national advisory committee for aeronautics

84 Pages·1997·9.87 MB·English

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FORTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
FOR AERONAUTICS
1954
.
ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT
INCLUDING TECHNICAL REPORTS
NOS. 1158 to 1209
#
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OI?FICE
WASHINGTON : 1956
ForsalebytbeSuperintendenotfDocuments,U.S. GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington25,D.C. - . . - . Price$8.50(Bwlmam)
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CONTENTS
Page
LetterofTransmittal....................................... v
Letterof Submittal....... ................................. VII
FortiethAnnualReport..................................... IX -
Part I. TechnicalActivities............................... 1
The iVACA-What ItIs andHow It Operates........ 1
ProgressinSupersonicEra RequiresIntenseEffort.... 3
Aerodynamics..................................... 8,
PowerP1antsforAircraft .......................... .28
AircraftConstruction.............................. 43
OperatingProblems............................... 52
ResearchPublications............................. 56
Part II. CommitteeOrganizationandMembership............ 67
PartIII. FinancialReport.................................. 74
Teclmical Reports......................................... 75
n
TECHNICAL REPORTS
Alo, Page h’o. Page
115S.Prediction of Flame Velocities of Hydrocarbon 1175.Effect of Variable Viscosity and Thermal Con-
Flames. By GordonL. DuggerandDorothy M. ductivity on High-Speed Slip Flow Between
Simon,NACA------------------------------ 75 ConcentricCylinders. ByT. C. Linand R. E.
1159,Impingement of Water Droplets on Wedges and Street,UniversityofWashin@on-------------- 435
Double-Wedge Airfoils at Supersonic Speeds. 1176.DeterminationofMeanCamberSurfacesForWings
ByJohnS.Serafini,NACA-.--_-_-__-_------- 85 Having Uniform ChordwiseLoading and Arbi-
1160.The Zero-L]ft Drag of a SlenderBody of Revolu- trary SpamviseLoadingin SubsonicFlow. By
tion(iSACARM—10 ResearchModel)asDeter- S. Katzoff, M. Frances Faison, and Hugh C.
minedfromTestsinSeveralWindTunnelsandin DuBose, NACA----------------------------- 471
Flight at Supersonic Speeds. By Albert J. 1177. Comparisonof Performanceof Experimentaland
Evans,NACA------------------------------ 109 Conventional Cage Designs and Materials for
1161.AverageSkin-FrictionDragCoefficientsFromTank 75-Millimeter-Bore Cylindrical Roller Bearings
Testsof aParabolicBody of Revolution (NACA at High Speeds. By William J. Anderson,
RL1–10). By Elmo J. Mottard and J. Dan E.FredMacks,andZoltonN.Nemeth,NACA-_ 489
Loposer,NACA----------------------------- 123 1178. Calibrationof Strain-GageInstallationsinAircraft
1162,LiftDevelopedonUnrestrainedRectangularWings Structuresforthe Measurementof FlightLoads.
Entering Gusts at Subsonic and Supersonic By T. H. Skopinskl,TJWliamS. Aiken,Jr., and
Speeds. ByHarvardLomax,NACA----------- 131 WilberB. Huston,ATACA-------------------- 505
1163.A Visualization Study of Secondary Flows in 1179.A hToteon Secondary Flow in Rotating Radial
Cascades. By Howard Z. Herzig, Arthur G. Channels. By JamesJ. Kramer and John D.
Hansen,andGeorgeR. Costello,NACA-------- 147 Stanitz,NACA----------------------------- 535
1164.Convection of a Pattern of Vorticity Through a 1180.TheoreticalStudyoftheTransonicLiftofaDouble-
ShockWave. ByH.S.Ribner,NACA--------- 199 Wedge Profile With Detached Bow Wave. By
1165.Unsteady Oblique Interaction of a Shock JJrave WalterG.VincentiandCleoB.Wagoner,hTACA- 547
with a Plane Distrubance. By Franklin K. 1181.StructuralResponse to Discrete and Continuous
Moore, NACA------------------------------ 217 GustsofanAirplaneHavingWing-BendingFlexi-
1166. Relation Between Roughness of Interface and bility anda Correlationof CalculatedandFlight
Adherence of Porcelain Enamel to Steel. By Results. By John C. Houbolt and Eldon E.
