahey
investigations: Bryan Christy. administration: Ashleigh N. DeLuca, Becky Little organization. We Dawn L. Arnall, Wanda M. Austin, Michael R.
EpeMMKLRdhyleoiicizncotnwPanhotjibee oa rJYlaeegslo,akt:l r hhm J.NaK nadKpaiakscihggrtoehihysui not yRtca,,l ds hluMPS.e it .iahapoms ruuetdraaialrtgig effnNyohif n Qtri (dcgdNpsuik:h, ra maloEeEetrautncdlrenoir,tewan agoCrla,ag rr Ho rJeaS:drrep isyK h:shSt eesRoeEavirnrleimiceysz G)hiW:aku, abReoeKerie,ledgu,n t JbserhEdte,er ev. GnMc Barb.ncrn ruuapaiaa tshdW cnTHioynhu i.tSalel rdeoplnskeerh see ,er(o .rrSdM m rtpiycotaha.io genorarkrnatd: acogm TpAe ehiehn)dri;nyei :rsgK isatfJisirnenemelae nnClt enHoi.roo ywuirnan Tebs:kg sr:blA:u ee DacDnayr.aarnda vecnav,id ho diTdLie.t o u GrosMdk:reu daanM t acttiJotehasa rner,lm y fwaMpe rehsledgs,ol ee,ot :rdo, y ieistnleltxusoapmprclioiheirner.saa ,t ttahieonr ontdhu,, r goahluw gahy s, BEWLGPRWaleoyeloiegltanolleriosna,srr tgmm,i Reg HeJnona .rRcM.gso ,R.rie rn ouBeaHrofñ, .vt Aa, oJe Fr.Jzenv raE,aa,e nnnRnyEe,cr ed Ni GicgLsw.o ua SMaC,rb ryaGaudc usErhi llpPbe e.I. h,eIn K, Ry rAcnT,to o leeePMs,dlx alk,.N a t iW,MGrni giJcdaraerokri.rtla, s it FaM, vF. G eTEroNerrn.road orocsieosrvy,r,n e i cRankn.o ,Jr .
education foundation board of governors
d(Ceasrigtong/raarpth yd)e, sFigernn adnirdeoc tGo.r B: aDpatvisidta W, Jheitrmomoree N. s. eCnoioork gsoranp, hVicirsg inediait Wor. sM: aMsaornti,n R Gyaamn aMcohrer is, chairman: Gary E. Knell
Gus Platis, Alexander Stegmaier, John Tomanio, Jason Treat, Matthew Twombly. senior design vice chairman: Patrick F. Noonan
editors: John Baxter, Elaine H. Bradley, Hannah Tak. researcher: Kelsey Nowakowski. graphic Brendan P. Bechtel, Jack Dangermond, John
design specialists: Scott Burkhard, Betty Clayman-DeAtley, Emily M Eng, Lauren E. James, Fahey, Gilbert M. Grosvenor, Marillyn Hewson,
Sandi Owatverot-Nuzzo, Daniela Santamarina. administration: Cinde Reichard Charles O. Holliday, Jr., Lyle Logan, Julie A. McGee,
William K. Reilly, Anthony A. Williams
ccooppyy /erdeistoearrs:c hK itdrye pKurtayu smea, nCaignidnyg L eeditintoerr, :M Aamryy BKeotlhc zOaekl.k reerss-eKaerecgha dni,r Leecatnonre: ASluiclleiv San. .J ones. international council of advisors
researchers: Christy Ullrich Barcus, Nora Gallagher, David A. Lande, Taryn L. Salinas, Heidi Darlene T. Anderson, Michael S. Anderson, Sarah
Schultz, Brad Scriber, Elizabeth Snodgrass. production: Sandra Dane. administration: Argyropoulos, Dawn L. Arnall, Lucy and Henry
Jacqueline Rowe Billingsley, Richard C. Blum, Sheila and Michael
Bonsignore, Diane and Hal Brierley, Pete Briger, Pat
administration assistant to chief content officer: Karen Dufort Sligh. assistant to editor in and Keith Campbell, Jean and Steve Case, Alice
chief: Lindsay N. Smith. scheduling: Carol L. Dumont. finance: Nikisha Long; Laura Flanagan, and David Court, Barbara and Steve Durham,
Emily Tye. pre-production: Cole Ingraham Roger A. Enrico, Juliet C. Folger, Michael J.
