Nation Building : Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart

311 Pages·2018·2.97 MB·English

by  Andreas Wimmer

NATION BUILDING
Princeton Studies in Global and Comparative Sociology
Andreas Wimmer, Series Editor
Nation Building
Why Some Countries Come
Together While Others Fall Apart
Andreas Wimmer
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCETON AND OXFORD
Copyright © 2018 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press,
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In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press,
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Jacket design by Amanda Weiss All Rights Reserved
ISBN 978-0-69117738-0
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wimmer, Andreas, author.
Title: Nation building : why some countries come together while others fall apart / Andreas
Wimmer.
Description: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 2018. | Series: Princeton studies in global
and comparative sociology | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017009584 | ISBN 9780691177380 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Political development. | BISAC: SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology General. |
POLITICAL SCIENCE Political Ideologies Nationalism. | POLITICAL SCIENCE Peace. | SOCIAL
SCIENCE Research. | PHILOSOPHY Political. | SOCIAL SCIENCE / Statistics.
Classification: LCC JC336 .W56 2018 | DDC 320.1—dc23 LC record available at
https://LCCN.loc.gov/2017009584
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in
Adobe Text Pro Printed on acid-free paper. ∞
Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my father, finally
CONTENTS
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
A Note to the Reader on the Online Appendix xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction 1
1 A Relational Theory and Nested Methods 23
2 Voluntary Organizations: Switzerland versus Belgium 45
3 Public Goods: Botswana versus Somalia 69
4 Communicative Integration: China versus Russia 113
5 Political Integration: Evidence from Countries around the World 171
6 Identifying with the Nation: Evidence from a Global Survey 209
7 Is Diversity Detrimental? 229
8 Policy Implications with Some Lessons Learned from Afghanistan 
249
Appendix A: Supplement to Chapter 1 (Online) 267
Appendix B: Supplement to Chapter 4 269
Appendix C: Supplement to Chapter 5 271
Appendix D: Supplement to Chapter 6 285
Appendix E: Supplement to Chapter 7 297
Appendix F: Supplement to Chapter 8 305
Notes 307
References 319
Index 337
FIGURES
0.1. Determinants of nation building 15
0.2. The argument in a nutshell 20
1.1. An inclusionary (left panel) and exclusionary (right panel)
configuration of power 25
1.2. Nation building and ethnic diversity around the world, 1945–
2010 25
1.3. Nation building and democracy around the world, 1945–2010 26
1.4. Size of the excluded population over time in South Africa and
Mexico, 1946–2010 39
1.5. Average pride in country over time in Bosnia and the United
States 39
3.1. A simplified genealogical map of Somali clans (without southern
agricultural clans) 94
4.1. Languages of contemporary China 116
4.2. Language tree for Sinitic 117
5.1. Predicted size of the excluded population in 98 countries that
became independent after 1945 188
6.1. Configurations of ethnopolitical power 213
8.1. Average levels of ethnopolitical exclusion in old and new
countries, 1945–2010 250
8.2. Average literacy rates in old and new countries, 1945–2010 251
8.3. Average number of voluntary organizations per capita in the
world, 1970–2005 252
A.1. of the online appendix. Proportion of excluded population in (online)
each country over time
A.2. of the online appendix. National pride in each country over time (online)
D.1. Example of a nested system of ethnic classification 294
D.2. Sample size and correlations between average responses across