J. C. Richmond, D. G. Moore, H. B. Kirk- Kordes,NACA----------------------------- 571
patrick,andW. N.Harrison,NationalBureauof . 1182. Comparison of Effectiveness of Convection-,
Standards---------------------------------- 239 Transpiration-,and Film-Cooling Methodswith
1167. Method for Calculatingthe Rollfng and Yawing Air as Coolant. By E. R. G. Ecliert andJohn
Moments Due to Rolling for Unswept Wings hT.B. Livingood, NACA-_--------:------_:-- 593
With or Without Flaps or Aileronsby Use of
1183.SupersonicFlowP@ OscillatingAirfodsIncluding
Nonlinear Section Lift Data. By Albert P.
hTonlinearThicknessEffects. By MiltonD. Van
Martina,NACA-----------------T ---------- 249
Dyke, ATACA------------------------------- 611
1168.SecondaryFlows and Boundarj-Layer Accumula-
1184.The Normal Component of the Induced Velocity
tionsinTurbineNozzles. By HaroldE. Rohlik,
in the Vicinity of a Lifting Rotor and Some
Milton G. Kofskey, Hubert W. Allen, and
ExamplesofItsApplication. By WalterCastles,
HowardZ.Herzig,NACA-----------------.-- 265
Jr., and Jacob Henri De Leemv,GeorgiaInsti-
1169. MatrixMethodsforDeterminingtheLongitudinal-
tuteof Technology-------------------------- 629
StabilityDerivativesofanAirplane From Tran-
1185.TheCalculationof Pressureo~SlenderAirplanesin
sient Flight Data. By James J. Donegan,
Subsonic and Supersonic Flow. By Max. A.
NACA------------------------------------- 297
HeasletandHarvardLomax,NACA---------- 645
1170.BehaviorofMaterialsUnderConditionsofThermal
1186.Formationand Combustionof Smokein Laminar
Stress. ByS.S.Manson,NACA-------------- 317
Flames. By Rose L. Schalla,ThomasP. Clark,
1171.Effect of Horizontal-Tail Spanand VerticalLoca-
andGlenE. McDonald, NACA--------------- 657
tion on the Aerodynamic Characteristicsof an
UnsweptTail AssemblyinSideslip. By Donald 1187. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of
R. Riley, NACA-----’ ----------------------- 351 AdditiveDrag. By hTerwinSibulkin,ATACA--- 679
1172.A Study of the Application of Power-Spectral 1188. OntheUseoftheIndicialFunctionConceptinthe
Methods of GeneralizedHarmonic Analysis to Analysis of Unsteady ihfotionsof Wings and
GustLoadson Airplanes. By Harry Pressand Wing-Tail Combinations. By Murray Tobak,
BernardMazelsky,hTACA-_-_---------------- 371 NACA------------------------------------- 691
1173.On Traveling Waves in Beams. By Robert IV. 1189.Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Low
LeonardandBernardBudiansky,NACA------- 388 Drag SupersonicInletsHaving a CircularCross
1174.The Structureof Turbulence in Fully Developed Sectionand a CentralBody at Mach h7umbers
PipeFlow. By JohnLaufer,NationalBureauof of 3.30,2.75, and 2.45. By Antonio Ferri and
Standards---------------------------------- 417 LouisM. Nucci, h’ACA---------------------- 737
III
Iv TEC13X1CAL REPORTS
ATO. Are. ru[c
1190..4xial-Load Fatigue Properties of 245-T and 1201.Performanceand Boundary-LayerData from 12°
755-T Aluminum Alloy As Determined in and 23° Conical Diffusersof AreaRatio 2.0 at
SeveralLaboratories. By H. J. Grover, TV.S. Mach NTumbersup to Choking and Reynolds
Hyler, Paul Kuhn, Charles B. Landers, and ATumbersupto 7.5X 1~. By B. H. Little,Jr.,
F. M. Howell,NACA------------------------ 775 andStaffordW. Wilbur,ATACA-----------.--- 1013
1191. On the Development of Turbulent Wakes From 1202. ChartsRelatingtheCompressiveBucklingStressof
Vortex Streets. By Anatol Roshko, California LongitudinallySupportedPlatesto theEffective
Instituteof Technology-_-_--,----------------- 801 DefleccionalandRotationalStiffnessof theSUp-
\
1192.Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of ports. By Roger A. Anderson and Joseph W.