Fourticq, Warren H. Haruki, Astrid and Per
communications vice presidents: Beth Foster, Mary Jeanne Jacobsen; Anna Kukelhaus Dynan. Heidenreich, Joan and David Hill, Lyda Hill,
national geographic creative senior vice president: Maura A. Mulvihill; Betty Behnke, Mimi David H. Koch, Iara Lee, Deborah M. Lehr, Sven
Dornack, Alice Keating, William D. Perry. library director: Barbara Penfold Ferry; Elaine Lindblad, Juli and Tom Lindquist, Jho Low, Bruce
Donnelly, Margaret V. Turqman. publishing systems vice president: Dave E. Smith. senior Ludwig, Claudia Madrazo de Hernández, Anar
project manager: Gina L. Cicotello. systems administrators: Patrick Twomey; Robert Giroux, Mammadov, David P. Margulies, Pamela Mars
Casey Jensen Wright, Randall Mays, Edith McBean, Susan and
pTrhoodmuacst iJo.n C srearigv;i cNeesa ls Eendiwora rvdisc,e J parmeessid Pe.n Fta: yP, hGillriepg Lo.r yS cWh.l oLsusceer., iAmnang iMnga rvieic Pe eplrisehs,i dSetnetp:h en L. CMroagiga MIIIc, CMaawrk, MC.e Mngo oMrien,g Pfeeia, rMl aanryd aSnedy mGroeugro ry M.
RRadoevibceirhntesirsotinsn..g dq piusratolrdiitubycu tttiieoocnnh: nvKiiccriaesl tp indr ierSseeicdmteonertn::i uMCkliacyhtaoenl RSw. Baurrr. nbeusstionne;s Ms imcahgaaezl iGne. Ldiarpepctino,r W: Gilliraemg SDt.o rer. MPRSiaoloingsstkika,i o,nH wJ,u rMi.gt,z oaJ, reTSka ihmPnonronuitegzh a,ay nJ nSsidllk. aiTN,n oGadmsa hR yR,li ecuC htaahanreryddrlf oEDSodi.d rwPdeha,m irVldaipicn sPt,,.o LCreiarka higa
Singh, Jessica and Richard Sneider, Thomas
Toomey, Donna and Garry Weber, Angie and Leo
digital general manager Keith Jenkins Wells, Judith and Stephen Wertheimer, Kathy J.
