Nation and Ethnicity: Chinese Discourses on History, Historiography, and Nationalism (1900s–1920s)

515 Pages·2017·3.156 MB·English

by  Julia C. Schneider

Nation and Ethnicity
Leiden Series in
Comparative Historiography
Editors
Axel Schneider
Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik
VOLUME 11
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/lsch
Nation and Ethnicity
Chinese Discourses on History, Historiography,
and Nationalism (1900s–1920s)
By
Julia C. Schneider
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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issn 1574-4493
isbn 978-90-04-33011-5 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-33012-2 (e-book)
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Für meinen Mann
∵

Contents
Acknowledgements ix
List of Maps and Tables Xi
Abbreviations Xii
Notes XIii
Introduction 1
Part 1: Imperial Times
1 Liang Qichao: Nationalism and Historiography 67
2 Zhang Taiyan: The Republic of China as an Image 143
3 Liu Shipei: The Expulsion of the Non-Chinese People from China’s
History 211
Part 2: The Republican Era
The New Setting: Political Thinking after 1912 272
4 Non-Chinese People in Periodisations and Assimilationist Theories 283
5 The Genre of General Histories in the 1920s 330
Conclusion 381
Bibliography 399
Glossary of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Terms 441
Index 474

Acknowledgements
This book is the culmination of a longer project that began in 2006 at Heidel-
berg University, interrupted for two shorter periods, resumed in 2009 at Ghent
University, and finished at Göttingen University in 2016. Its larger part was
written during my doctorate at Ghent University under the mentorship and
guidance of my supervisors. I thus want to express my greatest thankfulness
to Ann Heirman (Ghent University) for her careful comments and warm sup-
port, Axel Schneider (University of Göttingen) for his help in approaching my
topic in the context of Chinese historiography, and Eric Vanhaute (Ghent Uni-
versity) for his help in understanding my topic in the wider context of global
history. All supported me with their profound comments and their patience.
I also thank the members of my doctoral defence committee, Bart Dessein
(Ghent University), Christian Uhl (Ghent University), Stefan Haas (University
of Göttingen), and Tze-ki Hon (New York State University, Geneseo) for their
suggestions and encouragement.
I always feel deep gratitude to Andrea Janku (formerly Heidelberg University,
now SOAS). Among other important impulses she gave me as a student, the
most important one was that she had me read Pamela Crossley’s “Thinking
about ethnicity in early modern China.” Without this, this book would not
have come into being. I also thank Rudolf Wagner and Barbara Mittler (both
Heidelberg University) for their support at the beginning of the project, as
well as the support of others from Heidelberg University who inspired me as
a student, especially Lothar Wagner, who taught me to admire the beauty and
finesse of the classical Chinese language.
I thank friends and colleagues who helped me to develop my topic in
many academic discussions, reading groups, and personal conversations;
Mieke Matthyssen, Li Man, and Mathieu Torck from the Institute of Sinology,
Ghent University; Milinda Banerjee, Ulrike Büchsel, Verena Lauer, and Élise
Wintz from the Project A5, Cluster of Excellence “Asia and Europe,” Heidelberg
University; from the Institute of Chinese Studies, Heidelberg University,
Lena Henningsen (now Freiburg University) and Barbara Wall (now
Hamburg University); Britta Büermann from the Department of East Asian
Studies, University of Göttingen; and my friends and colleagues from the post-
doc mentoring program at the University of Göttingen. Furthermore, I want to
thank Francesca Fiaschetti (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) for sharing
more than one vision and making it reality in two workshops we co-organised
(2011 at Ghent University, 2012 at Munich University); the speakers of these
x acknowledgements
workshops, who gave me many inspiring insights and ideas, especially Nicola
Di Cosmo, Evelyn Rawski, and Pamela Crossley; and friends and colleagues
I got acquainted with at conferences and from whose comments I greatly ben-
efitted, above all Jeremy Gong and Leigh Jenco.
I also thank several institutions for financial help, the Bijzonder
Onderzoeksfonds (Special Research Fund), Ghent University, for a generous
Ph.D. scholarship, and the Ministry for Science, Research, and Art, Baden-
Württemberg, and the European Social Fund for a Ph.D. scholarship accord-
ing to the Schlieben-Lange Programme at Heidelberg University. Moreover,
I thank the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Ministry of
Education of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for travel grants.
I also thank my proof-reader, Wendy Smyer Yu, for her careful reading and
correcting; the editors of the series Leiden Series in Comparative Historiography,
Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik and Axel Schneider, the editors at Brill, Qin
Higley and Victoria Menson, for their guidance and advice; and the two anony-
mous reviewers whose comments and suggestions were most helpful in guid-
ing my revisions. Of course, all remaining errors in this book are my own.
Last though not least, I thank my family for their support, patience, and
endurance. I dedicate this book to my husband, without whose moral and
active support it could never have come into being.