Mufflers With Comments on Engine-Exhaust Semonian,A’ACA--------------------------- 1037
MutfterDesign. By Don D. Davis, Jr., George 1203.Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the
M. Stokes, Dewey Moore, and George L. EffectsofChordwiseWingFencesandHorizontal-
Stevens,Jr.,N’ACA------------------------- 827 TailPositionontheStaticLongitudinalStability
1193.TheoreticalPerformanceCharacteristicsof Sharp- CharacteristicsofanAirplanelModelWitha35°
Lip Inlets at Subsonic Speeds. By Evan SweptbackWing. By M. J. Queijo, Byron hI.
A. I?radenburgh and DeMarquis D. Wyatt, Jaquet,andWalterD. Wolhart,NACA-------- 1057
NACA------------------------------------- 877 1204.Application of Several Methods for Determining
1194.AStudyof HypersonicSmall-DisturbanceTheory. TransferFunctionsand Frequency Responseof
By MiltonD. VanDylie, N’ACA------:_______ 885 AircraftFromFlightData. BYJohnM. Egglcs-
1195.Formulas for Elastic Constants of Plates With ton andCharlesW. Mathews,NACA---------- 1087
Integral Watil&Like Stiffening. By NTorrisF. 1205.A Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Effects of
Dow, Charles Libove, and Ralph E. Hublia, Thrust-AxisInclinationon PropellerFirst-Order
NACA------------------------------------- !207 Vibration. By W. H. Gray,J. M. Hallissy,Jr.,
1196.An Analytical Study of the Effect of Airplane andA. R. Heath,Jr.,NACA----.--.-----.--- 1111
‘WakeontheLateralDispersionofAerialSprays. 1206.ARevisedGust-LoadFormulaandaRe-Evaluation
By WilmerH. ReedIII, NACA--------------- 931 ofV-G DataTakenonCivilTransportAirplanes
1197.A Study of the Characteristicsof Human-Pilot from 1933to 1950. By Kermit G. Pratt and
ControlResponseto SinmlatedAhcraft Lateral WalterG.Walker,NACA------------------.- 1149
Motions. By Donald C. Cheatham,NACA---- 947 1207.Studiesof the Lateral-DirectionalFlying Qualities
1198.A Theoretical Study of the Eflect of Forward of a TandemHelicopterin ForwardFlight. By
Speed on the Free-SpaceSound-PressureField Kenneth B. Amer and Robert J. Tapscott,
Around Propellers. By I. E. Garrick and ATACA_-------------------- -------------- 1159
CharlesE. Watkins,NACA---___-----__-_-__ 961 1208.AComparison oftheSpanwiseLoadingCalculated
1199.A Study of the Problem of Designing Airplanes by VariousMethodswithExperimentalLoadings
With Satisfactory Inherent Damping of the Obtainedon a 45° Sweptback Wing of Aspect
Dutch Roll Oscillation. By John P. Campbell Ratio 8.02at a Reynolds Numberof 4.0x 106.
andMarionO.McKinney, Jr.,A7ACA--------- 977 By WilliamC.Schneider,A’ACA-------------- 1175
1200. Method for Studying Helicopter Longitudinal 1209.Development of Turbulence-Measuring Equip-
Maneuver Stability. By Kenneth B. Amer, ment. By Leslie S. G. Kov6sznay, The Johns
hTACA---- -------------------------------- 995 HopkinsUni;emity-------------------------- 1187
0
0
Letter of Transmittal
i“othe Congre~s of the United States:
In compliance with the provisions of the act of March 3, 1915,as
amended, establishing the ~TationalAdvisory Committee for Aero-
nautics,I transmitherewith the Fortieth Annual Report of the Com-
mitteecovering thefiscalyear1954.