dCNioigcniotsaletla Wnpcueebr blMiescihllkein.r .gp o hudotitgroiet eaadcli htco odrnisrt:e eMcnttao lldroi:rr yDe Bcatveoindre :Bd Jircaetuf,f nrSe.h yse eKrnrayiot zLr.. pdBhigrouittkoab lea dpcrihtoeodrr, usJ:ca Ctnioonban uDdrinor teDsccuthkokerah:la , rt, WWJeoiflfllirsaetmye nsMc a.r onZfdet, l DlBo. uWglua sa nCda rElsritco nL,a Trsraocny, CR.la ra Wu Tsai,
Marie McGrory. your shot managing editor: Monica C. Corcoran. photo producers: Alexa research and exploration committee
Keefe, Jeanne M. Modderman. designers: Kevin DiCesare, Bethany Powell, Anna Scalamogna, chairman: Peter H. Raven
JCKLmauaoosnnrmmenanbg,i naesSe r,pD :JW eiTo nRrhicgisoneghm riK n DaMos,o,n i lErlVdssmiiaestopyi,l .y ,A Z cJSnaoehgronkeieronnd ivMfkieinc.r ca.v PtMiwdohueerebor:rp sJpphoorrynoeo, .yddS euuWhdccaieoetnrorlnfssrko::ii al nlJW l a Ssinlale enrHyvda iAeclicrdesska,:s m H,N sJaa,en nKfsfc aHyWt eeGe rAiutsrpneicdt.ko rd,ni eigJ;s aiH,t saAeolam npt hyrKe oBurd ruButiccsrca,t iidN,o yCni,c hkr is vPKJNioaceahueiot nhlm csA hCio. a EnlBair.,r amkPJkaeoieen,n rr:,Jac J.Kte hoE,a ahmJmnne ma rBMelje.imt. t LtSFy oDr .sAa uBon.f ascfSyw,i,s a JaCbo,la ohCrfnofo, l O lMiPn’. Lo AHon.aui cCrgadhh eLalinn.p ,,m Kairnk,
Smith, Thomas B. Smith, Wirt H. Wills
iFnotredr.n partoiodnuaclt ieodni:t iSohnasr odne pJuatcyo bedsitorial director: Darren Smith. photographic liaison: Laura L. eRxopbleorrte Bras-llianr-dr,e Lseidee nRc. eBerger, James Cameron,
Sylvia Earle, J. Michael Fay, Beverly Joubert,
editors arabic: Alsaad Omar Almenhaly. azerbaijan: Seymur Teymurov. brazil: Angélica Dereck Joubert, Louise Leakey, Meave Leakey,
Santa Cruz. bulgaria: Krassimir Drumev. china: Bin Wang. croatia: Hrvoje Prćić. czechia: Enric Sala, Spencer Wells
VThDanomueraimtgnephngrháeaianšcrur ealTdy :auR:. n FrTagedeazečsrm.oen /irkbatá.gaens lleid ayVgsa::iti t uLGoMramenoayv:i.n raa Aciz:nno aáE d rBleCrtia kuzAa:k t tVakiNt rhaPilsiculneobhzeeueiiost.fr se..gg arljee laauVnrtp.e.m v anfnainaakon:r:a ry sStLd:rih ia:inF cimBgdl oecaaaro obinaL ua.nOi ekni nptG tsNdirņlueoiikakesnk.ass eh.:l.s aikKgtihaohra: ruerB eDeeaanacindh :eiGr ia :SaK :umC uaFnnhsirn.-erp .oifd sipr kteKooa rNalniskasa caZinmmesed: .r .J: Je liaMefsaonartassnair.one- tny Plna:ie asr .r e fDHLPeooaolvsnglet oaeBjownl,uy, s ,ePC tGatonurreele grSy, aMSJloaeasparksneohk Gla,s leJkl,roi ,rS eiMtaly ,rSa aFtahtrri eatPodsar reKirkc,l uaBHmkai,e, rb StToeahnrnot ,dSm Zreaaea sbv e r
Wojciechowska. portugal: Gonçalo Pereira. romania: Catalin Gruia. russia: Alexander Grek. treasurer: Barbara J. Constantz
serbia: Igor Rill. slovenia: Marija Javornik. spain: Josep Cabello. taiwan: Yungshih Lee. finance: Michael Ulica
thailand: Kowit Phadungruangkij. turkey: Nesibe Bat. ukraine: Olga Valchyshen development: Bill Warren
technology: Jonathan Young
partnerships 161 Sixth Avenue, New York, NY, 10013; Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone]
executive vice president and worldwide publisher: Claudia Malley. vice president marketing: ngsp, inc. board of directors
JCeanmifeprb Belel.r mcoarnp.o irnatteer npaatritonnearls: hCiphsa: rTliaem Amttye nAbborarohuagmh. .b audsvineretsiss ianngd: Ropoebreartti oAnms:b eMrgar, gJaorhent chairman and president: Kevin J. Maroni
Schmidt David Court, Gary E. Knell
executive vice president: Terrence Day. senior vice president consumer and member marketing: national geographic channels
Ldiirze Sctaoffrosr:d A. nvincee Bpraerksiedre (nRtesn: eJwohanls )M, RaiccKhaertdha Bnr o(Nwonrt h(N Aemw eBriucsai)n, eJsosh)n A. Seeley (International). ccehoai:r Cmoanu:r tDenaeviyd MHoillnroe
nat geo wild
evp and general manager: Geoff Daniels
national geographic channels international
ceo: Ward Platt
evp international content: Hamish Mykura
national geographic • March 2015
“Life From Scratch is an unconventional
love story . . . Be prepared to be changed as
you experience Sasha’s journey for yourself.”
—Chris Guillebeau, Author of The Happiness of Pursuit
It was a culinary journey like no other: Over the
course of 195 weeks, food writer and blogger Sasha
Martin set out to cook—and eat—a meal from every
country in the world.
As cooking unlocked the memories of her rough-
and-tumble childhood and the loss and heartbreak
that came with it, Martin became more determined
than ever to find peace and elevate her life through
the prism of food and world cultures. From the tiny,
makeshift kitchen of her eccentric, creative mother
to a string of foster homes to the house from which
she launches her own cooking adventure, Martin’s
heartfelt, brutally honest memoir reveals the power
of cooking to bond, to empower, and to heal—and
celebrates the simple truth that happiness is created
from within.
HUNGRY FOR MORE?
Visit sashamartin.com/book, and download
a Life from Scratch reader’s guide, author
Q&A, and more!
“Poignant, heartwarming, and generously filled
with delicious recipes.”—The Kirkus Review
“. . . there is plenty here to engross memoir lovers.”
—Publishers Weekly
AVAILABLE WHEREVER BOOKS AND E-BOOKS ARE SOLD
and at nationalgeographic.com/books
© 2015 National Geographic Society Like us on Facebook: Nat Geo Books Follow us on Twitter: @NatGeoBooks
3 Questions
nationalgeographic.com/3Q
W  hy National
Geographic Is
a Family Affair
When Gilbert M. Grosvenor retired
from the board of trustees of the
National Geographic Society on June 21,
2014—60 years to the day after he started
working here—he left an organization
built by five generations of his family.
(His daughter, obstetrician Alexandra
Grosvenor Eller, continues the tradition:
She was elected to the National Geo-
graphic board in 2009.)
As the editor in chief of the magazine,
GARDINER GREENE HUBBARD ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
(1822-1897) (1847-1922)
A lawyer and financier, he helped Born in Edinburgh,
fund Alexander Graham Bell’s Scotland, the inventor
research, which eventually led to had an early interest in
the invention of the telephone. teaching the deaf.
JANUARY 1888 1870
Hubbard is among the founders Immigrates to Ontario, Canada.
of the National Geographic Though he spent much of
Society (NGS) and is named its his time in Washington, D.C.,
first president. Bell kept lifelong ties to Nova
Scotia.
1876
Awarded the patent for the
telephone
1877
Marries Mabel Hubbard,
daughter of Gardiner Greene
Hubbard
1898
Becomes president of National
Geographic Society after death
of Gardiner Greene Hubbard
president of the Society, and then chairman of the Your geography education foundation
board, Grosvenor has helped broaden National essentially restored the study of geography
Geographic’s reach through children’s publications, to the American classroom. Why is
local-language editions of the magazines and books, geography so important?
television, and geography education. Geography is an essential part of STEM [science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics] educa-
You studied premed at Yale. What made tion. We need to do better with that. To understand
you change course and come to work at the environmental issues and the dynamics of Earth
National Geographic Society? you have to understand geography. Why is it that
Between my junior and senior years I went a bottle released off the coast of Florida ends up in
to the Netherlands on a summer program to Ireland? That’s the Gulf Stream at work. What about
rebuild dikes washed out by the great flood of 1953. global warming, the dramatic shift north of flora
I photographed and co-authored a story that was and fauna, and the fact that Canada will become the
published in the magazine. Although I’m not sure breadbasket of North America? Patterns of immi-
I realized it at the time, it changed my life. I discov- gration are also all about geography.
ered the power of journalism. And that’s what
we are all about—recording those chronicles of Your advice to successors?
planet Earth. Always do what we do best, not what others do.