DWIGHT D. 131SENHOWIIR.
THE WHITEHOUSE,
JANUARY26,1955.
v
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Letter of Submittal
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FORAERONAUTICS
WASHINGTOND,. C., OGtobe~*W,195.4.
l)EARIY@. PRESIDENT:
In compliance with the actof Congress approved March 3,1915, as
amended (U. S. C. title 50,sec. 151), I submithere-withthe Fortieth
[
Annual Report of the ATationalAdvisory Committeefor Aeronautics
for 1954.
The appropriation for operating the National Advisory Committee
for Aeronautics for the present fiscalyear is$52,000,000. The Com-
mitteehasreviewed critically itsscientificresearchprograms andcon-
cluded that additional aeronauticalresearcheffort isnecessary.
Briefly, theimportantfactsare:
(1) The current trend toward leveling off expenditures for scien-
tific researchin aeronauticsis forcing hard decisionsto slow down or
to defer indefinitely researchprojects essentialto thetimely develop-
mentof newweapons.
(2) It is now wise to accelerate scientific progress. In the long
run, scientific researchis the bestinsurance that there will be “value
received” from the country% whole aircraft program.
Attention is invitecl to the Committee%opening statementto the
Congress regarding the necessity for maini%ining our supremacy in
theair.
Respectfully submitted.
JEROMEC. HUNSAKER,
Cha&man.
‘1’HE PRES~ENT,
The Wii%e House, _Washington, D. O.
vlr
.
V I I I
D., Director, Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory, Cleveland, Ohio
E D W A R D R. S H A R P , Sc.
D. Eng.,D i r e c t o r ,A m e sA e r o n a u t i c aLl aboratoryM, o f f e t tF i e l d , C a l i f .
S M I T H J . D E F R A ~ C E ,
D. Eng.,D i r e c t o r ,LangleyA e r o n a u t i c aLl aboratoryL, angleyF i e l d ,Va.
H E N B Y J . E. R E I D ,
Associate Director for ResearclL
OflZcer
J O H N W. C R O W L H Y , JR., B. S.,
E D W A R D H. C H A X I R E R L I N , E c e c w ! t i e
Director iYecretartl
H U G H L . D R T D E N , PH. D., J O H X F. VICTORY, L L . D., E w 3 c u W e
GeneralU, n i t e dS t a t e sA i r F o r c e ,Chiefof Staff.
N A T I I A N F. TWINING,
D.,m e m b e rC, k i l A e r o n a u t i cBs oard.
RYAN, LL.
O S W A L D
D., Chief,U n i t e dS t a t e s~eather Bureau.
F R A N C I S TV. R S I C H E L D E B F E R , Sc.
CompanyI,nc.
D., V i c e President-EngineeringD, ouglasA i r c r a f t
&THUR E. RAYMOND, Sc.
Development).
D. A s s i s t a n tS e c r e t a r yof Defense (Researchand
D O N A L D A. Q U A R L E S , ENG.,
Staff,Development.
L . P U T TL, ieutenantGeneral,U n i t e dS t a t e sA l r F o r c e , DeputyChief of
D O N A L D
O p e r a t i o n s(Ah).
V i c e A d m h l , U n i t e d S t a t e sNavy, Deputy Chief of Naval
R&LPH A. OFSTIE,
M o t o r s Corporation.
B. S . , Director of Engineering, Allison Division, General
R O N A L D M. H A E E N ,
of theBureauof A e r o n a u t i c s .
R e a r A d m i r a l ,U n i t e dS t a t e sNavy,DeputyandA s s i s t a n tChief
L L O Y D H A R R I S O N ,
P r e s i d e n tS, h e l lO i l Company.
J A M E S H. DOOLYM!LE,Sc. D., Vice
D. P r e s i d e n t , T r a n s World Airlines, I n c .
RALPH S.”DAMON,
ENG.,
D., Secretary, SmithsonianInstitution.
PH.
L E O X ~ R D C A R M I C H A E L ,
R. B M . s m ? r ,hf. A., P r e s i d e n ~ S p e r r y G y r o s c o p e Company,I n c .
PRESTON
D., D i r e c t o r ,N a t i o n aBl ureauof Standards.
V. ASTIN, PH.
A L L E N
D., m e m b e rC, i v i lA e r o n a u t i cBs oard.
JOSEPH P.
Amms, L L .
Vic13G%airman.
D., P r e s i d e n tR, o c k e f e l l e rI n s t i t u t efor M e d i c a lR e s e a r c h ,
DISYLEVW. BBONK, PH.
H U N S A K ESIcL. D., M a s s a c h u s e t tIsn s t i t u t eof Teehnolo5wC, hairman.
JEROME C.
and s e r v e a s such w i t h o u t c o m p e n s a t i o n .
approved March 2,1929, and t o 17 by a c t approved May 25,1948. The m e m b e r s are a p p o i n t e d by the P r e s i d e n t .
12
of the p r o b l e m s of flight (U. S. Code, t i t l e 50, s e c . 151). I t s m e m b e r s h i p w a s t o 15 by a c t
i n c r e a s e d from
C r e a t e d by a c t of C o n g r e s s approved March 3, 1915, for the s u p e r v i s i o n ancl c l i r e c t i o n of the s c i e n t i f i c study
Eeadguurters, 151$ El street NW., Washington %’5,~ . C .
‘ N a t i o n a l A d v i s o r y Committee for Aeronautics
.
—
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FORTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
NATIONAL ADVISORY
COMMITTEEFOR AERONAUTICS
WASHINGTON, D. C., Ocifobe~22,195.J.
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with theact of Congress,approved March 3,1915, as
amended (U. S. C. title 50,sec. 151), vrhichestablishedthe ATational
Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the Committee submits its
Fortieth Annual Report for the fiscalyear 1954.
During the first half-century of powered flight the airplane was
developed into a principal military weapon. Its usehas altered the
courseof history andthedestiniesof nations.
Today, at the start of the second half-century of powered flight,
the nuclear bomb carried now by the airplane, and ultimately by its
unmannedcounterpart,theguided missile,hasbecomethemostpower-
ful military weaponof alltime.
We are in a race to acquire the scientific knowledge necessary to
createairplanesandmissileswithtle capabilitiesthatpermitmilitary
use at extreme altitudes across intercontinental distances, and with
supersonic swiftness to penetrate enemy defenses. This race starts
in theresearchlaboratories. It may be decided there. The technical
problems involved are complex, interrelated, and difficult. How
mpidly wesolvethemwill bedeterminedmainly by theeffortapplied.
How closetheracehasbecome,wecannotknow with certainty. We
do know thatRussiantechnical airprogress ischallenging. That fact
wasimpressedupon our airmenin Korea. It wasunderlined in 1954
byRussia’sopendisplayof itsnewjetbombers.
Despite evidenceof substantialaccelerationof technoloa~ inRussia,
we believe we still have a qualitative lead. Maintaining that lead
demandsmore vigorous attacksupon theresearchproblems before us.
Continued effectiveteamworkby themilitary servicesandtheaircraft
industry can insureearly exploitation of researchresultsin practical
applications leading to tiproved aircraft and missiles.
In thesecritical days we should be stockpiling research‘resultsand
engineering data just as we are stockpiling strategic materials and
weapons. During thepast3years,however,therehasbeena“leveling
off” of appropriations for scientific research in aeronautics. This
leveling off has forced theNACA to makereluctant decisionsto slow
down, orto defer indefinitely,manyimportant researchopportunities.
To sumup, our national security requiresthatwebefirstintheair.
Leadershipinscientificresearchisthekeyelement.
Respectfully submitted. .
JEROMEC. HUNSAKER,
Chahaan.
IX
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