GILBERT HOVEY GROSVENOR MELVILLE BELL GROSVENOR GILBERT MELVILLE
(1875-1966) (1901-1982) GROSVENOR
He pioneered the use of Son of Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Born in 1931, the son of
photography in the magazine he brought Louis Leakey, Melville Bell Grosvenor
and built NGS membership Jacques Cousteau, and increased NGS membership
to more than two million. Jane Goodall to NGS. to nearly 11 million.
1899 1924 1954 1980
Hired as the National Geo- Starts work at National Graduates from Yale, joins Resigns as editor, elected
graphic Society’s first employee Geographic a year after National Geographic staff president of NGS
graduating from the U.S.
1900 Naval Academy. Shows a 1970 1985
Marries Elsie May Bell, daugh- talent for photography. Becomes editor of National Kicks off his geography educa-
ter of Alexander Graham Bell Geographic tion program, budgeting four
1930 million dollars to improve Ameri-
1903 Takes first-ever color aerial 1974 can kids’ geographic literacy
Named editor of National photograph Starts World magazine (now
Geographic magazine NG Kids) 1996
1957 Retires as president of NGS
1920 Elected president of National
Elected president of Geographic Society and editor 2004
National Geographic Society of National Geographic Receives Presidential Medal of
Freedom
1954 1967
Resigns as both president and Retires as editor of National 2010
editor, becomes chairman of Geographic, becomes Named chairman emeritus of
the board chairman of the board the NGS board
PHOTOS (FROM LEFT): REBECCA HALE, NGM STAFF; KETS KEMETHY STUDIO; HARRIS & EWING; HARRIS & EWING;
GILBERT H. GROSVENOR; JAMES L. STANFIELD (ALL NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE)
EXPLORE 1
Wild Things
4
3
2
6
5
8
7
Saving Since the early 1980s ichthyologists J. R. Shute and Pat Rakes have splashed
through southeastern U.S. creeks and rivers hunting for tiny survivors. Because
of chemical pollution, silt, and habitat loss, many species of small, native fish—
Stream
some found in only a single creek—have nearly vanished from river systems.
Today the nonprofit the men founded, Conservation Fisheries, Inc., works in ten
Fish states to preserve and propagate about 65 rare species, some shown here.
From a few fish and eggs, CFI raises hatchlings of threatened species, then
places them in the species’ streams of origin or other hospitable waters. For ex-
ample: To stem the loss of spotfin chub (18, right) in the Tennessee River system,
CFI spent years introducing hatchlings, which are now reproducing in the wild.
CFI is keeping a few rare fish “in an ark population, because there’s no suit-
able place to put them back,” Shute says. CFI’s last chucky madtom (1) died in
9 2008, and since then, the tiny catfish have not been seen in the wild. “We hope
they’re still out there,” he says, “but it’s not looking good.” —Patricia Edmonds
1. Chucky madtom 2. Blotchside logperch 3. Spring pygmy sunfish 4. Relict darter 5. Cumberland darter
6. Sicklefin redhorse 7. Conasauga logperch 8. Spotted darter 9. Diamond darter 10. Cape Fear shiner
11. Blackside dace 12. Ashy darter 13. Kentucky arrow darter 14. Roanoke logperch 15. Wounded darter
16. Barrens topminnow 17. Duskytail darter 18. Spotfin chub 19. Pearl darter 20. Slackwater darter
All fish are shown to scale. PHOTOS: JOEL SARTORE